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The issue of comorbidity within the Axis II personality disorders was explored using a large sample of university students who were administered the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI). Comorbidity patterns with this normal sample were compared with recent clinical data reported by several other researchers. The results confirm the high degree of comorbidity within Axis II and the similarity in the comorbidity patterns with clinical and nonclinical samples. With the CATI, a 30.4% comorbidity rate was obtained for Histrionic and Narcissistic Personality disorders (Pd). The paranoid, passive-aggressive and borderline personality disorder traits were comorbid with several other Pds. For Cluster A, there was low comorbidity except for Paranoid Pd and Schizotypal Pd. With Cluster B, the co-occurrence was moderate to strong. A moderate amount of interrelationship was obtained for the Cluster C Pds. The DSM-IV clusters were also strongly interrelated. An additional finding was the similarity between self-report and structured interview methodology in obtained personality disorder comorbidity.

The Defense Style Questionnaire-40 is a 40 item short form of the 88 item Defense Style Questionnaire. A cross-cultural comparison was made between a sample of 635 Canadian university students and an Australian sample of 388 subjects reported by Andrews, Singh, and Bond. Differences between the two samples were noted for several of the defense scales. These may be a reflection of differential socialization patterns in coping with stress for the two countries. Gender and age comparisons were made for the 20 defense scales. Some interesting differences were noted for gender on the suppression, pseudoaltruism, and isolation scales. The internal structure of defense styles was also found to have similarities and differences for males and females with the DSQ-40.

The Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI), Holden Psychological Screening Inventory (HPSI), and the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS) were administered to samples of 66 young offenders and 67 high school students. Significant between sample differences occurred for the HPSI Depression and Social Symptomatology scales, the JPI Responsibility and Risk Taking scales, but none of the 4 LMS scales. Statistically significant correlations were obtained for the LMS with 13 of the 15 JPI scales, with the HPSI Psychiatric, Social, and Depression Symptomatology scales, and with gender and sample. The canonical correlation redundancy index indicated that 40% of the variance in leisure motivation was accounted for by the HPSI and JPI measures. Sample and gender added 2% to the explained variance.

The Coolidge Axis-II Inventory (CATI) is a 200-item self-report inventory that is designed to measure DSM-IV personality disorders (PD's). Norms with a sample of 1,790 Canadian college students are compared with a US sample of 573 college students and 36 elderly subjects. Comparisons for the 11 DSM-IV personality disorder scales are made with several age groups and with gender. Some interesting similarities and differences were observed. With the Canadian sample, a gender difference was found on the antisocial scale. Age differences were found for on several PD scales in that younger respondents (17-24 years) scored higher than the older ones (25-57 years). This information is likely to be helpful to clinicians in monitoring age related behavioral changes in personality disorder.

The present study examined the construct validity of three subscales from the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory for Children (Battle, 1981). Subjects were 62 youth who participated in a local community social-service program between 1981 and 1985. Three subscales (Academic, Parent, and Social) of the inventory were compared with data recorded in case files. Data in the case files were quantified into scales according to the frequency and intensity of target behaviors derived from the literature. Correlation between scores on the inventory subscales and on the corresponding constructed scales were - .49, -.46, and -.11 for the academic, parent, and social dimensions, respectively. Correlations among the three subscales of the inventory and the noncorresponding constructed scales were all nonsignificant, giving support for discriminant validity among the subscales.