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Harjit Kaur Singh,1 Gerard Kennedy,1– 3 Ieva Stupans1 1The School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; 2School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Melbourne, Australia; 3Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, AustraliaCorrespondence: Harjit Kaur SinghSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaEmail s3200840@student.rmit.edu.auObjective: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted to explore how stakeholders – participants and coaches experienced, and made sense of, being involved in coaching for people with poorly controlled hypertension.Methods: Two pharmacists provided monthly health coaching sessions to twenty participants for three-months. Qualitative semi-structured interviews of participants were carried out by pharmacist coaches at baseline, one month, and at three months post-study completion. The pharmacist health coaches were also interviewed. Participant and pharmacist audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.Results: Twenty participants with poorly controlled hypertension received health coaching. Analysis of the transcripts from participant interviews indicated the emergence of three main themes “beliefs about and management of hypertension”, “reflection on health goals” and “understanding of and experiences from health coaching”. Only one theme emerged from the pharmacist interviews: “logistics of health coaching in pharmacy”.Conclusion: Analysis of interviews showed that participants experienced a variety of positive health changes. Changes included a better understanding of health coaching, more realistic beliefs about hypertension, and improved management of hypertension and health goals. Participants were also positive about their experiences of coaching. Interviews with the pharmacists revealed factors such as planning, teamwork, and time management which are related to the implementation and provision of health coaching in community pharmacy practice which could be overcome through consideration and planning.Keywords: attitudes, opinions, behavior change, hypertension

The XIII Banff meeting, held in conjunction the Canadian Society of Transplantation in Vancouver, Canada, reviewed the clinical impact of updates of C4d-negative antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) from the 2013 meeting, reports from active Banff Working Groups, the relationships of donor-specific antibody tests (anti-HLA and non-HLA) with transplant histopathology, and questions of molecular transplant diagnostics. The use of transcriptome gene sets, their resultant diagnostic classifiers, or common key genes to supplement the diagnosis and classification of rejection requires further consensus agreement and validation in biopsies. Newly introduced concepts include the i-IFTA score, comprising inflammation within areas of fibrosis and atrophy and acceptance of transplant arteriolopathy within the descriptions of chronic active T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) or chronic ABMR. The pattern of mixed TCMR and ABMR was increasingly recognized. This report also includes improved definitions of TCMR and ABMR in pancreas transplants with specification of vascular lesions and prospects for defining a vascularized composite allograft rejection classification. The goal of the Banff process is ongoing integration of advances in histologic, serologic, and molecular diagnostic techniques to produce a consensus-based reporting system that offers precise composite scores, accurate routine diagnostics, and applicability to next-generation clinical trials.

Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces mortality, but variation exists in uptake. Ethnicity is suggested to play a role; however, there is no high-level evidence to support this. We aim to clarify the impact of Ethnicity on CRC screening uptake and our barriers to its understanding. Methods: A systematic review to identify studies reporting on the participation of ethnic minorities in CRC screening worldwide was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar databases up until 31 May 2019 were searched. Compliance with screening according to ethnic groups and screening modality was evaluated compared to the 'White' control group. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in the review reporting on 2,084,213 patients. Substantial variation in categorisation of ethnicities (40 sub-categories), screening modality studied and confounding factors accounted for was observed. 8/15 studies for 'Blacks', 10/13 for 'Hispanics', 2/2 for 'Asians' and 1/1 for 'South East Asians' suggest a less likely or significantly decreased compliance with screening for all screening modalities (p <.05) compared to 'Whites'. Interestingly 'Japanese', 'Vietnamese' and 'Filipino' groups consistently show no difference in the uptake of CRC screening compared to the 'White' majority. Conclusion: This is the only systematic review on this topic. It highlights the inconsistency in screening uptake behaviour in different ethnic minority groups and identifies barriers like variation in ethnicity categorisation, screening modality and study design utilised to understanding the intricacies of this relationship. Further collaboration and action needs to be undertaken internationally to clarify and improve inequity in the uptake of screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate left bundle branch block (LBBB) as an indicator of advanced cardiovascular involvement in diabetic (DM) patients by examining left ventricular systolic function and proteinurea.Methods: Data of 26 diabetic patients with left bundle branch block (DM with LBBB) were compared with data of 31 diabetic patients without left bundle branch block (DM without LBBB) and 18 nondiabetic patients with left bundle branch block (non-DM with LBBB). The inclusion criteria were age >45 years, and diabetes mellitus type 2 of >5 years.Results: Mean ages of patients in DM with LBBB, DM without LBBB, and non-DM with LBBB groups were 67 +/- 8, 68 +/- 10, and 65 +/- 10 years, respectively (P = NS). Females were 65%, 61%, and 61%, respectively (P = NS). Left ventricular ejection fraction in DM with LBBB was significantly lower than in DM without LBBB and non-DM with LBBB (30 +/- 10% vs 49 +/- 12% and 47 +/- 8%, P < 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly higher in DM with LBBB than in DM without LBBB and non-DM with LBBB (188.6 +/- 16.4 mL vs 147.5 +/- 22.3 mL and 165.3 +/- 15.2 mL, P < 0.03). Similarly, left ventricular end-systolic volume was significantly higher in DM with LBBB than in DM without LBBB and non-DM with LBBB (135.4 +/- 14.7 mL vs 83.7 +/- 9.5 mL and 96.6 +/- 18.4 mL, P < 0.02). No statistically significant difference was seen in left atrial size. Proteinurea in DM with LBBB (79.4 +/- 18.9 mg/dL) was significantly higher than in DM without LBBB (35.6 +/- 8.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and non-DM with LBBB (12 +/- 3.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in Hb A1c levels in DM with LBBB and DM without LBBB (9.01% vs 7.81%, P = NS).Conclusions: Left bundle branch block in diabetic patients indicates advanced cardiovascular involvement manifesting with more severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and proteinurea compared to both diabetic patients without left bundle branch block and nondiabetic patients with left bundle branch block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polyomavirus (PyV) nephropathy (PyVN) leads to kidney transplant dysfunction and loss. Since a definitive diagnosis requires an invasive kidney biopsy, a timely diagnosis is often hampered. In this clinical dilemma the PyV haufen-test, centering around the detection of 3-dimensional PyV aggregates in the urine, might provide crucial diagnostic information., Methods: A multistep experimental design was used. The hypothesis was that PyV-haufen form within the kidneys under high concentrations of uromodulin, a kidney-specific protein and that PyV-haufen are, therefore, kidney-specific disease biomarkers., Results: The first investigative step showed colocalization of uromodulin with aggregated PyV (1) in 10 kidneys with PyVN by immunohistochemistry, (2) in urine samples containing PyV-haufen by electron microscopy/immunogold labeling (n = 3), and (3) in urine samples containing PyV-haufen by immunoprecipitation assays (n = 4). In the in vitro experiments of the next step, only high uromodulin concentrations (≥1.25 mg/mL) aggregated PyV, as is expected to occur within injured nephrons. In contrast, in voided urine samples (n = 59) uromodulin concentrations were below aggregation concentrations (1.2-19.6 µg/mL). In the third investigative step, none of 11 uromodulin-/- knockout mice (0%) with histologic signs of PyVN showed urinary PyV-haufen shedding, compared with 10 of 14 uromodulin+/+ wild-type mice (71%)., Conclusions: PyV-haufen form within kidneys under high uromodulin concentrations. Thus, PyV-haufen detected in the urine are specific biomarkers for intrarenal disease (ie, definitive PyVN)., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Obstetric sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant people worldwide. Initial evaluation and timely intervention are crucial to improving outcomes for birthing persons and their newborns. While many of the therapies and interventions for peripartum sepsis are consistent with the general population, there are considerations unique to pregnancy. Stabilization of the septic pregnant or immediately postpartum patient requires an understanding of the physiologic changes of pregnancy, hemodynamic changes during labor, and infections specific to pregnancy. We will review the interaction between pregnant physiology and sepsis pathophysiology, and how this can guide screening and diagnosis., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS 2 , hold great promise for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics due to their unique properties. However, the ultrathin nature of these materials renders them vulnerable to structural defects and environmental factors, which significantly impact their performance. Sulfur vacancies (V S ) are the most common intrinsic defects in MoS 2 , and their impact on device performance in oxidising environments remains understudied. This study investigates the impact of V S defects on the photoresponsivity of CVD-grown monolayer MoS 2 devices, when exposed to oxidising environments at high temperatures. Our findings reveal a dynamic process of defect generation and healing through oxygen passivation, leading to a significant difference in photocurrent between environments. Temperature-dependent analysis shows defect healing and a notable reduction in defect density upon cooling. This study provides crucial insights into the stability and performance of 2D materials-based devices under varying environmental conditions, essential for designing and controlling the performance of TMD-based devices. Our results pave the way for the development of robust and reliable 2D materials-based electronics and optoelectronics.

Abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. However, conventional TMS typically utilises a one-size-fits-all approach when determining stimulation targets. Recent retrospective brain circuit-based analyses using lesion network mapping have suggested that a left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex target has a higher efficacy for alleviating depression symptoms, a dorsomedial prefrontal cortex target is more effective for anxiety symptoms, and a rostromedial prefrontal cortex target is effective for schizophrenia-associated psychiatric symptoms. Nonetheless, symptom-specific brain circuit targeting has not been tested prospectively. We conducted a narrative review of selected literature to investigate individualised targeting for TMS and discuss potential future directions to elucidate the efficacy of this approach., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Singapore Medical Journal.)

Air pollution and climate change are two complementary forces that directly or indirectly affect the environment's physical, chemical, and biological processes. The air quality index is a parameter defined to cope with this effect of air pollution. This study delves deeper into predicting this AQI parameter using multiple machine learning-based models. The AQI pollutants considered for this study are particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ), SO 2 , and NO 2 . It also tries to develop a comparative analysis of two different machine learning (ML) models viz. a viz. XGBoost and Lasso regression. An ever-changing emission concentration of pollutants is displayed by this study conducted in the urban city of Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh, India. The validation of prediction accuracies of models was done over several statistical metrics. The value of the R 2 metric for XGBoost (0.9985) is comparatively more than the R 2 value for Lasso regression (0.9218) indicating lesser variance and higher accuracy of XGBoost in predicting AQI. Various statistical measures are taken into consideration in this study, including mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), T-test and p-values, and confidence intervals (CI). An increased degree of model accuracy is suggested as XGBoost's MAE, MSE, and RMSE values are significantly lower than Lasso's. Statistically significant performance differences between the XGBoost and Lasso regression models are demonstrated by T-statistics and p-values for MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R 2 ., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The ecological environment of Northeast region of India (NER), with its high humidity, has resulted in greater speciation and genetic diversity of plant, animal, and microbial species. This region is not only rich in ethnic and cultural diversity, but it is also a major biodiversity hotspot. The sustainable use of these bioresources can contribute to the region's bioeconomic development., Aim of the Study: The review aimed to deliver various perspectives on the development of bioeconomy from NER bioresources under the tenets of sustainable utilization and socioeconomic expansion., Materials and Methods: Relevant information related to prospects of the approaches and techniques pertaining to the sustainable use of ethnomedicine resources for the growth of the bioeconomy were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Springer from 1984 to 2023. All the appropriate abstracts, full-text articles and various book chapters on bioeconomy and ethnopharmacology were conferred., Result: As the population grows, so does the demand for basic necessities such as food, health, and energy resources, where insufficient resource utilization and unsustainable pattern of material consumption cause impediments to economic development. On the other hand, the bioeconomy concept leads to "the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value-added products., Conclusions: In this context, major emphasis should be placed on strengthening the economy's backbone in order to ensure sustainable use of these resources and livelihood security; in other words, it can boost the bio-economy by empowering the local people in general., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The yield of repeat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing for intrapartum fever in patients admitted to labor and delivery negative for SARS-CoV-2 on admission testing is unknown. From October 2020 to June 2022, we performed a retrospective study of 151/3,168 (4.8%) patients who had repeat testing for intrapartum fever. One (0.7%) patient was SARS-CoV-2-positive suggesting repeat SARS-CoV-2 testing for intrapartum fever is generally not warranted nor is separating birthing dyads while awaiting test results., (Copyright © 2024 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A quaternary ammonium and alcohol-based disinfectant with reported continuous activity demonstrated reduced microbial buildup on surfaces over time compared to routine disinfectants without continuous activity in in vitro and hospital studies. We compared these disinfectants in ambulatory settings and found no difference in bioburden on high-touch surfaces over time.