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21. Sarcocystis

Author

Singh, B.B., primary, Sharma, R., additional, and Jenkins, E., additional

Published
2018
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23. Species Diversity of Spiders from Bidhuna Tehsil of Auraiya District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Author

Dixit Yogesh Babu and Singh B.B.

Abstract

A total of 37 species of spiders belonging to 12 families and 27 genera were recorded in the Bidhuna tehsil of district Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh, India during the present study. Among them, the family Araneidae included almost half of the species (46.94%) followed by Salticidae (12.24%) and rest of the families comprised less than 10% of the species. This is the first attempt to report the spider assemblages from one of the southwestern district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Such surveys are vital for conservation of these creatures which are helpful for natural pest control and regarded as good indicators of habitat quality.

Published
2022
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30. Introducing the CTA concept

Author

Acharya, B.S., Actis, M., Aghajani, T., Agnetta, G., Aguilar, J., Aharonian, F., Ajello, M., Akhperjanian, A., Alcubierre, M., Aleksić, J., Alfaro, R., Aliu, E., Allafort, A.J., Allan, D., Allekotte, I., Amato, E., Anderson, J., Angüner, E.O., Antonelli, L.A., Antoranz, P., Aravantinos, A., Arlen, T., Armstrong, T., Arnaldi, H., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ashton, T., Asorey, H.G., Awane, Y., Baba, H., Babic, A., Baby, N., Bähr, J., Bais, A., Baixeras, C., Bajtlik, S., Balbo, M., Balis, D., Balkowski, C., Bamba, A., Bandiera, R., Barber, A., Barbier, C., Barceló, M., Barnacka, A., Barnstedt, J., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J.A., Basili, A., Basso, S., Bastieri, D., Bauer, C., Baushev, A., Becerra, J., Becherini, Y., Bechtol, K.C., Becker Tjus, J., Beckmann, V., Bednarek, W., Behera, B., Belluso, M., Benbow, W., Berdugo, J., Berger, K., Bernard, F., Bernardino, T., Bernlöhr, K., Bhat, N., Bhattacharyya, S., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Billotta, S., Bird, T., Birsin, E., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Bitossi, M., Blake, S., Blanch Bigas, O., Blasi, P., Bobkov, A., Boccone, V., Boettcher, M., Bogacz, L., Bogart, J., Bogdan, M., Boisson, C., Boix Gargallo, J., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonev, T., Bonifacio, P., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borgland, A., Borkowski, J., Bose, R., Botner, O., Bottani, A., Bouchet, L., Bourgeat, M., Boutonnet, C., Bouvier, A., Brau-Nogué, S., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Briggs, M., Bringmann, T., Brook, P., Brun, P., Brunetti, L., Buanes, T., Buckley, J., Buehler, R., Bugaev, V., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Byrum, K., Cailles, M., Cameron, R., Camprecios, J., Canestrari, R., Cantu, S., Capalbi, M., Caraveo, P., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carr, J., Carton, P.-H., Casanova, S., Casiraghi, M., Catalano, O., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, S., Cerruti, M., Chabanne, E., Chadwick, P., Champion, C., Chen, A., Chiang, J., Chiappetti, L., Chikawa, M., Chitnis, V.R., Chollet, F., Chudoba, J., Cieślar, M., Cillis, A., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Colafrancesco, S., Colin, P., Colome, J., Colonges, S., Compin, M., Conconi, P., Conforti, V., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Contreras, J.L., Coppi, P., Corona, P., Corti, D., Cortina, J., Cossio, L., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Courty, B., Couturier, S., Covino, S., Crimi, G., Criswell, S.J., Croston, J., Cusumano, G., Dafonseca, M., Dale, O., Daniel, M., Darling, J., Davids, I., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E.M., de la Calle, I., De La Vega, G.A., de los Reyes Lopez, R., De Lotto, B., De Luca, A., de Mello Neto, J.R.T., de Naurois, M., de Oliveira, Y., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., de Souza, V., Decerprit, G., Decock, G., Deil, C., Delagnes, E., Deleglise, G., Delgado, C., Della Volpe, D., Demange, P., Depaola, G., Dettlaff, A., Di Paola, A., Di Pierro, F., Díaz, C., Dick, J., Dickherber, R., Dickinson, H., Diez-Blanco, V., Digel, S., Dimitrov, D., Disset, G., Djannati-Ataï, A., Doert, M., Dohmke, M., Domainko, W., Dominis Prester, D., Donat, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J.-L., Drake, G., Dravins, D., Drury, L., Dubois, F., Dubois, R., Dubus, G., Dufour, C., Dumas, D., Dumm, J., Durand, D., Dyks, J., Dyrda, M., Ebr, J., Edy, E., Egberts, K., Eger, P., Einecke, S., Eleftheriadis, C., Elles, S., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Engelhaupt, D., Enomoto, R., Ernenwein, J.-P., Errando, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evans, P., Falcone, A., Fantinel, D., Farakos, K., Farnier, C., Fasola, G., Favill, B., Fede, E., Federici, S., Fegan, S., Feinstein, F., Ferenc, D., Ferrando, P., Fesquet, M., Fiasson, A., Fillin-Martino, E., Fink, D., Finley, C., Finley, J.P., Fiorini, M., Firpo Curcoll, R., Flores, H., Florin, D., Focke, W., Föhr, C., Fokitis, E., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Fornasa, M., Förster, A., Fortson, L., Fouque, N., Franckowiak, A., Fransson, C., Fraser, G., Frei, R., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Fresnillo, L., Fruck, C., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Gäbele, W., Gabici, S., Gabriele, R., Gadola, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gallant, Y., Gámez-García, J., García, B., Garcia López, R., Gardiol, D., Garrido, D., Garrido, L., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gaweda, J., Gebremedhin, L., Geffroy, N., Gerard, L., Ghedina, A., Ghigo, M., Giannakaki, E., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, S., Giavitto, G., Giebels, B., Gika, V., Giommi, P., Girard, N., Giro, E., Giuliani, A., Glanzman, T., Glicenstein, J.-F., Godinovic, N., Golev, V., Gomez Berisso, M., Gómez-Ortega, J., Gonzalez, M.M., González, A., González, F., González Muñoz, A., Gothe, K.S., Gougerot, M., Graciani, R., Grandi, P., Grañena, F., Granot, J., Grasseau, G., Gredig, R., Green, A., Greenshaw, T., Grégoire, T., Grimm, O., Grube, J., Grudzinska, M., Gruev, V., Grünewald, S., Grygorczuk, J., Guarino, V., Gunji, S., Gyuk, G., Hadasch, D., Hagiwara, R., Hahn, J., Hakansson, N., Hallgren, A., Hamer Heras, N., Hara, S., Hardcastle, M.J., Harris, J., Hassan, T., Hatanaka, K., Haubold, T., Haupt, A., Hayakawa, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, R., Henault, F., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hermel, R., Herrero, A., Hidaka, N., Hinton, J., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Hofverberg, P., Holder, J., Horns, D., Horville, D., Houles, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Huan, H., Huber, B., Huet, J.-M., Hughes, G., Humensky, T.B., Huovelin, J., Ibarra, A., Illa, J.M., Impiombato, D., Incorvaia, S., Inoue, S., Inoue, Y., Ioka, K., Ismailova, E., Jablonski, C., Jacholkowska, A., Jamrozy, M., Janiak, M., Jean, P., Jeanney, C., Jimenez, J.J., Jogler, T., Johnson, T., Journet, L., Juffroy, C., Jung, I., Kaaret, P., Kabuki, S., Kagaya, M., Kakuwa, J., Kalkuhl, C., Kankanyan, R., Karastergiou, A., Kärcher, K., Karczewski, M., Karkar, S., Kasperek, J., Kastana, D., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Kawanaka, N., Kellner-Leidel, B., Kelly, H., Kendziorra, E., Khélifi, B., Kieda, D.B., Kifune, T., Kihm, T., Kishimoto, T., Kitamoto, K., Kluźniak, W., Knapic, C., Knapp, J., Knödlseder, J., Köck, F., Kocot, J., Kodani, K., Köhne, J.-H., Kohri, K., Kokkotas, K., Kolitzus, D., Komin, N., Kominis, I., Konno, Y., Köppel, H., Korohoda, P., Kosack, K., Koss, G., Kossakowski, R., Kostka, P., Koul, R., Kowal, G., Koyama, S., Kozioł, J., Krähenbühl, T., Krause, J., Krawzcynski, H., Krennrich, F., Krepps, A., Kretzschmann, A., Krobot, R., Krueger, P., Kubo, H., Kudryavtsev, V.A., Kushida, J., Kuznetsov, A., La Barbera, A., La Palombara, N., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lacombe, K., Lamanna, G., Lande, J., Languignon, D., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lavalley, C., Le Flour, T., Le Padellec, A., Lee, S.-H., Lee, W.H., Leigui de Oliveira, M.A., Lelas, D., Lenain, J.-P., Leopold, D.J., Lerch, T., Lessio, L., Lieunard, B., Lindfors, E., Liolios, A., Lipniacka, A., Lockart, H., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Lopatin, A., Lopez, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorca, A., Lorenz, E., Lubinski, P., Lucarelli, F., Lüdecke, H., Ludwin, J., Luque-Escamilla, P.L., Lustermann, W., Luz, O., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M.C., Maccarone, T.J., Madejski, G.M., Madhavan, A., Mahabir, M., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Maltezos, S., Manalaysay, A., Mancilla, A., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Mangano, A., Manigot, P., Mannheim, K., Manthos, I., Maragos, N., Marcowith, A., Mariotti, M., Marisaldi, M., Markoff, S., Marszałek, A., Martens, C., Martí, J., Martin, J.-M., Martin, P., Martínez, G., Martínez, F., Martínez, M., Masserot, A., Mastichiadis, A., Mathieu, A., Matsumoto, H., Mattana, F., Mattiazzo, S., Maurin, G., Maxfield, S., Maya, J., Mazin, D., Mc Comb, L., McCubbin, N., McHardy, I., McKay, R., Medina, C., Melioli, C., Melkumyan, D., Mereghetti, S., Mertsch, P., Meucci, M., Michałowski, J., Micolon, P., Mihailidis, A., Mineo, T., Minuti, M., Mirabal, N., Mirabel, F., Miranda, J.M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Moal, B., Moderski, R., Mognet, I., Molinari, E., Molinaro, M., Montaruli, T., Monteiro, I., Moore, P., Moralejo Olaizola, A., Mordalska, M., Morello, C., Mori, K., Mottez, F., Moudden, Y., Moulin, E., Mrusek, I., Mukherjee, R., Munar-Adrover, P., Muraishi, H., Murase, K., Murphy, A., Nagataki, S., Naito, T., Nakajima, D., Nakamori, T., Nakayama, K., Naumann, C., Naumann, D., Naumann-Godo, M., Nayman, P., Nedbal, D., Neise, D., Nellen, L., Neustroev, V., Neyroud, N., Nicastro, L., Nicolau-Kukliński, J., Niedźwiecki, A., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nikolaidis, A., Nishijima, K., Nolan, S., Northrop, R., Nosek, D., Nowak, N., Nozato, A., O’Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Ohoka, H., Okuda, T., Okumura, A., Olive, J.-F., Ong, R.A., Orito, R., Orr, M., Osborne, J., Ostrowski, M., Otero, L.A., Otte, N., Ovcharov, E., Oya, I., Ozieblo, A., Padilla, L., Paiano, S., Paillot, D., Paizis, A., Palanque, S., Palatka, M., Pallota, J., Panagiotidis, K., Panazol, J.-L., Paneque, D., Panter, M., Paoletti, R., Papayannis, A., Papyan, G., Paredes, J.M., Pareschi, G., Parks, G., Parraud, J.-M., Parsons, D., Paz Arribas, M., Pech, M., Pedaletti, G., Pelassa, V., Pelat, D., Perez, M.d.C., Persic, M., Petrucci, P.-O., Peyaud, B., Pichel, A., Pita, S., Pizzolato, F., Platos, Ł., Platzer, R., Pogosyan, L., Pohl, M., Pojmanski, G., Ponz, J.D., Potter, W., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Prast, J., Preece, R., Profeti, F., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Proyetti, M., Puerto-Gimenez, I., Pühlhofer, G., Puljak, I., Punch, M., Pyzioł, R., Quel, E.J., Quinn, J., Quirrenbach, A., Racero, E., Rajda, P.J., Ramon, P., Rando, R., Rannot, R.C., Rataj, M., Raue, M., Reardon, P., Reimann, O., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reitberger, K., Renaud, M., Renner, S., Reville, B., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Ribordy, M., Richer, M.G., Rico, J., Ridky, J., Rieger, F., Ringegni, P., Ripken, J., Ristori, P.R., Riviére, A., Rivoire, S., Rob, L., Roeser, U., Rohlfs, R., Rojas, G., Romano, P., Romaszkan, W., Romero, G.E., Rosen, S., Rosier Lees, S., Ross, D., Rouaix, G., Rousselle, J., Rousselle, S., Rovero, A.C., Roy, F., Royer, S., Rudak, B., Rulten, C., Rupiński, M., Russo, F., Ryde, F., Sacco, B., Saemann, E.O., Saggion, A., Sahakian, V., Saito, K., Saito, T., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sakonaka, R., Salini, A., Sanchez, F., Sanchez-Conde, M., Sandoval, A., Sandaker, H., Sant’Ambrogio, E., Santangelo, A., Santos, E.M., Sanuy, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Sarkar, S., Sartore, N., Sasaki, H., Satalecka, K., Sawada, M., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Scarcioffolo, M., Schafer, J., Schanz, T., Schlenstedt, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schmidt, T., Schmoll, J., Schovanek, P., Schroedter, M., Schultz, C., Schultze, J., Schulz, A., Schure, K., Schwab, T., Schwanke, U., Schwarz, J., Schwarzburg, S., Schweizer, T., Schwemmer, S., Segreto, A., Seiradakis, J.-H., Sembroski, G.H., Seweryn, K., Sharma, M., Shayduk, M., Shellard, R.C., Shi, J., Shibata, T., Shibuya, A., Shum, E., Sidoli, L., Sidz, M., Sieiro, J., Sikora, M., Silk, J., Sillanpää, A., Singh, B.B., Sitarek, J., Skole, C., Smareglia, R., Smith, A., Smith, D., Smith, J., Smith, N., Sobczyńska, D., Sol, H., Sottile, G., Sowiński, M., Spanier, F., Spiga, D., Spyrou, S., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Starling, R., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steiner, S., Stergioulas, N., Sternberger, R., Sterzel, M., Stinzing, F., Stodulski, M., Straumann, U., Strazzeri, E., Stringhetti, L., Suarez, A., Suchenek, M., Sugawara, R., Sulanke, K.-H., Sun, S., Supanitsky, A.D., Suric, T., Sutcliffe, P., Sykes, J., Szanecki, M., Szepieniec, T., Szostek, A., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, K., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Talbot, G., Tammi, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tasan, J., Tavani, M., Tavernet, J.-P., Tejedor, L.A., Telezhinsky, I., Temnikov, P., Tenzer, C., Terada, Y., Terrier, R., Teshima, M., Testa, V., Tezier, D., Thuermann, D., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tiengo, A., Tluczykont, M., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tokanai, F., Tokarz, M., Toma, K., Torii, K., Tornikoski, M., Torres, D.F., Torres, M., Tosti, G., Totani, T., Toussenel, F., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trifoglio, M., Troyano, I., Tsinganos, K., Ueno, H., Umehara, K., Upadhya, S.S., Usher, T., Uslenghi, M., Valdes-Galicia, J.F., Vallania, P., Vallejo, G., van Driel, W., van Eldik, C., Vandenbrouke, J., Vanderwalt, J., Vankov, H., Vasileiadis, G., Vassiliev, V., Veberic, D., Vegas, I., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Veyssiére, C., Vialle, J.P., Viana, A., Videla, M., Vincent, P., Vincent, S., Vink, J., Vlahakis, N., Vlahos, L., Vogler, P., Vollhardt, A., von Gunten, H.-P., Vorobiov, S., Vuerli, C., Waegebaert, V., Wagner, R., Wagner, R.G., Wagner, S., Wakely, S.P., Walter, R., Walther, T., Warda, K., Warwick, R., Wawer, P., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wegner, P., Weinstein, A., Weitzel, Q., Welsing, R., Werner, M., Wetteskind, H., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wiesand, S., Wilkinson, M., Williams, D.A., Willingale, R., Winiarski, K., Wischnewski, R., Wiśniewski, Ł., Wood, M., Wörnlein, A., Xiong, Q., Yadav, K.K., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yebras, J.M., Yelos, D., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zabalza, V., Zacharias, M., Zajczyk, A., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhao, A., Zhou, X., Ziętara, K., Ziolkowski, J., Ziółkowski, P., Zitelli, V., Zurbach, C., and Żychowski, P.

Published
2013
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43. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018.

Author

Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong 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P., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L.D., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Rezahosseini O., Rezapour A., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roba H.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rostamian M., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salam N., Salem M.R., Kafil H.S., Santos I.S., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shahid I., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Shalash A.S., Shamali M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi A., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R.S., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty A., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Malleshappa S.K.S., Siddiqi T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.

Abstract

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2022

45. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Paulson, K. R., Kamath, A. M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G. G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S. M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adamu, A. L., Adebayo, O. M., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adeyinka, D. A., Adsuar, J. C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O. O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alumran, A. K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Ameyaw, E. K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. 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R., Burkart, K., Nagaraja, S. B., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., dos Santos, F. L. C., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Camera, L. A., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C., Chanie, W. F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S. K., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J-Y. J., Chu, D-T., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V. M., Couto, R. A. S., Dachew, B. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G. L., Das, J. K., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davis, A. C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G. P., da Silva, D. D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edinur, H. A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P. S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N. K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R. C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S. D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Gordillo, M., Gardner, W. M., Fonseca, M. G., Gebremedhin, K. B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T. K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H. C., Guido, D., Guimaraes, R. A., Das Gupta, R., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M. R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. 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K., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y-H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. L. K., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L-L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R-T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Kunjathur, S. M., Magnani, F. G., Prasad, D. R. M., Maheri, M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masoumi, S. Z., Maulik, P. K., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J. J., Medina-Solis, C. E., Nasab, E. M., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mersha, A. M., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T.R., Mini, G. K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, .E M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadi, S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moni, M. A., Moore, C. E., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Khaneghah, A. M., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagaraju, S. P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Swamy, S. N., Nascimento, B. 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Subjects
Male, Perinatal care, Newborn care, STILLBIRTHS, RJ101, UNDER-5 MORTALITY, Psychological intervention, 010501 environmental sciences, Infant mortality, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Cause of Death, Infant Mortality, Global health, Life Tables, Healthcare improvements, 030212 general & internal medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Child, COVID-19, Humans, Infant, SARS-CoV-2, Sustainable Development, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, Life Table, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, Mortality analyses, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, SDG 1 - No Poverty, Child Mortality, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Child mortality, COUNTRIES, DEATHS, Infants -- Mortalitat, GBD, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Life tables, under-5 mortality rate, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, Neonatal deaths, medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Medicine [Science], Infants -- Salut, Preschool, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Infants nadons -- Salut, business.industry, Infants nadons -- Mortalitat, INFORM, Infant, Newborn, Neonatal and child health, Sustainable Development Goal 3.2, GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators, medicine.disease, Newborn, TRENDS, Sustainable Development Goal, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Deaths, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, RG, business, Systematic Analysis, Malaria, Demography
Abstract

Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. This article was supported by the European Research Council, ERC 848325. Alberto Ortiz was supported by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009). Daniela Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support from the European Union [FEDER funds through COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). Joan B Soriano acknowledges support from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Published
2021
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