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5. ATF3 is a neuron-specific biomarker for spinal cord injury and ischaemic stroke.

Author

Wang, Zhanqiang, Sun, Wei, Pan, Peipei, Li, Wei, Sun, Yongtao, Chen, Shoulin, Lin, Amity, Tan, Wulin, He, Liangliang, Greene, Jacob, Yao, Virginia, An, Lijun, Liang, Rich, Li, Qifeng, Yu, Jessica, Zhang, Lingyi, Kyritsis, Nikolaos, Fernandez, Xuan, Moncivais, Sara, Mendoza, Esmeralda, Fung, Pamela, Wang, Gongming, Niu, Xinhuan, Du, Qihang, Xiao, Zhaoyang, Chang, Yuwen, Lv, Peiyuan, Huie, J, Torres-Espin, Abel, Ferguson, Adam, Hemmerle, Debra, Talbott, Jason, Weinstein, Philip, Pascual, Lisa, Singh, Vineeta, DiGiorgio, Anthony, Saigal, Rajiv, Manley, Geoffrey, Dhall, Sanjay, Bresnahan, Jacqueline, Jiang, Xiangning, Singhal, Neel, Beattie, Michael, Su, Hua, Maze, Mervyn, Guan, Zhonghui, Pan, Jonathan, and Whetstone, William

Subjects
activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), biomarker, neuronal injury, neuroprotection, spinal cord injury, stroke, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Activating Transcription Factor 3, Biomarkers, Disease Models, Animal, Ischemic Stroke, Mice, Knockout, Neurons, Spinal Cord Injuries
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although many molecules have been investigated as biomarkers for spinal cord injury (SCI) or ischemic stroke, none of them are specifically induced in central nervous system (CNS) neurons following injuries with low baseline expression. However, neuronal injury constitutes a major pathology associated with SCI or stroke and strongly correlates with neurological outcomes. Biomarkers characterized by low baseline expression and specific induction in neurons post-injury are likely to better correlate with injury severity and recovery, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CNS injuries compared to non-neuronal markers or pan-neuronal markers with constitutive expressions. METHODS: In animal studies, young adult wildtype and global Atf3 knockout mice underwent unilateral cervical 5 (C5) SCI or permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Gene expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR, while protein expression was detected through immunostaining. Serum ATF3 levels in animal models and clinical human samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a molecular marker for injured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, was not expressed in spinal cord or cortex of naïve mice but was induced specifically in neurons of the spinal cord or cortex within 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke, respectively. Additionally, ATF3 protein levels in mouse blood significantly increased 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke. Importantly, ATF3 protein levels in human serum were elevated in clinical patients within 24 hours after SCI or ischemic stroke. Moreover, Atf3 knockout mice, compared to the wildtype mice, exhibited worse neurological outcomes and larger damage regions after SCI or ischemic stroke, indicating that ATF3 has a neuroprotective function. CONCLUSIONS: ATF3 is an easily measurable, neuron-specific biomarker for clinical SCI and ischemic stroke, with neuroprotective properties. HIGHLIGHTS: ATF3 was induced specifically in neurons of the spinal cord or cortex within 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke, respectively. Serum ATF3 protein levels are elevated in clinical patients within 24 hours after SCI or ischemic stroke. ATF3 exhibits neuroprotective properties, as evidenced by the worse neurological outcomes and larger damage regions observed in Atf3 knockout mice compared to wildtype mice following SCI or ischemic stroke.

Published
2024

11. The Impact of Cloud Computing on Plant Health Monitoring

Author

Koli, Sakshi, Gehlot, Anita, Singh, Vineeta, Singh, Rajesh, Singh, Suruchi, Joshi, Kapil, Kaushik, Vandana Dixit, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Rathore, Vijay Singh, editor, Tavares, Joao Manuel R. S., editor, Surendiran, B., editor, and Yadav, Anil, editor

Published
2024
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12. Emergency Evacuation Information System Using IoT

Author

Ahmad, Anzar, Singh, Vineeta, Joshi, Kapil, Sindhu, Kawerinder Singh, Singh, Suruchi, Kaushik, Vandana Dixit, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Rathore, Vijay Singh, editor, Tavares, Joao Manuel R. S., editor, Surendiran, B., editor, and Yadav, Anil, editor

Published
2024
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13. RMODCNN: A Novel Plant Disease Prediction Framework

Author

Singh, Vineeta, Kaushik, Vandana Dixit, Kumar, Alok, Verma, Deepak Kumar, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Fortino, Giancarlo, editor, Kumar, Akshi, editor, Swaroop, Abhishek, editor, and Shukla, Pancham, editor

Published
2024
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28. Preface

Author

Dasgupta, Nandita, primary, Singh, Vineeta, additional, Ranjan, Shivendu, additional, Mishra, Taijshee, additional, and Nath Mishra, Bhartendu, additional

Published
2024
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34. Contributors

Author

Abdallah, Wafaa E., primary, Abdel Aal, Mohamed H., additional, Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A., additional, Aguirre-Becerra, Humberto, additional, Ahmad, Furqan, additional, Ahmad, Junaid, additional, Akram, Umar, additional, Albalwe, Fauzeya Mateq, additional, Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah, additional, Arif, Muhammad Saleem, additional, Ashfaq, Muhammad, additional, Badshah, Lal, additional, Banerjee, Debdulal, additional, Basit, Abdul, additional, Bayram, Sinan, additional, Behar, Neha, additional, Behera, Anindita, additional, Caltzonzin-Rabell, Valeria, additional, Chu, Luan Luong, additional, Contreras-Medina, Luis M., additional, Darem, Sabrine, additional, Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin, additional, Dubey, Sumit Kumar, additional, Dutta, Riya, additional, El Hadj-Khelil, Aminata Ould, additional, El-Mahdy, Omima M., additional, Farid, Babar, additional, Feregrino-Pérez, Ana A., additional, Flores-Aguilar, Priscila S., additional, Gacem, Mohamed Amine, additional, García-Trejo, Juan F., additional, Guzmán-Cruz, Rosario, additional, Haidar, Waqas, additional, Haider, Muhammad Zeeshan, additional, Jampílek, Josef, additional, Jha, Yachana, additional, Kamel, Ehab A.R., additional, Khan, Ayesha, additional, Kráľová, Katarína, additional, Kumar, Tijendra, additional, Kurian, Noble K, additional, Li, Wen-Jun, additional, Mathur, Shivangi, additional, Mehmood, Mirza Abid, additional, Mehta, Sahil, additional, Mishra, Shweta, additional, Mohamed, Heba I., additional, Muhammad, Murad, additional, Mushtaq, Iqra, additional, My, Linh Quyen, additional, Narang, Urja, additional, Owolabi, Iyiola O., additional, Pandey, Vimal, additional, Parihar, Rashmi, additional, Petchkongkaew, Awanwee, additional, Prasher, Parteek, additional, Quang, Huy Nguyen, additional, Ranjan, Rajiv, additional, Rauf, Areeba, additional, Rizwan, Muhammad, additional, Saddique, Muhammad Abu Bakar, additional, Sáenz-de-la-O, Diana, additional, Sami, Adnan, additional, Sánchez-Velázquez, Julieta, additional, Santra, Hiran Kanti, additional, Shafiq, Muhammad, additional, Shah, Adnan Ali, additional, Shah, Syed Tanveer, additional, Shahzad, Sher Muhammad, additional, Sharma, Mousmee, additional, Sharma, Samiksha, additional, Singh, Deeksha, additional, Singh, Jagriti, additional, Singh, Vineeta, additional, Syrish, Afira, additional, Tariq, Mohsin, additional, Telli, Alia, additional, Ullah, Inayat, additional, Ullah, Izhar, additional, Umar, Aisha, additional, ur Rehman, Shoaib, additional, Waché, Yves, additional, Wahab, Abdul, additional, and Yasmeen, Tahira, additional

Published
2024
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35. Contributors

Author

Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A., primary, Aguilar-González, Cristóbal Noé, additional, Ahmad, Furqan, additional, Ahmed, Farah K., additional, Alghuthaymi, Mousa A., additional, Arredondo-Valdés, Roberto, additional, Ashfaq, Muhammad, additional, Bodade, Ragini, additional, Boudjemaa, Badreddine, additional, Britto Hurtado, R., additional, Chandrasekaran, Rajkuberan, additional, Choudhary, Anam, additional, Cortez-Valadez, M., additional, de Matos Fonseca, Jéssica, additional, El Hadj-Khelil, Aminata Ould, additional, Elsayed, Alshaimaa M., additional, Farías-Vázquez, Liliana Sofía, additional, Flores-Acosta, M., additional, Gacem, Mohamed Amine, additional, Ganguli, Prabuddha, additional, Gutierrez Villarreal, J.M., additional, Hashim, Ayat F., additional, Horta-Piñeres, S., additional, Iliná, Anna, additional, Ingle, Avinash P., additional, Jamil, Arshi, additional, Karthik, P., additional, Lade, Bipin D., additional, Lonkar, Krutika, additional, Lopes, A.D., additional, Maciel, Amanda Galvão, additional, Martínez-Hernández, José Luis, additional, Mehmood, Mirza Abid, additional, Mishra, Shweta, additional, Moharil, Mangesh, additional, Monteiro, Alcilene Rodrigues, additional, Musheer, Nasreen, additional, Nayak, Pallavi, additional, Othman, Abdelmageed M., additional, Pacios-Michelena, Sandra, additional, Patil, Bhimanagouda S., additional, Ragavan, K.V., additional, Rajiv, P., additional, Ramos-González, Rodolfo, additional, Rauf, Areeba, additional, Rivadavea, W.R., additional, Rodríguez-Herrera, Raúl, additional, Saeed, Sabiha, additional, Saravanaraj, A., additional, Segura-Ceniceros, Elda Patricia, additional, Silva, G.J., additional, Singh, Jagriti, additional, Singh, Vineeta, additional, Taheri, Parissa, additional, Tarighi, Saeed, additional, Terzi, Valeria, additional, Vaidyanathan, Vinoth Kumar, additional, Vijai Selvaraj, Karungan Selvaraj, additional, Vijayalakshmi, V., additional, and Youssef, Khamis, additional

Published
2024
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