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776 results on '"Singh, Sneha"'

1. Associations between exposure to OPEs and rheumatoid arthritis risk among adults in NHANES, 2011-2018

Author

Singh, Sneha, Pirouz, Elsa, and Shahmoradi, Amir

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has an intricate etiology that includes environmental factors as well as genetics. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are frequently used as chemical additives in many personal care products and household items. However, there has been limited research on their potential effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The specific associations between OPEs and RA remain largely unexplored. This study investigates any potential associations between adult rheumatoid arthritis risk and exposure to OPEs. We investigated data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 among participants over 20 years old. In two models, multivariable logistic regression was utilized to investigate the relationship between exposure to OPEs and RA. Furthermore, subgroup analyses stratified by age, gender, and dose exposure response were evaluated. Generalized additive models and smooth curve fits were used to characterize the nonlinear relationship between RA and OPEs. In conclusion, 5490 individuals (RA: 319, Non-RA: 5171) were analyzed. Higher quantiles (Q4) of DPHP and DBUP showed a higher prevalence of RA than the lowest quantiles. Our findings show that adult RA prevalence is higher in those who have been exposed to OPEs (DPHP, DBUP). These correlations seem to be stronger among women, the elderly, those with higher BMIs, and those who have diabetes. The dose-response curve for DPHP and DBUP demonstrated an upward-sloping trend. In contrast, BCEP and BCPP showed a U-shaped relationship and an inverted U-shaped relationship with the probability of RA. BDCPP demonstrates a complex relationship with a peak at lower concentrations followed by a decrease. Our study concludes that exposure to OPEs plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Published
2024

7. Targeting ABCG1 and SREBP-2 mediated cholesterol homeostasis ameliorates Zika virus-induced ocular pathology

Author

Singh, Sneha, Wright, Robert E, Giri, Shailendra, Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja, and Kumar, Ashok

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology and Optometry, Neurosciences, Biodefense, Digestive Diseases, Orphan Drug, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Molecular biology, Virology
Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes severe neurological and ocular abnormalities in infants, yet no vaccine or antivirals are available. Our transcriptomic analysis of ZIKV-infected retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells revealed alterations in the cholesterol pathway. Thus, we investigated the functional roles of ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREPB-2), two key players in cholesterol metabolism, during ocular ZIKV infection. Our in vitro data showed that increased ABCG1 activity via liver X receptors (LXRs), reduced ZIKV replication, while ABCG1 knockdown increased replication with elevated intracellular cholesterol. Conversely, inhibiting SREBP-2 or its knockdown reduced ZIKV replication by lowering cholesterol levels. In vivo, LXR agonist or SREBP-2 inhibitor treatment mitigated ZIKV-induced chorioretinal lesions in mice, concomitant with decreased expression of inflammatory mediators and increased activation of antiviral response genes. In summary, our study identifies ABCG1's antiviral role and SREBP-2's proviral effects in ocular ZIKV infection, offering cholesterol metabolism as a potential target to develop antiviral therapies.

Published
2024

24. Mammalian cell expressed recombinant trimeric spike protein is a potent vaccine antigen and confers near-complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hamster

Author

Jitender, Vikram Kumar, B., Singh, Sneha, Verma, Geetika, Kumar, Reetesh, Mishra, Pranaya M., Kumar, Sahil, Nagaraj, Santhosh K., Nag, Joydeep, Joy, Christy M., Nikam, Bhushan, Singh, Dharmendra, Pooja, Kalidas, Nidhi, Singh, Shubham, Mumtaz, Bhardwaj, Ashwani K., Mankotia, Dhananjay S., Ringe, Rajesh P., Gupta, Nimesh, Tripathi, Shashank, and Mishra, Ravi P.N.

Published
2024
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35. SARS-CoV-2 and its beta variant of concern infect human conjunctival epithelial cells and induce differential antiviral innate immune response

Author

Singh, Sneha, Garcia, Gustavo, Shah, Ruchi, Kramerov, Andrei A, Wright, Robert Emery, Spektor, Tanya M, Ljubimov, Alexander V, Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja, and Kumar, Ashok

Subjects
Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses, Genetics, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Antiviral Agents, COVID-19, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, RNA, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Eye, Conjunctiva, Ocular surface, Inflammation, Viral entry receptors, Opthalmology and Optometry, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Ophthalmology and optometry
Abstract

PurposeSARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in ocular tissues, but their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. Here, we tested whether SARS-CoV-2 can infect human conjunctival epithelial cells (hCECs) and induce innate immune response.MethodsConjunctival tissue from COVID-19 donors was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope proteins. Primary hCECs isolated from cadaver eyes were infected with the parental SARS-CoV-2 and its beta variant of concern (VOC). Viral genome copy number, and expression of viral entry receptors, TLRs, interferons, and innate immune response genes were determined by qPCR. Viral entry receptors were examined in hCECs and tissue sections by immunostaining. Spike protein was detected in the cell culture supernatant by dot blot.ResultsSpike and envelope proteins were found in conjunctiva from COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infected hCECs showed high viral copy numbers at 24-72h post-infection; spike protein levels were the highest at 24hpi. Viral entry receptors ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147, Axl, and NRP1 were detected in conjunctival tissue and hCECs. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced receptor gene expression peaked at early time points post-infection, but gene expression of most TLRs peaked at 48 or 72hpi. SARS-CoV-2 infected hCECs showed higher expression of genes regulating antiviral response, RIG-I, interferons (α, β, & λ), ISG15 & OAS2, cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα), and chemokines (CXCL10, CCL5). Compared to the parental strain, beta VOC induced increased viral copy number and innate response in hCECs.ConclusionsConjunctival epithelial cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beta VOC is more infectious than the parental strain and evokes a higher antiviral and inflammatory response.

Published
2022

37. Design and Implementation of Third and Fourth Order Phase Lock Loop Using Simulink

Author

Singh, Sneha, Deka, Kashmiri, Konwar, Geetamoni, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Borah, Samarjeet, editor, Gandhi, Tapan K., editor, and Piuri, Vincenzo, editor

Published
2023
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45. Gut microbiota–specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis

Author

Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin, Zhou, Xiaoyuan, Baumann, Ryan, Wischnewski, Sven, Kutza, Michael, Rojas, Olga L, Sellrie, Katrin, Bischof, Antje, Kim, Kicheol, Ramesh, Akshaya, Dandekar, Ravi, Greenfield, Ariele L, Schubert, Ryan D, Bisanz, Jordan E, Vistnes, Stephanie, Khaleghi, Khashayar, Landefeld, James, Kirkish, Gina, Liesche-Starnecker, Friederike, Ramaglia, Valeria, Singh, Sneha, Tran, Edwina B, Barba, Patrick, Zorn, Kelsey, Oechtering, Johanna, Forsberg, Karin, Shiow, Lawrence R, Henry, Roland G, Graves, Jennifer, Cree, Bruce AC, Hauser, Stephen L, Kuhle, Jens, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Andersen, Peter M, Schlegel, Jürgen, Turnbaugh, Peter J, Seeberger, Peter H, Gommerman, Jennifer L, Wilson, Michael R, Schirmer, Lucas, and Baranzini, Sergio E

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative, Microbiome, Brain Disorders, Autoimmune Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, B-Lymphocytes, Biomarkers, Biopsy, Brain, Case-Control Studies, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Immunity, Mucosal, Immunoglobulin A, Intestinal Mucosa, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota-specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.

Published
2020

49. Residual Wavelon Convolutional Networks for Characterization of Disease Response on MRI

Author

Sadri, Amir Reza, DeSilvio, Thomas, Chirra, Prathyush, Singh, Sneha, Viswanath, Satish E., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Wang, Linwei, editor, Dou, Qi, editor, Fletcher, P. Thomas, editor, Speidel, Stefanie, editor, and Li, Shuo, editor

Published
2022
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