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Background: Medical education can contribute to the development of depression in medical students which may have possible negative academic and professional consequences. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their relationships to socio-demographic variables among a cross section of medical students of a private medical college in India. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire-based survey was conducted including all students from first to fourth year of a medical college in India. Beck depression inventory was used to assess the level of depression with a score of 12 or higher considered depressive. Additional questions regarding demographic variables were also included in the survey. Data analysis was done on Epi info version 6. Results: A total of 336 students participated giving a response rate of 88%. A total of 49.1% students reported depressive symptoms. It was significantly higher in 1st year (59.3%) and 2nd year (65.6%), as compared to 3rd (34.4%) and 4th year (37.2%) students [p<0. 05]. Substance abuse(p<0.0001), first and second year of study, female sex and language of instruction other than English at 10+2 level were associated factors for the development of depressive symptoms [p<0.05]. A significant negative association was also found between regular exercise and depression (p<0.05). Conclusion: Depression may be a significant hidden problem in Indian medical students and mechanisms to identify and help students with mental health problems should be seriously considered.

The goal is to investigate the potential for employing byproducts from various industrial processes in the creation of ground-breaking mortar and concrete. The dust produced during the marble-cutting operation is put to good use. Different percentages of this garbage were recommended to be used in conjunction with or in place of cement in the making of concrete. The research looked into the possibility of using marble dust, which is produced during the shaping of marble blocks, as a cementitious material in concrete. In areas where they are readily available and can reduce construction costs, the study found that dust from marble slabs could be employed as a cementitious material in concrete mixtures. The discarded marble dust is mixed with cement in proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the standard concrete mix. Both the fresh and hardened characteristics of the produced combinations were investigated. Compressive and tensile strengths were measured after being cured for varying periods of time, both when marble dust was used as a partial replacement and when it was not.

Summary: In this paper, a non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐based precoded quadrature spatial modulation (PQSM) technique (NOMA‐PQSM) has been proposed for the downlink scenario. In NOMA‐PQSM, two intended receiving antennas are activated at any time instant. One antenna is activated for the in‐phase component of the transmitted signal, and another one is activated for the quadrature phase component, on the basis of data bits. NOMA‐PQSM provides benefits like improved spatial diversity and spectral efficiency in comparison with spatial modulation. This work uses zero forcing (ZF) precoding over downlink flat fading Rayleigh multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels, to limit the channel's deteriorating effect on transmitted signal, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. A low complexity receiver based on the successive interference cancellation is used. An expression for the upper bound of average bit error probability is derived. Moreover, the expressions for the sum mutual information of users and its lower bound are also derived. The proposed scheme is compared with the preprocessing aided spatial modulation (PSM)‐based counterpart. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the NOMA‐PQSM scheme outperforms its orthogonal counterpart and the PSM scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]