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1. Ocular biometric responses to simulated polychromatic defocus.

Author

Ravikumar, Sowmya, Harb, Elise, Molina, Karen, Singh, Sarah, Segre, Joel, and Wildsoet, Christine

Subjects
Humans, Adult, Young Adult, Male, Myopia, Female, Biometry, Hyperopia, Photic Stimulation, Axial Length, Eye, Choroid, Accommodation, Ocular, Refraction, Ocular, Eye
Abstract

Evidence from human studies of ocular accommodation and studies of animals reared in monochromatic conditions suggest that chromatic signals can guide ocular growth. We hypothesized that ocular biometric response in humans can be manipulated by simulating the chromatic contrast differences associated with imposition of optical defocus. The red, green, and blue (RGB) channels of an RGB movie of the natural world were individually incorporated with computational defocus to create two different movie stimuli. The magnitude of defocus incorporated in the red and blue layers was chosen such that, in one case, it simulated +3 D defocus, referred to as color-signed myopic (CSM) defocus, and in another case it simulated -3 D defocus, referred to as color-signed hyperopic (CSH) defocus. Seventeen subjects viewed the reference stimulus (unaltered movie) and at least one of the two color-signed defocus stimuli for ∼1 hour. Axial length (AL) and choroidal thickness (ChT) were measured immediately before and after each session. AL and subfoveal ChT showed no significant change under any of the three conditions. A significant increase in vitreous chamber depth (VCD) was observed following viewing of the CSH stimulus compared with the reference stimulus (0.034 ± 0.03 mm and 0 ± 0.02 mm, respectively; p = 0.018). A significant thinning of the crystalline lens was observed following viewing of the CSH stimulus relative to the CSM stimulus (-0.033 ± 0.03 mm and 0.001 ± 0.03 mm, respectively; p = 0.015). Differences in the effects of CSM and CSH conditions on VCD and lens thickness suggest a directional, modulatory influence of chromatic defocus. On the other hand, ChT responses showed large variability, rendering it an unreliable biomarker for chromatic defocus-driven responses, at least for the conditions of this study.

Published
2024

3. UHRF1 overexpression promotes osteosarcoma metastasis through altered exosome production and AMPK/SEMA3E suppression

Author

Wu, Stephanie C, Kim, Ahhyun, Gu, Yijun, Martinez, Daniel I, Zocchi, Loredana, Chen, Claire C, Lopez, Jocelyne, Salcido, Kelsey, Singh, Sarah, Wu, Jie, Nael, Ali, and Benavente, Claudia A

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Cancer, Pediatric, Pediatric Cancer, Rare Diseases, Pediatric Research Initiative, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Genetics, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Loss-of-function mutations at the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene are associated with increased mortality, metastasis, and poor therapeutic outcome in several cancers, including osteosarcoma. However, the mechanism(s) through which RB1 loss worsens clinical outcome remains understudied. Ubiquitin-like with PHD and Ring Finger domains 1 (UHRF1) has been identified as a critical downstream effector of the RB/E2F signaling pathway that is overexpressed in various cancers. Here, we determined the role and regulatory mechanisms of UHRF1 in rendering osteosarcoma cells more aggressive. Higher UHRF1 expression correlated with malignancy in osteosarcoma cell lines, clinical samples, and genetically engineered mouse models. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that UHRF1 has cell-intrinsic and extrinsic functions promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. UHRF1 overexpression induced angiogenesis by suppressing AMPK activation and Semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E) expression. Further, UHRF1-mediated migration and metastasis resulted, at least in part, through altered expression of extracellular vesicles and their cargo, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Novel osteosarcoma genetically engineered mouse models confirmed that knocking out Uhrf1 considerably decreased metastasis and reversed the poorer survival associated with Rb1 loss. This presents a new mechanistic insight into RB1 loss-associated poor prognosis and novel oncogenic roles of UHRF1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and exosome secretion, both critical for osteosarcoma metastasis. This provides substantial support for targeting UHRF1 or its downstream effectors as novel therapeutic options to improve current treatment for osteosarcoma.

Published
2022

6. Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Protein Roles in Epigenetic Regulation.

Author

Guzman, Frederick, Fazeli, Yasamin, Khuu, Meagan, Salcido, Kelsey, Singh, Sarah, and Benavente, Claudia A

Subjects
DNA methylation, E2F, RB1, chromatin, epigenetic, histone modification, miRNA, ncRNA, nucleosomes, retinoblastoma, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Mutations that result in the loss of function of pRB were first identified in retinoblastoma and since then have been associated with the propagation of various forms of cancer. pRB is best known for its key role as a transcriptional regulator during cell cycle exit. Beyond the ability of pRB to regulate transcription of cell cycle progression genes, pRB can remodel chromatin to exert several of its other biological roles. In this review, we discuss the diverse functions of pRB in epigenetic regulation including nucleosome mobilization, histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs.

Published
2020

19. Inequalities in health-related quality of life and functional health of an aging population: A Canadian community perspective.

Author

Singh, Sarah, Goodwin, Shane, Zhong, Shiran, Avan, Abolfazl, Rogers, Kem, Hachinski, Vladimir, and Frisbee, Stephanie

Subjects
*OLDER people, *PRAIRIES, *QUALITY of life, *CANADIANS, *POPULATION aging, *HEALTH equity, *HEALTH of older people
Abstract

Background: Reducing health inequalities among older adults is crucial to ensuring healthy aging is within reach for all. The current study provides a timely update on demographic- and geographic-related inequalities in healthy aging among older adults residing in Canadian communities. Methods: Data was extracted from the Canadian Health Survey on Seniors [2019–2020] for ~6 million adults aged 65 years and older residing in 10 provinces of Canada. Healthy aging was defined by two indices: 1] health-related quality of life and 2] functional health. Poisson regression models and spatial mapping were used to demonstrate inequalities among age, race, and sex categories, and health regions. Results: Approximately 90.3% of individuals reported less than perfect quality of life and 18.8% reported less than perfect functional health. The prevalence of less than perfect quality of life was higher for females [PR 1.14, 95% CI;1.02–1.29] and for older adults aged ≥80 years as compared to males and older adults aged ≤79 years [PR 1.66, 95% CI;1.49–1.85]. Similarly, the prevalence of less than perfect functional health was higher for females [PR 1.58, 95% CI;1.32–1.89] and for older adults aged ≥80 years [PR 2.71, 95% CI;2.59–2.84]. Spatial mapping showed that regions of lower quality of life were concentrated in the Prairies and Western Ontario, whereas regions of higher quality of life were concentrated in Quebec. Conclusions: Amongst older individuals residing in Canadian communities, less than perfect quality of life and functional health is unequally distributed among females, older adults aged ≥80 years, and those residing in the Prairie regions specifically. Newer policy should focus on interventions targeted at these subpopulations to ensure that healthy aging in within reach for all Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Living With Limited Time: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory in the Context of Health Adversity

Author

Sullivan-Singh, Sarah J, Stanton, Annette L, and Low, Carissa A

Subjects
Cognitive and Computational Psychology, Social and Personality Psychology, Psychology, Mind and Body, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Cancer, Breast Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Attention, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Depression, Emotions, Female, Goals, Humans, Memory, Middle Aged, Psychological Theory, Reaction Time, Social Behavior, socioemotional selectivity theory, time perspective, metastatic breast cancer, positivity effect, goal adjustment, Marketing, Cognitive Sciences, Social Psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology, Social and personality psychology
Abstract

The current research was designed to test the applicability of socioemotional selectivity theory (SST; Carstensen, 2006), a life span theory that posits that perceived time remaining in life (time perspective) is a critical determinant of motivation, to individuals who face foreshortened futures (limited time perspective) due to life-limiting medical illness. In Study 1, we investigated whether life goals and biases in attention and memory for valenced emotional stimuli differed between women living with metastatic breast cancer (n = 113; theoretically living under greater limited time perspective than peers without cancer) and similarly aged women without a cancer diagnosis (n = 50; theoretically living under greater expansive time perspective than peers with cancer) in accordance with SST. As hypothesized, metastatic group goals reflected greater emphasis on limited versus expansive time perspective relative to comparison group goals. Hypotheses regarding biases in attention and memory were not supported. Study 2 followed metastatic group participants over 3 months and revealed that, consistent with hypotheses, whereas limited time perspective goals predicted decreased intrusive thoughts about cancer, expansive time perspective goals predicted decreased perceived cancer-related benefits. Together, these studies suggest that SST is a useful lens through which to view some components of motivation and psychological adjustment among individuals confronting medically foreshortened futures.

Published
2015

34. Tailored Mentorship for the Underrepresented and Allies in Radiation Oncology: The Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Equity and Inclusion Subcommittee Mentorship Experience

Author

Germino, Elizabeth A., primary, Saripalli, Anjali L., additional, Taparra, Kekoa, additional, Rattani, Abbas, additional, Pointer, Kelli B., additional, Singh, Sarah A., additional, Musunuru, Hima Bindu, additional, Shukla, Utkarsh C., additional, Vidal, Gabriel, additional, Pereira, Ian J., additional, Williams, Vonetta M., additional, Elmore, Shekinah N.C., additional, Franco, Idalid, additional, Chaurasia, Avinash R., additional, and Rivera, Amanda, additional

Published
2023
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36. Temporal-controlled Frame Swap for Generating High-Fidelity Stereo Driving Data for Autonomy Analysis

Author

Luo, Yedi, Bai, Xiangyu, Jiang, Le, Gupta, Aniket, Mortin, Eric, and Ostadabbas, Hanumant Singh Sarah

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Robotics, Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach, TeFS (Temporal-controlled Frame Swap), to generate synthetic stereo driving data for visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) tasks. TeFS is designed to overcome the lack of native stereo vision support in commercial driving simulators, and we demonstrate its effectiveness using Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), a high-budget open-world video game engine. We introduce GTAV-TeFS, the first large-scale GTA V stereo-driving dataset, containing over 88,000 high-resolution stereo RGB image pairs, along with temporal information, GPS coordinates, camera poses, and full-resolution dense depth maps. GTAV-TeFS offers several advantages over other synthetic stereo datasets and enables the evaluation and enhancement of state-of-the-art stereo vSLAM models under GTA V's environment. We validate the quality of the stereo data collected using TeFS by conducting a comparative analysis with the conventional dual-viewport data using an open-source simulator. We also benchmark various vSLAM models using the challenging-case comparison groups included in GTAV-TeFS, revealing the distinct advantages and limitations inherent to each model. The goal of our work is to bring more high-fidelity stereo data from commercial-grade game simulators into the research domain and push the boundary of vSLAM models.

Published
2023
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45. Mining for Methods: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Methodological Contributions of Feminist Science Scholars for Biomedicine and Public Health Research

Author

Singh, Sarah, Klinge, Ineke, Singh, Sarah, and Klinge, Ineke

Abstract

This is a critical review of the feminist science scholarship that aims to differentiate various feminist approaches to using the concepts of sex, gender, race and/or ethnicity in biomedicine and public health research. With a focus on the conceptual and methodological contributions of various feminist science scholars, we identify three distinctly different feminist methodological frameworks that can be used in the practice of science. This is not an exhaustive review, but rather seeks to identify critical patterns in methodologies used by feminist science scholars to delineate the contribution of each framework and build the capacity of biomedicine and public health researchers and policy-makers seeking to integrate the concepts of sex, gender, race, and/or ethnicity into their work., Das Ziel dieser breiten und kritischen Sichtung feministischer Ansätze ist es, unterschiedliche feministische Perspektiven sowie ihre Konzepte von sex, gender und race bzw. Ethnizität insbesondere für die Forschung im Bereich Biomedizin und Public Health nutzbar zu machen. Wir nehmen die konzeptionellen und methodologischen Beiträge verschiedener feministischer Forschungsrichtungen in den Blick und identifizieren drei verschiedene feministisch-methodologische Perspektiven, die genutzt werden können, um Forschung anders zu betreiben. Dies ist kein umfassender Überblick - vielmehr identifizieren wir zentrale Muster in den Methodologien feministischer Forschung, um den Beitrag der einzelnen Richtungen aufzuzeigen. Dies soll Forscher_innen aus Biomedizin und Public Health sowie Entscheidungsträger_innen darin unterstützen, Konzepte von sex, gender, race, bzw. Ethnizität in die eigene Arbeit zu integrieren.

Published
2022

46. Randomized Ablation-Based Rhythm-Control Versus Rate-Control Trial in Patients With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the RAFT-AF trial

Author

Parkash, Ratika, primary, Wells, George A., additional, Rouleau, Jean, additional, Talajic, Mario, additional, Essebag, Vidal, additional, Skanes, Allan, additional, Wilton, Stephen B., additional, Verma, Atul, additional, Healey, Jeffrey S., additional, Sterns, Laurence, additional, Bennett, Matthew, additional, Roux, Jean-Francois, additional, Rivard, Lena, additional, Leong-Sit, Peter, additional, Jensen-Urstad, Mats, additional, Jolly, Umjeet, additional, Philippon, Francois, additional, Sapp, John L., additional, Tang, Anthony S.L., additional, MacDonald, Paul, additional, Chakrabarti, Santabhanu, additional, Yeung-Lai-Wah, John, additional, Ignaszewski, Andrew, additional, Tung, Stanley, additional, Virani, Shahnawaz, additional, Deyell, Marc, additional, Krahn, Andrew, additional, Andrade, Jason, additional, Straatman, Lynn, additional, Toma, Mustafa, additional, Wong, Graham, additional, Wei, Matthew, additional, Greiss, Isabelle, additional, Raymond, Jean-Marc, additional, Coutu, Benoit, additional, Costi, Paolo, additional, Mansour, Fadi, additional, Saint-Phard, Wouter, additional, Denis, Isabelle, additional, Fleury, Julie, additional, Ayala-Paredes, Felix, additional, Badra-Verdu, Mariano, additional, Dussault, Charles, additional, Vachon, Nadia, additional, Dagenais, Véronique, additional, Lamoureux, Caroline, additional, Healey, Jeff, additional, Connolly, Stuart, additional, Ribas, C. Sebastien, additional, Divakaramenon, Syamkumar, additional, Wong, Jorge, additional, Amit, Guy, additional, Meyer, Wendy, additional, Nault, Isabelle, additional, Champagne, Jean, additional, Sarrazin, Jean-Francois, additional, O’Hara, Gilles, additional, Blier, Louis, additional, Plourde, Benoit, additional, Steinburg, Christian, additional, Roy, Karine, additional, Banville, Paule, additional, Ottinger, Brigitte, additional, Boucher, Marie-Eve, additional, Sanchez, Marina, additional, Dubuc, Marc, additional, Guerra, Peter, additional, Dyrda, Katia, additional, Khairy, Paul, additional, Macle, Laurent, additional, Mondesert, Blandine, additional, Roy, Denis, additional, Thibault, Bernard, additional, Tadros, Rafik, additional, Roy, Véronique, additional, Redfearn, Damian, additional, Abdollah, Hoshiar, additional, Baranchuk, Adrian, additional, Michael, Kevin, additional, Simpson, Christopher, additional, Hammond, Sharlene, additional, Clarke, Brian, additional, Morillo, Carlos, additional, Kuriachan, Vikas, additional, Veenhuyzen, George, additional, Quinn, Russell, additional, Exner, Derek, additional, Howlett, Jonathan, additional, McKeage, Jennifer, additional, Gula, Lorne, additional, Manlucu, Jaimie, additional, Tang, Anthony, additional, Klein, George, additional, Wall, Sabrina, additional, El-Sakka, Yomna, additional, Hadjis, Tom, additional, Bernier, Martin, additional, Joza, Jacqueline, additional, Roux, Jean- Francois, additional, Omelchenko, Alexander, additional, Nascimento, Thais, additional, Rafti, Fiorella, additional, DiStefano, Ida, additional, Parkash, Ratika, additional, Sapp, John, additional, Gray, Chris, additional, Gardner, Martin, additional, Abdel-Wahab, Amir, additional, MacIntyre, Ciorsti J, additional, Rajda, Miroslaw, additional, O’Regan, Patrick, additional, Levins-Lamont, Mary Lee, additional, Lockwood, Evan, additional, Hruczkowski, Tom, additional, Valtuille, Lucas, additional, Chan, Michael, additional, Halenar, Jennifer, additional, McLean, Samantha, additional, Khaykin, Yaariv, additional, Nyman, Lynn, additional, Wulffhart, Zaev, additional, Pantano, Alfredo, additional, Tsang, Bernice, additional, Patterson, Sherri, additional, Nath, Annette, additional, Rinne, Clause, additional, Janzen, Irene, additional, Crystal, Eugene, additional, Lashevsky, Ilan, additional, Singh, Sheldon, additional, Tiong, Irving, additional, Syeda, Ambreen, additional, Tremblay, Anyur, additional, Ha, Andrew C. T., additional, Chauhan, Vijay, additional, Hill, Ann, additional, Nery, Pablo, additional, Birnie, David, additional, Redpath, Calum, additional, Green, Martin, additional, Nair, Girish, additional, Lemery, Robert, additional, Sadek, Mouhannad, additional, MacDonald, Karen, additional, Novak, Paul, additional, Leather, Richard, additional, Swiggum, Elizabeth, additional, Sikkel, Markus, additional, Lane, Chris, additional, Rakochey, Tanner, additional, Patterson, Caitlin, additional, Luz Leiria, Tiago Luiz, additional, Glotz de Lima, Gustavo, additional, Sant’Anna, Roberto, additional, Dutz, Eduardo, additional, Klein Weber, Cristina, additional, Peixoto Deiro, Aline, additional, Hoscheidt, Laís Machado, additional, Linde, Cecile, additional, Saluveer, Ott, additional, Carnlof, Carina, additional, Yu, Chih-Chieh, additional, Chiu, Fu-Chun, additional, Lin, Jiunn-Lee, additional, Huang, Cheng-Yu, additional, Theoret-Patrick, Patricia, additional, Ryan, Janine, additional, Tran, My-Linh, additional, Chen, Li, additional, Singh, Sarah, additional, Wells, George, additional, Newton, Gary, additional, Coyle, Doug, additional, Wyse, George, additional, Cassidy, Dennis, additional, Thabane, Lehana, additional, Mielniczuk, Lisa, additional, Ha, Andrew, additional, Luz Leiria, TIago Luiz, additional, Tzemos, Niko, additional, Mathew, Andrew, additional, Thain, De, additional, MacDonald, Anita, additional, and Shields, Marcia, additional

Published
2022
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48. CE-540-01 EFFICACY OF BURST VS RAMP ATP FOR SLOW VT

Author

Hindi, Mathew, primary, Sandhu, Jeslene K., additional, Schwab, Katerina, additional, Singh, Sarah, additional, Tang, Anthony S., additional, Healey, Jeffrey S., additional, Thibault, Bernard, additional, Sapp, John L., additional, Essebag, Vidal, additional, Nery, Pablo B., additional, Sterns, Laurence D., additional, Birnie, David H., additional, and Bennett, Matthew T., additional

Published
2022
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49. CE-522-01 COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF BI-V VS RV BURST ATP IN TERMINATING VT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC VS ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Author

Hindi, Mathew, primary, Schwab, Katerina, additional, Sandhu, Jeslene K., additional, Singh, Sarah, additional, Tang, Anthony S., additional, Healey, Jeffrey S., additional, Thibault, Bernard, additional, Sapp, John L., additional, Essebag, Vidal, additional, Nery, Pablo B., additional, Sterns, Laurence D., additional, Birnie, David H., additional, and Bennett, Matthew T., additional

Published
2022
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50. BS-400-20 COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF BI-V VS RV BURST ATP IN TERMINATING VT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC VS ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Author

Hindi, Mathew, primary, Schwab, Katerina, additional, Sandhu, Jeslene K., additional, Singh, Sarah, additional, Tang, Anthony S., additional, Healey, Jeffrey S., additional, Thibault, Bernard, additional, Sapp, John L., additional, Essebag, Vidal, additional, Nery, Pablo B., additional, Sterns, Laurence D., additional, Birnie, David H., additional, and Bennett, Matthew T., additional

Published
2022
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