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Purpose: Although the challenges associated with big data are increasing, the question of the most suitable big data analytics (BDA) platform in libraries is always significant. The purpose of this study is to propose a solution to this problem. Design/methodology/approach: The current study identifies relevant literature and provides a review of big data adoption in libraries. It also presents a step-by-step guide for the development of a BDA platform using the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem. To test the system, an analysis of library big data using Apache Pig, which is a tool from the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem, was performed. It establishes the effectiveness of Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a powerful BDA solution in libraries. Findings: It can be inferred from the literature that libraries and librarians have not taken the possibility of big data services in libraries very seriously. Also, the literature suggests that there is no significant effort made to establish any BDA architecture in libraries. This study establishes the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a possible solution for delivering BDA services in libraries. Research limitations/implications: The present work suggests adapting the idea of providing various big data services in a library by developing a BDA platform, for instance, providing assistance to the researchers in understanding the big data, cleaning and curation of big data by skilled and experienced data managers and providing the infrastructural support to store, process, manage, analyze and visualize the big data. Practical implications: The study concludes that Apache Hadoops' Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce components significantly reduce the complexities of big data storage and processing, respectively, and Apache Pig, using Pig Latin scripting language, is very efficient in processing big data and responding to queries with a quick response time. Originality/value: According to the study, there are significantly fewer efforts made to analyze big data from libraries. Furthermore, it has been discovered that acceptance of the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a solution to big data problems in libraries are not widely discussed in the literature, although Apache Hadoop is regarded as one of the best frameworks for big data handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Data Management (RDM) is a complex process and to ensure good RDM practice, one of the ways is to associate or create Data Management Plans (DMPs) with every research project. Interestingly this opens up other challenges such as finding the corresponding DMP for a research dataset. It is sometimes difficult or impossible to find a particular DMP associated with a dataset, which undermines the actual value of DMPs. This is the result of poor metadata management of DMPs throughout their creation using a DMP tool to their archiving. Implementing adequate metadata management for the description and organization of DMPs might solve this issue. We have examined 12 open-source DMP tools, in particular, to evaluate the metadata adopted by these tools. The current study spots and highlights the gaps in the DMP metadata management in DMP tools and suggests DMPFrame as a conceptual framework addressing such gaps to improve the existing tools' DMP metadata management practices. Based on the examined DMP tool's metadata elements analysis and mapping, DMPFrame manages DMP metadata under 6 categories, namely, contributors, project, funding, organization, DMP, and output. The current study also suggests a systematic workflow that DMP tools could incorporate for metadata creation for DMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead is a toxicant that may induce a wide range of social, biochemical, and physiological changes in humans. This study is undertaken to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of dietary supplementation of Averrhoa carambola, fruit extract (ACF) against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Six groups of rats were used in this study namely, control, lead acetate (20 mg kg-1, ip), lead acetate (20 mg kg-1, ip) + 200 mg kg-1 silymarin orally (reference drug), lead acetate + 100 mg kg-1 ACF orally, lead acetate + 150 mg kg-1 ACF orally and lead acetate + 200 mg kg-1 ACF extract orally. All experimental groups except the control received the lead acetate by intraperitoneal route for 5 days and normal saline or silymarin or ACF by oral route employing an orogastric cannula for seven days. Lead intoxication leads to a significant increase in ALT and AST activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), and a significant decline in liver homogenate, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Different doses of ACF supplement, as well as silymarin, led to improving biochemical parameters of serum and liver and prohibited the lead acetate-induced significant changes in plasma and antioxidant status of the liver. ACF or silymarin supplement exhibited more antioxidant activity. Conclusively, the present work results reveals that the treatment of lead-intoxicated rats with A. carambola fruit extract supplement revealed a significant increase in GSH level, CAT, SOD activity, and a decrease in TBARS levels as compared to lead-intoxicated rats, indicating its antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the BFAST model was used to decompose MODIS NDVI time-series and detect negative abrupt changes within trend during the study period (2005 to 2018). These negative abrupt changes were filtered and assigned as disturbances in the selected forest classes. The results showed that on average 15.01% of the forests were disturbed annually and 86.84% area was affected during the whole study period. The selected forests were affected the most in year 2008, 2011, and 2016. The model validation established a strong agreement between measured and estimated disturbance with 92.63% overall accuracy and kappa coefficient value of 0.86. The information about the time, extent, and impact of disturbances derived from remote sensing and GIS might be a critical tool for the degradation evaluation of forest ecosystem and also help in the development of forest management policies for sustainable development of the Himalayan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stimulatory natural killer–dendritic cell axis in the tumor microenvironment could play a critical role in stimulating cytotoxic T cells and driving immune responses against cancer. We established a novel treatment protocol by adroitly combining chemotherapy with doxorubicin and immunotherapy with dendritic cells and natural killer cells against a highly aggressive and malignant lymphoma called Dalton's lymphoma. Our data suggest that binary application of adoptive cell therapy and chemotherapy nearly cures (95%) early-stage experimental lymphoma. In the case of mid-stage cancer, the success rate was significantly lower but still impressive (75%). Our results demonstrated that the application of combination therapy in early-stage cancer significantly reduced the tumor volume and extended the lifespan of the experimental animal in addition to reinvigorating the immune system, including restoring the effector functions of dendritic cells and natural killer cells. The novel protocol limits the metastasis of tumor cells in vascularized organs and rearms the adaptive immune response mediated by dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Combination therapy in the early stage alters the cytokine profile, increases interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum of treated animals and downregulates programmed cell death protein 1 expression in CD8+ T cells. Thus, cooperative and cognitive interactions between dendritic cells and natural killer cells in addition to therapy with doxorubicin promote the immune response and tumoricidal activities against lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is utilized in hip joints because of its high impact strength, outstanding fracture resistance, near‐zero moisture absorption, superior chemical inertness, and lower coefficient of friction than other polymers. However, because of the high melt viscosity of UHMWPE, the melt state approach gives unsatisfactory mechanical strength results. In this research, composite materials are fabricated by heat‐assisted compression molding having graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) used as a filler material in a composition of (UHMWPE + 5 wt% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles) at three different wt% ages (i.e., 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%). Here mechanical characteristics such as flexural, compression, and impact strength measurements according to ISO standards and SEM analysis are used to determine the aggregation of n‐HAp and GNP in UHMWPE. According to the authors' experimental results, biocomposite (with UHMWPE + 5 wt n‐HAp + 1 wt% GNP) has the lowest surface roughness value and excellent mechanical characterization compared to other compositions for hip joint. Flexural and compression strength improve by 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to pure UHMWPE. The multi‐objective optimization based on GRA‐AHP gives a better result at 5 wt% of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 1 wt% graphene nanoparticle reinforced in UHMWPE compared to other alternative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for generating solar chemical and organic transformations under the solar light spectrum, employing polymer photocatalysts. In this study, our aim is to achieve the regeneration of NADH and fixation of nitroarene compounds, which hold significant importance in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The development of an in-situ nature-inspired artificial photosynthetic pathway represents a challenging task, as it involves harnessing solar energy for efficient solar chemical production and organic transformation. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel artificial photosynthetic polymer, named TFc photocatalyst, through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between triptycene (T) and a ferrocene motif (Fc). The TF C photocatalyst is a promising material with excellent optical properties, an appropriate band gap, and the ability to facilitate the regeneration of NADH and the fixation of nitroarene compounds through photocatalysis. These characteristics are necessary for several applications, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation. Our research provides a significant step forward in establishing a reliable pathway for the regeneration and fixation of solar chemicals and organic compounds under the solar light spectrum. Bio-inspired In-Situ Synthesis of Polymer Photocatalyst for Selective Enzymatic 1,4-NADH Regeneration and Nitroarene Fixation. [Display omitted] • Polymer Photocatalyst for Selective Enzymatic Regeneration and Nitroarene Fixation. • Photocatalyst exhibits exceptional optical properties. • Photocatalyst exhibits exceptional photocatalytic performance and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to classify patients of Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS) on the basis of newer classification along with its clinico-radiological correlations. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 25 consecutive patients who fulfilled the new diagnostic criteria for PTCS were enrolled after taking informed written consent. A thorough clinical history, neurological examination and neuroimaging was carried out. Patients were classified into Primary and Secondary PTCS followed by Definite, Probable and Suggested as per new nomenclature. Results: Out of 25 patients, there were 9 patients in the primary PTCS group and 16 in the secondary PTCS group. Mean duration of symptoms was 40.84 ± 45.68 days. Primary PTCS group patients were significantly overweight and had higher BMI as compared to the secondary group with significant number of patients reporting recent rapid weight gain. The CSF pressure and protein were non-significantly higher in the primary PTCS group. We could classify 17 (68%) patients in our study as definite PTCS, 7 (28%) as probable PTCS and suggested PTCS in one patient. In secondary PTCS group there were 16 (64%) patients. APLA positivity was found to be the most common etiology for secondary PTCS with statistical significance (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Early recognition along with appropriate classification and prompt treatment can prevent vision loss in PTCS. Apart from obesity, recent weight gain is also closely related with primary PTCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is a planned and scientific method of increasing knowledge that is typically funded by a country's government or funding agencies. Research activity produces valuable data. Research Data Services (RDS) or Research Data Management (RDM) services are considered vital services provided by an academic library and are focused on the management, archiving, processing, and reuse of critical research data. This study evaluates the current status of the adaptation of RDS or RDM services in Indian academic libraries (which includes a total of 186 institutions, including all of India's Central Universities (54) and Institutes of National Importance (132)). A method triangulation approach was used for the data collection, including a literature survey, library website study, online survey, and telephonic interview with LIS professionals from Indian academic libraries. Academic libraries in India are yet to keep up with those in developed countries in adopting RDM services owing to a lack of RDM policy, institutional support, and technological challenges, according to the data. The study also presents suggestions to decision-makers, higher authorities of academic institutions, and the government to develop a strong RDM policy at both the institutional and national levels defining the role and duties of the libraries in RDM. • This study evaluates the status of RDS/RDM services in Indian academic libraries (N = 186, including all 54 CUs and 132 INIs). • A triangulation approach was adopted for data collection, which majorly includes an online survey and telephonic interview. • Implementation of RDM practices in Indian academic libraries is still in its infancy at both the policy and service level. • Many Indian academic libraries are planning an RDM policy and services within the next 3 years. • Lack of RDM policy, expertise and skills along with IT challenges are the major obstacles that explains this poor state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic separation, dense media suspension fluidization techniques are tested for dry beneficiation of iron ore fines presently and found to have limitations. In the present study, the potential of shallow bed air fluidized separator (SBAFS), which does not have any suspension media and has high throughput is investigated for iron ore fines beneficiation. A set of experiments was designed by response surface methodology. Three parameters air flow rate, vibration frequency, and side tilt were considered for the experimentation. The individual effects of these factors and their interaction on yield and grade of concentrate products were studied. Experimental results show that grade of iron ore fines was enhanced by 5.5% in single stage operation with reasonable yield. Experimental results indicate that SBAFS has a huge potential for iron ore fines beneficiation with the added advantage of the reduction of water consumption during the beneficiation process. In order to understand the segregation of iron ore fines on SBAFS, mathematical equations were derived from the first principle of the force balance equation. Particle trajectories of different densities of mineral phases in iron ore fines were estimated by using the developed model. Simulation of particle trajectories was carried out by MATLAB software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centrifugal fluidised separators play an important role in separating fine-size minerals during the beneficiation process by augmenting the gravity-assisted differential density-dependent settling process by externally applied centrifugal force. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the separation characteristics of a centrifugal fluidised separator, synthetic binary density test systems comprising of quartz and hematite were used. A semi-batch Falcon concentrator was used. The parameters of prime importance identified for this study are rotation speed, fluidising water flow rate and particle size. A set of experiments was performed and responses were measured in terms of mass recovery of hematite particles and separation efficiency. An attempt was made to develop an understanding for the separation characteristics of the concentrator by mathematical formulation. Parametric studies of separation performance were performed both experimentally and through mathematical formulations. Settling velocity, surface minimum fluidisation velocity and critical minimum fluidisation velocity were estimated for the binary density system and experimental response were examined with the help of estimated velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, an attempt was made to establish the separation capabilities and limitations of Falcon Semi-batch concentrator. Experiments were performed with quartz-magnetite and quartz-ferrosilicon binary feed system. Three different feed grades of 5, 10, and 15% magnetite by weight was used to understand the sensitivity of separation efficiency against the feed grade. It was found that separation efficiency is higher for lower feed grade material. Experimental results indicate that the falcon concentrator's performance is poor below the concentration criterion ratio of 3. The Separation efficiency of Falcon concentrator was enhanced from 15.3% to 66.1%, only by increasing the concentration ratio from 2.4 to 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow sheet development of dry beneficiation of coking coal fines of size −1.0 + 0.1 mm using controlled vibro fluidization is the aim of the present study. Process conditions affecting the separation features on air table were identified and detailed individual effects and interaction among the process factors have been quantified. Experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis, and an in-depth understanding of the process was accomplished through various statistical plots. Optimization exercise was also carried out to find the preferred operating regimes to achieve maximum mass yield for the targeted product. Using the in-depth knowledge obtained, flow sheet was developed for coking coal investigated using a multistage operation of the air table for reducing ash in feed sample with 34.5% ash to 15.5% ash. Products in each stage are subjected to sink and float tests to understand the separation efficiency of dry beneficiation on coking coal at each stage. Petrological studies were also carried out to find the enhancement of organic matter in the beneficiated product. From all the studies and interpretations, dry coal beneficiation on coking coal gave a satisfactory result which raised the expectations of commercially using dry beneficiation of coking coal in future as a concentration technique, thereby reducing the consumption of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometric charts have an important role in monitoring fraction nonconforming in high-yield processes where the rate of nonconforming is very low, say, parts per million. Currently, the average number of inspected items (ANI) to give an out-of-control (OOC) signal is preferred to the average run length (ARL) in designing and evaluating geometric charts. The ANI carries more information than the ARL because the former considers the number of inspected units contained in each charting point until a signal occurs. Like ARL, the ANI function possesses bias, which results that the chart requiring more items to be inspected to detect an OOC signal rather than a false alarm. In this article, an ANI-unbiased geometric chart is proposed and its performance is compared with the existing ARL-unbiased chart. The study shows that neither is better than the other for all shifts in the process parameter. The study is also extended to the CCCG chart where a group of samples is inspected instead of individual items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to develop a theoretical concept of multi-property mineral separator (MPMS). In general, most of the conventional mineral separators exploit a single physical property difference for beneficiation. However, the idea behind MPMS is to utilize multiple physical properties of particles in a single separator for beneficiation. Mathematical formulations were developed for conceptual MPMS, where physical properties of particles such as density, magnetic susceptibility, and surface work function will be exploited in a single separator. Simulations were carried out for tracing particle trajectories in MPMS using MATLAB. Simulation results indicate that separation efficiency can be enhanced by exploiting multiple physical properties of particles simultaneously in a single separator. Based on the developed theoretical model of MPMS in the present paper, the fabrication of a prototype separator is under construction. Experimental results and validation using prototype MPMS will be reported in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of Brillouin shifted resonant third harmonic generation of an intense laser of finite spot size in a plasma is investigated. The laser of frequency ω0 and wave number kvector 0 excites an ion acoustic wave of frequency ω≈kcs and wave number kvector ≈2kvector 0, where cs is the ion acoustic speed, in the primary stimulated Brillouin scattering process. The laser also exerts a second harmonic ponderomotive force on electrons. This imparts them an oscillatory velocity v2ω0,2k0. This velocity beats with the electron density perturbation associated with the ion acoustic wave to produce a density perturbation at Brillouin shifted second harmonic. This perturbation couples with the oscillatory velocity vω0,k0 due to the laser to produce Brillouin shifted third harmonic current density and the radiation field. The phase matching is satisfied when plasma density is two third critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new metal complexes of Fe(II) (1), Co(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), Cu(II) (4), and Zn(II) (5), derived from an N-cyclohexyl N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) dithiocarbamate ligand, have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized by different analytical techniques i.e. elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H & 13C NMR, and HRMS. Furthermore, complexes 4 and 5 have been characterized by the SC-XRD technique. Complex 4 adopts a distorted square planar geometry around the Cu(II) center while complex 5 adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Zn(II) center. In addition, an eight-membered symmetric chair-like metallacycle ring containing two Zn(II) centers has also been found in complex 5. XRD data also show that complexes 4 and 5 are stabilized by various weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The course of the thermal degradation of metal complexes 1–5 has been examined by TG-DTA data which revealed that metal sulphide formed as the final residue. Complexes 1–5 demonstrated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and growth inhibition of DL tumor cells. Among the compounds, complexes 1, 4, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity and induced a loss in the viability of DL cells. Therapy with complexes 1, 4, and 5 protects DL tumor-bearing animals from exacerbation of the disease, increases lifespan, and significantly improves the histopathological parameters of the vascularized organ, including preventing metastasis. Overall cytotoxicity assay results indicate that all complexes have remarkable cytotoxic potential in comparison with the free ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing of ultrafine (< 300 µm), high-ash (> 50 %) coal was investigated in a laboratory Kelsey Jig. A set of experiments were designed through design expert software. Four different process parameters were considered for the present study, including pulse frequency, spin frequency, feed flow rate, and ragging size, while other parameters were kept constant. In a single pass through a KCJ, an absolute 8% reduction in the ash with 53% yield was obtained. Statistical modeling studies and process optimization were also performed. Two different process schemes were studied to process the high-ash coal fines involving (a) a Kelsey Jig and (b) a hydrocyclone followed by a Kelsey Jig. It was observed that the removal of particles below 45 µm by a desliming process results in a reduction of 12% ash with 60% yield at the optimized condition. The Ecart probable value was estimated for particle sizes of 300 x 45 micron. The Ecart probable value 0.08 over a particle-size range of 300 µm x 45 µm with a separation density value of 1.86 is indicative of the good separation performance achievable from a Kelsey Jig for high-ash feed coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an undisturbed state, a stress field present in the earth consists of virgin stress in the rock. A change in this stress occurs due to drilling the borehole and disturbing the original stress by either introducing drilling fluids or by getting reservoir flow in the borehole. This change in stress leads to a classical problem of well bore instability. To resolve wellbore instability, evaluation of rock mechanical properties and in-situ stresses is essential. The output of this study is evaluation of safe mud weights which is critical to safe drilling. If the mud weight used for drilling is higher than those predicted by the failure criteria, the mud percolates into the formation, causing tensile failure (fracture stress) which induces fluid losses. Conversely, the lower mud weight results in shear failure (collapse stress) of rock leading to borehole breakout and collapse of wellbore. Three types of failure criteria i.e. Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb and Modified Lade are considered in this study. The stress around the wellbore is obtained using Kirsch equation. The input parameters required for estimating the safe mud weights from these failure criteria are rock mechanical properties, friction angle and cohesion which are estimated from well log data. The rock mechanical properties like Poisson's ratio and Uniaxial Compressive Strength are computed using sonic derived compressional and shear velocities. Internal friction angle is obtained using gamma ray log and is validated with core data before it is used in further analysis. The failure criteria have been applied to two wells located in a field in Gulf of Oman. The analyses show that the Mohr-Coulomb overestimates the mud weight while the Modified Lade criterion underestimates it. The result for a tight gas sand reservoir suggests that the Mogi-Coulomb predicts better mud weight values that are in agreement to those measured values chosen for drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports the structural, dielectric and optical analysis of the M-phase Li 1.1−y Nb 0.9-3y Ti 0.1+4y O 3 (y=0.00, 0.045, 0.09, 0.11, 0.135) solid solutions in the Li 2 O–Nb 2 O 5 –TiO 2 ternary system prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. High density (relative density>91%) ceramics were obtained by sintering the solid solutions at 1100 °C. XRD spectra revealed these ceramics to exhibit hexagonal structure and the superstructure formation was observed for higher Ti content (≥28 mol%) samples. Plate-like shape and closely packed grains were formed with low porosity (≤10%). Particle size was obtained in the range of 392–235 nm using TEM images. Relative permittivity changed from 46 to 31 while temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ranged from −93.5 to 57.5 at 1 MHz frequency. The maximum photoluminous intensity of 203.13 for the emission peak at 453 nm (blue emission) was observed for the sample y=0.00. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Introduction: b Medication-induced angioedema can result in rapid tongue swelling and airway compromise. All patient had rapid reduction of tongue swelling. [Extracted from the article]

The M-phase Li 1+x Nb 1−x Ti x O 3 (x = 0.06, 0.10, 0.14, 0.18) solid solutions have been successfully synthesized in the Li 2 O–Nb 2 O 5 –TiO 2 system by solid state reaction method. XRD patterns of the samples have shown that these possesses hexagonal structure. Spherical shaped and closely packed grains were formed with low porosity (<5%). These ceramics can be considered as low-sintering dielectrics as they were sintered to high density (relative density >94%) at 1100 °C. Particle size was obtained in the range of 401.5–351.3 nm using TEM images. The values of the relative permittivity varied from 42 to 51 while loss tangent ranged from 0.0212 to 0.0701 at 1 MHz frequency. The highest PL intensity of 203.13 that exhibits the blue emission (453 nm) was obtained for the composition of Li 1.1 Nb 0.9 Ti 0.1 O 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that Java is platform independent gives hackers the opportunity to write exploits that can target users on any platform, which has a JVM implementation. Metasploit is a well-known source of Java exploits and to circumvent detection by anti virus (AV) software, obfuscation techniques are routinely applied to make an exploit more difficult to recognise. Popular obfuscation techniques for Java include string obfuscation and applying reflection to hide method calls; two techniques that can either be used together or independently. This paper shows how to apply partial evaluation to remove these obfuscations and thereby improve AV matching. The paper presents a partial evaluator for Jimple, which is an intermediate language for JVM bytecode designed for optimisation and program analysis, and demonstrates how partially evaluated Jimple code, when transformed back into Java, improves the detection rates of a number of commercial AV products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave dielectric ceramics have been used for various applications such as wireless communications including mobile communications, local-area networks, ultra high speed local area networks, intelligent transport systems, satellite communications and consumer electronic products. The continuous trend towards portable, light weight and multifunctional electronic components has motivated scientists to enhance the properties of existing materials and develop new dielectric materials. During the past 3 decades, a lot of research has been taken place in this field. Various low fire systems having sintering temperature ≤1300°C like nickel-niobates, bismuth-niobates, bismuth-zinc-niobates, lithium-niobates and lithium-tantalates have been reported. However, the information on these useful materials is sprinkled. The main purpose of this review is to bring together the data on the low fire M-phase lithium based dielectric ceramics with remarkable dielectric properties. Sintering temperature of all the M-phase Li based solid solution has been reduced from 1100°C approximately to about (9000-850°C) with the help of sintering aids. It should be of great help to researchers and technologists across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry beneficiation of fine coal was investigated using air fluidization in a vibrating air table. A systematic study based on a response surface method of experimentation revealed the features of separation. The ash content of the − 1.0 mm coal feed was reduced from 25.8% to 16.2% with 40.9% mass yield of the clean coal. Optimization was carried out for a target clean coal ash and process conditions were identified for maximum mass yield. A detailed statistical analysis revealed the complex nature of influence of the operating variables on the separation performance. Mathematical models for the mass yield and ash content of the clean coal were developed based on the statistical analysis. The operating regimes for any target product were identified. It was established that complex interaction of the process variables described the separation performance. The longitudinal and transverse velocities of the particles were estimated by considering the components of force due to side tilt, end tilt, vibration frequency and bulk flow. The experimental results were explained in the light of the findings from force balance analysis. A phenomenological description of the separation features of air table has also been given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beneficiation of coal fines of size −1.0 + 0.1 mm using an air table under controlled fluidization was investigated. Widely different feed coals with ash values ranging from 30–50% were shown to respond well to the process. Interactions among process variables towards influencing the separation performance were studied carefully to have a firm control over the process. Detailed statistical analysis of the experimental data was carried out and in-depth understanding of the process was accomplished through various statistical plots. The preferred operating regimes were identified for three different coals to achieve maximum mass yield for targeted product qualities. Flow sheets were developed for all the three coals investigated in order to obtain multiple usable products using a maximum of four stages of operation of the air table. A generalized strategy for dry cleaning of any coal with given characteristics was developed such that application potential of the air table can be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a considerable amount of the research is focussed in carbon capture specifically towards flue gas separations, another area that is of interest is CO 2 /CH 4 separation for the natural gas industries. It is believed that 40% of the world’s reserves of natural gas are sour, and these gas reserves are typically left unexploited due to their high CO 2 content and the costs associated with separation and transport. One recent class of adsorbents, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has been advocated as potential candidates for CO 2 removal from natural gas at high pressure. This can be attributed to their high CO 2 capacities, which could be exploited in high pressure separations. In this work we synthesised ZIFs -8, -14 and -71 and measured CO 2 and CH 4 isotherms over a range of temperatures and pressures. The CO 2 capacity for these materials at 303 K and 45 bar(a) was in the order of ZIF-8 (9.1 mol kg −1 ) > ZIF-71 (8.1 mol kg −1 ) > ZIF-14 (5.0 mol kg −1 ). The CH 4 loading at 303 K and 100 bar(a) was in the order of ZIF-8 (6.8 mol kg −1 ) > ZIF-14 (4.8 mol kg −1 ) > ZIF-71 (4.4 mol kg −1 ). The ideal selectivity of these materials for a 15% mol CO 2 , 85% mol CH 4 feed mixture at 100 bar(a) and 303 K was found to be 5.6 for ZIF-8, 4.5 for ZIF-14 and 13 for ZIF-71. This isotherm data was then used to design and simulate a pressure swing adsorption process for CO 2 /CH 4 separation. Feed CO 2 concentrations between 15% mol and 35% mol were investigated at a condition of 100 bar(a) and 303 K. It was found that only ZIFs -8 and -71 could achieve the 98% mol CH 4 product purity required. ZIF-8 and ZIF-71 were able to achieve CH 4 recoveries of 46% mol and 48% mol respectively. Furthermore, it was also found that ZIFs -8 and -71 behaved very similarly when compared on a volume of adsorbent basis. The CH 4 uptake of ZIF-14 was found to be abnormally high, which resulted in a very low CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. The loading of CH 4 was higher than CO 2 for both the 15% mol and 25% mol CO 2 feed cases, with only the 35% mol CO 2 feed resulting in a higher CO 2 capacity, 4.6 mol kg −1 of CO 2 in comparison to 4.1 mol kg −1 of CH 4 . Although their CO 2 capacities at high pressures are high, there is little discrimination between the adsorption of small molecules. Consequently, their CH 4 loadings also increase substantially at those increased pressures. This results in a poor separation with the CO 2 product becoming diluted with the co-adsorbed CH 4 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segregation pattern for dry beneficiation of fine coal (–1.0 + 0.1 mm) in an air table was investigated. The feasibility of cleaning a high ash (~49%) coal to the ash level specified for application in a thermal power plant (34%) was established. The density (ash) distribution pattern on the deck surface at steady state established the progress of segregation under various operating conditions. The operating regimes for a desired product at suitable mass yield were identified. A strategy was developed to process the high ash thermal coal and the flow scheme was established through which around 47% mass yield of the clean coal was obtained at 34% ash level. A second product was generated which was suitable for application in a fluidized bed combustion unit. A completely rejectable tailing was also obtained with 69% ash having a mass yield of 33%. Thus, it was established that high ash coal fines can be treated efficiently by controlled air fluidization over an inclined porous deck. The present study also brought out the features of separation and how segregation progresses over the deck as the material moves towards the discharge end. The effects of important process variables on the separation performance as well as on the segregation pattern were also established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-ordinated regulation of heat shock proteins is critically important for the stress response of M . tuberculosis, failure of which results in enhanced immune recognition of the tubercle bacilli with reduced survival during chronic infections. In this study, we show that PhoP regulates the transcription of α-crystallin 2 ( acr2), expression of which increases more than any other gene of M . tuberculosis during heat-shock or following macrophage infection. We also show that regulation of acr2 by PhoP is attributable to direct regulator-promoter interactions at specific sites proximal to a sequence motif comprising the target site of another virulence factor, HspR. While both these regulators, on their own, are capable of influencing acr2 expression, remarkably our results show that the two virulence regulators PhoP and HspR interact with each other to influence their in vivo recruitment at the acr2 regulatory region, and in turn, contribute to stress-specific regulation of acr2 expression. We propose a model to suggest how protein-protein interactions between PhoP and HspR influence the regulation of α-crystallin 2, an essential pathogenic determinant of M . tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low grade chromite ore with less than 30% Cr2O3was investigated with a view to enhance its utilization potential. The ore contained olivine, serpentine, and chrysotile as the gangue minerals. The chromite mineral contained alumina, magnesia, and FeO in its lattice. Critical mineralogical assessment indicated that enrichment to a level of 39-43% Cr2O3may be possible. Beneficiation of the ore was undertaken using gravity based methods. Inadequate liberation prevented any significant enrichment at 0.9 mm top size. At 0.3 mm top size, the spiral concentration generated a concentrate with 40.5% Cr2O3from the coarser fraction. The finer fraction was treated in a shaking table to generate another concentrate with 41.6% Cr2O3. The final combined concentrate assayed 41.2% Cr2O3 with a Cr/Fe ratio of 2.27. The middling from both treatments were rich in chromite content and were recommended to be included in the concentrates. Chromite recovery from the coarse reject was also beneficial. It was recommended that 8-10% solids content of the reject stream with 0.02 kg/t of Magnafloc flocculant may be used to achieve best settling characteristics of the reject fines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea sprouts could be sold in markets in a wide range of presentations, from without any kind of packaging until 'ready-to-eat' packages in polymeric film to attractive shrink cup or box packs. The aim of this research was to analyze and quantify the effect of two pre-designed polymeric films package on quality loss of chickpea sprouts in modified atmospheric packaging ( MAP) at constant temperature and relative humidity. Shelf life could be extended by limiting storage temperature variations and respiration rates. Weight loss, discoloration, texture and microbial changes appear to be the primary symptoms for deterioration in quality. Chickpea sprouts were packed in perforated polypropylene ( PP) and low-density polyethylene ( LDPE). Samples were kept in modified atmospheric temperature at 10 ± 1C, 75% relative humidity for 7 days; using unpacked chickpea sprouts as control. Physiological weight loss, pH, hardness, ascorbic acid, seed and hypocotyl color, and yeast and mold counts were determined. The results showed that color intensity and hardness decreases during storage; physiological weight loss in PP packed chickpea sprouts was lower than 1.5%. Modified atmosphere may restrict the spoilage problems caused by molds and yeast. So it may be considered the most suitable packaging material for extending shelf life of chickpea sprouts Practical Applications Fresh chickpea sprout attract market demand due to their low calorie diet, easy digestibility, low cost and highly nutritive source of human food. Due to improper handling, processing and packaging, the shelf life of produce may be greatly reduced. Mismatch packaging reduces the produce quality in terms of shelf life, visual and microbial quality. Temperature, relative humidity and modified atmosphere help to maintain sprout quality by controlling rate of respiration improve shelf life and reduce microbial activity. The present study focused on evaluation of respiratory behaviors of chickpea sprouts by monitoring gas composition O2/ CO2 inside package at 10C and 75% relative humidity normally prevail during transportation, retail and supermarket distribution and the effects of different plastic films and package weight on produce quality. The results of the study suggest that, packing fresh chickpea sprouts in polymeric package could prolong the shelf life, maintain visual quality and reduce degradation. The results could be utilized for proper design of modified atmospheric packages for seed sprouts and prove to be identity of safety and guarantee for consumers and deliver longer shelf life and better hygiene during marketing for producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Ganoderma consists of cosmopolitan polypore mushrooms, many of which can cause different types of rots in plants. Many species of this genus are being used for their medicinal and nutraceutical properties in many countries. The present study provides a comparative evaluation of taxonomy, physicochemical parameters, and chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and G. philippii collected from different localities of Uttarakhand, India. The macroscopic and microscopic characters on the basis of which G. lucidum differs from G. philippii include habit, external basidiocarp characteristics, context, pore tube layers and pores, cutis type, and shape and size of basidiospores. The fruiting bodies of both the species were air-dried and ground to powder, which was analyzed for physicochemical parameters and subjected to qualitative chemical screening. The crude powder was subjected to successive Soxhlet extraction for the preparation of various extracts using different solvents. Physicochemical analysis showed variation with respect to foreign matter, moisture content, ash content, extractive values, absorption properties, emulsion properties, foaming properties, dispersibility, and bulk density. Qualitative chemical screening of various extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Beneficiation of fine coal of size 300×150μm was investigated in a laboratory Kelsey jig. A number of process variables were studied while others were kept constant. Silica sand of size −1.68+0.85mm was used as ragging material to prevent pegging of the internal screen. The thickness of the ragging bed was established to be most crucial in controlling the separation. Rotational speed significantly affected the porosity of the ragging bed and particle momentum which had a contrasting influence on process performance. Pulsation rate determined bed dilation and misplacement of heavier particles. A slip velocity based estimation of the particle momentum indicated that the passage of particles in the intermediate momentum region to the overflow or underflow determined the performance. In a single pass through the Kelsey jig an absolute 7% reduction in the ash content was achieved at over 55% yield. A thicker bed depth was found to facilitate rejection of high ash materials. Models were developed for the response parameters and optimization performed. Operating regimes were identified for roughing or cleaning application of the Kelsey jig for optimum performance. It was established that Kelsey jig could be effective in fine coal cleaning if operated in a controlled manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Raman shifted third harmonic generation of upper hybrid radiation is proposed and studied. In the presence of ambient magnetic field, the plasma wave present in the system produces electron density ripple (perturbation) which couples with the velocity imparted by the nonlinear ponderomotive force at twice the laser frequency producing the Raman shifted third harmonic field. The wave vector of the plasma wave provides the uncompensated momentum necessary for phase matching condition. The applied magnetic field can be adjusted to have the phase matching for the given plasma frequency. The energy conversion ratio from pump to the Raman shifted third harmonic generation of upper hybrid radiation is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Slow crystallization and growth rate at room temperature in the presence of surfactant micelles is a new strategy used to synthesize hierarchical Na–A zeolites. The observed structure of the hierarchical materials was consistent with a two stage growth mechanism. During the early stage of the gel evolution, miniature zeolite gel particles were formed and assembled around surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide – CTAB) micelles. In a second stage, the slow mass transformation into crystalline phase and the low growth rate of the formed crystallites retained the CTAB micelles within the crystallization domain. After the removal of CTAB templates, the products showed large mesopores which were attributed to the interstitial voids between the aggregated zeolite nanocrystallites. The size of the mesopores can be further expanded by using linear hydrocarbons as swelling agents. The influences of the added amount of the hydrocarbons and the length of the hydrocarbon chains on the mesopore size were examined. The effects of the aging period and the concentration of CTAB in the synthesis mixture on the pore size distribution were also investigated. The colloidal suspension of the synthesized zeolite showed negative zeta potential throughout the entire range of pH. The mesoporous Na–A zeolite synthesized in this work showed higher ethylene adsorption capacity as compared to the conventional microporous Na–A zeolite. XRD, DLS, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption at 77K, TEM, 29Si NMR and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the hierarchical Na–A zeolite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Core–shell structures of zeolite X coated with silicalite as well as mesoporous (MCM-41) have been synthesized. Furthermore, the surfaces of the silicalite and mesoporous silica shells were silylated using organosilanes. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the properties of zeolite 13X@silicalite and zeolite 13X@mesoporous silica core–shells composite structures are well maintained even after the modification. As expected, the shell thickness increased with increase in synthesis time, however, the micropore volume decreased. Silylation with smaller organosilanes (trimethyl chlorosilane) resulted in decrease in surface area as they diffused through the pores; however, bulkier silane reacted with surface hydroxyl groups and maintained the pore structure. Contact angle measurements revealed that hydrophobicity of zeolite 13X was enhanced by the microporous and mesoporous shell coating and was further improved by silylation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Myxozoans are important metazoan parasites infecting variety of fishes all over the world. During our study of myxosporean parasites of fishes of Harike wetland, India, Triangula cirrhini sp. nov. and one already known species, Triangula ludhianae (syn. M. ludhainae Gupta and Khera, 1991) were recorded from mucous membrane covering the epithelial lining of primary gill lamellae of Cirrhina reba (Ham.) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes). Spores of the first species, T. cirrhini sp. nov., measure 6.7 × 6.6 μm, triangular, bowl-shaped in valvular view having broad and flattened anterior end and narrow rounded posterior end. 4-5 prominent sutural edge markings (parietal folds) are present around the posterior margin of shell valves. In some spores, 7-8 sutural edge markings are also present all around the circumference. Polar capsules are two, equal measuring 3.3 × 3.1 μm, running parallel to each other, bottle-shaped with fine ducts opening divergently at the anterior corner of the spore. A very large intercapsular process is present. Spores of the second species, Triangula ludhianae (syn. M. ludhianae Gupta and Khera, 1991) measure 8.4 × 6.9 μm, conical in valvular view having broad and flattened anterior end and narrow blunt posterior end. Polar capsules are two, large, equal, measuring 3.3 × 3.0 μm and bottled-shaped with fine ducts opening wide apart at the anterior corners of the spore. An intercapsular process is absent but a crescent-shaped depression is present at the anterior end in the intercapsular space. In the present study, M. ludhianae is transferred to the genus Triangula on the basis of spore morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non local theory of Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) coupled to decay instability in a plasma channel is developed. The primary Langmuir wave, produced in the Raman backscattering process, decays into a secondary Langmuir wave of longer wavelength and an ion acoustic wave. This diversion of energy, along with linear Landau damping of the primary Langmuir wave, slows down the Raman process. The nonlocal effects cause further reduction in the growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a study of myxosporean parasites of freshwater fishes of Punjab Wetlands, India, one new myxosporean species, Myxobolus harikensis sp. nov. was recorded from the caudal fin of Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Plasmodia are small, white, spherical-to-rounded and are present on the caudal fin (in between the fin rays) having two to five spores per plasmodium. Spores of M. harikensis measure 10.1 × 8.5 μm in size, pyriform in valvular view and lenticular in sutural view pointing in the direction to the plane of slightly bent sutural line. Shell valves are thick, smooth, asymmetric and flattened at the sutural plane. Parietal folds are absent. Polar capsules are two, prominently unequal, broadly pyriform-to-rounded in shape and lie at different levels in the spore body cavity. The larger polar capsule is 5.0 × 3.1 μm in size, placed anteriorly on the sutural plane and opening to the exterior anteriolaterally. The smaller polar capsule measures 1.7 × 1.4 μm in size, placed posteriorly, perpendicular to the sutural plane and opening to the exterior mediolaterally. Spores of M. harikensis closely resembles to that of Myxobolus africanus in having polar capsules placed at different levels in the spore body cavity, however, are unique in having unequal polar capsules both discharging laterally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: ETS-4 and ETS-10 titanosilicates were prepared from fly ash and anatase, as silica and titanium sources respectively, via a hydrothermal procedure for the first time. The fusion of fly ash by alkali was carried out at a relatively low temperature and the use potassium fluoride salt was avoided in the synthesis of ETS. The by-product of this process is mainly NaCl, which is a useful source material for industry. The energy efficiency and yield of the synthesis process was improved by directly recycling the final filtrate after recovering the product viz ETS-4. All the ETS materials were characterized in terms of structural morphology, thermal stability and surface/pore properties. The properties of ETS-4 prepared from fly ash by the filtrate recycling method were comparable to that from commercial sources. The results show that ETS type materials can be prepared from cheaper resources, with good purity, comparable physico-chemical properties as well as excellent adsorption properties with lower environmental impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Zeolite A and A + X mixtures were prepared from coal-fly ash procured from China by using an alkali fusion method. X-ray diffraction showed that both the materials were crystalline and reproducible. Scanning Microscopy revealed that pure zeolite A particles have cubic morphology while the mixture shows intergrowth of cubic and pyramidal crystals. The surface area for A + X mixture was around 330 m/g which is higher than zeolite A, however, lower than typical X zeolite. CO and N adsorption isotherms were measured and the data was fitted by the Dual Site Langmuir equation. These zeolites were then tested for CO capture at different temperatures in a process with a nine step cycle. When compared with 13X zeolites at higher temperature (∼90 °C), both the zeolite A + X mixture and zeolite A prepared from fly ash showed better performance in CO capture from flue gas because they have higher selectivity of CO over N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

survey of parasites of freshwater fishes in Harike and Ropar Wetlands of Punjab (India) revealed the presence of two new myxosporean species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Butschli . Spores of the first species, M. duodenalis sp. nov. parasitize the inner wall of the duodenum of Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider) (Cypriniformis: Cyprinidae) vern. mulli are characterized by a broad, pyriform shape with a blunt anterior end and measures 9.0 × 3.20 μm. Spore valves are thin, smooth, and symmetrical with no parietal folds. There are two polar capsules, prominently unequal and pyriform in shape, with a narrow anterior end and a rounded posterior end. The larger polar capsule measures 4.70 × 1.76 μm and the smaller 2.76 × 1.06 μm. The larger polar capsule occupies more than half, while the smaller one occupies one third of the spore body cavity. An intercapsular process is absent. Spores of the second species, Myxobolus patialensis sp. nov. parasitize the caudal fin of Labeo rohita (Ham. 1822) (Cypriniformis: Cyprinidae) vern. rohu are pyriform in valvular view, measuring 11.28 × 6.67 μm. The two shell valves are asymmetrical and contain five parietal folds along the posterior end of the spore. Two anteriorly situated polar capsules, elongated and oval in shape are prominently unequal in size. The larger polar capsule measures 4.8 × 3.1 μm and smaller one 1.70 × 1.51 μm. The larger polar capsule lies obliquely to the spore axis and the smaller one is at the same level but pointing outward anteriolaterally. An intercapsular process is absent. This species is characterized by having a prominent ridge on the shell surface anteriolaterally on the side of the smaller polar capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filamentation of an intense short pulse laser in an inhomogeneous plasma is investigated when laser propagates along the direction of density gradient and nonlinearity arises due to the relativistic mass variation and ponderomotive force. The ion motion is neglected; however, the effect of dielectric swelling is included. The inhomogeneity in the density profile introduces dielectric swelling of the pump intensity enhancing the plasma permittivity and the growth rate of the instability. The perturbation in laser amplitude grows faster than exponential as the laser penetrates deeper into the denser plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma wave produced in a stimulated Raman back scattering process in plasma is seen to be effective in the resonant Raman upshifted third harmonic generation of the same laser or of another laser of a slightly lower frequency. The process requires plasma density slightly lower than the quarter critical density corresponding to the first laser frequency. The electron density perturbation due to the plasma wave beats with the drift velocity imparted by the second harmonic ponderomotive force to produce a density perturbation at Raman upshifted second harmonic. This perturbation couples with the oscillatory electron velocity due to the laser to produce Raman upshifted third harmonic current density and radiation field. The phase matching condition in cold plasma is satisfied when a plasma density is quarter critical. Thermal effects lower the requisite electron density a bit. The energy conversion efficiency from the pump to the Raman upshifted third harmonic could be quite large when the laser intensity exceeds 1016 W/cm2. The plasma inhomogeneity, however, is a significant limiting factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the British Period the shape of Garhwal was around 5471 square mile and its only 411 square mile was inhabited in the year 1911 AD is total population was 480167. Geographically it had unequal peaks and slops hence the trade routs were not developed. So the people had very hard life here. The land was not able to produce enough food grains. But in absence of industries the economy of the people completely depended on agriculture, animals and forest and forest products. Here we tried to get a historic background of British Garhwal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxosporidian parasites of fish are very important as they cause severe damage to a large number of commercially important fishes. During our study of Myxozoan parasite of fishes of Punjab wetlands, India, a new myxosporean species, Myxobolus slendrii sp. nov., was recorded from mucous membrane around gill lamellae and one already known species Myxobolus punjabensis from caudal fins of Cirrhina mrigala has been described. Spores of M. slendrii sp. nov. are pyriform, highly elongated, and much slender in shape with a pointed anterior end and a rounded posterior end. The shell valves appear thicker at the posterior end of the spore than the rest on the spore body. Two polar capsules are placed posteriorly from the tip of the spore running parallel to each other. They are equal, pyriform, and highly elongated, equally containing six to eight coils of polar filament. Intercapsular process and iodinophilous vacuole are absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filamentation of a circularly polarized short pulse laser propagating along the direction of ambient magnetic field in plasma is studied. The nonlinearity arises through the combined effect of relativistic mass variation and ponderomotive force induced electron cavitation. The growth rate is maximum Γmax for an optimum filament size, qopt-1. Γmax and qopt increases with plasma density and ambient magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study chabazite zeolites were prepared and exchanged with alkali cations – Li, Na, K and alkaline-earth cations – Mg, Ca, Ba and were studied to assess their potential for CO2 capture from flue gas by vacuum swing adsorption for temperatures below 120°C. Isotherm measurements (CO2 and N2) were made for all samples at 273K, 303K and 333K using a volumetric apparatus and represented with the Dual-site Langmuir model for CO2 and N2. Henry’s constants and isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated and qualitative analyses performed for all samples. Adiabatic separation factor (ASF) and capture figure of merit (CFM) were proposed and used as indices for assessing adsorbent performance and compared with a commercial NaX-zeolite sample. It was found that NaCHA and CaCHA hold comparative advantages for high temperature CO2 separation whilst NaX shows superior performance at relatively low temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Highly ordered CdSe nanowires constituted from nanocrystallites (nanoparticles) have been successfully prepared using simple chemical route in paired cell using Anodic Alumina Membrane (AAM) as a template, cadmium sulphate as cation precursor in the presence of suitable complexing agent and Na2SeSO3 as Se precursor, respectively. The nanowires were characterized by SEM, EDAX, XRD and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the CdSe nanowires are grown with nanocrystalline cubic zinc blende structure. UV–Vis absorption spectrum is used to find out the optical band gap of nanowires which is found to be 2.25 eV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ordered microporous carbon materials using different cation exchanged (Ca, K, H and Na) forms of Y zeolites as templates and propylene and butylene as carbon sources were synthesized using a single step vapour phase deposition process. The effect of cation and carbon precursor type on the resulting carbons was examined by X-ray diffraction measurements, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and compared with the parent zeolite. The carbons show periodic ordering with high surface area and pore volume. The extent of periodicity or ordering in the final carbons was found to depend on the cation type and carbon precursor used. All the carbons showed high surface area and micropore volume, however, cation type in the template and the carbon precursors influenced the overall surface area and micropore volume. Carbons prepared from calcium exchanged form of zeolite Y were found to show long range ordered structure, while carbon prepared from potassium exchanged Y zeolite showed the lowest ordering and stability. Hydrogen adsorption measurements were also performed and the carbons were shown to adsorb a maximum of 2wt% H2 at 77K and 1atm pressure. Hydrogen storage capacity was found to be dependent on the total micropore volume of the carbon samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]