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In this letter, we investigate how field redefinition influences the spectrum of linearized perturbations in relativistic fluid dynamics. We show that the hydrodynamic modes do not get affected under local field redefinition, whereas the non-hydrodynamic modes do. These non-hydrodynamic modes can be removed through a suitable all-order field redefinition. This process leads to a new frame containing only hydrodynamic modes, which we refer to as the hydro frame. Additionally, we demonstrate that the resulting stress-energy tensor may constitute an infinite series in momentum space, with the radius of convergence associated with the removed non-hydrodynamic mode, highlighting its role in the hydrodynamic expansion's validity., Comment: 8 pages; Comments are welcome; Updated discussion and references

In this paper, we explore the impact of field redefinition on the spectrum of linearized perturbations in relativistic hydrodynamics. We observe that the spectrum of hydrodynamics modes is never affected by the local field redefinition, however, the spectrum of the non-hydrodynamic modes is affected. Through an appropriate all-order redefinition, non-hydrodynamic modes can be eliminated, leading to a new frame where the spectrum contains only hydrodynamic modes. We also observe that the resulting stress-energy tensor may have an infinite series in momentum space, with a convergence radius linked to the eliminated non-hydrodynamic mode. In certain special cases, higher-order terms in the stress-energy tensor under field redefinition may cancel, indicating that non-hydrodynamic modes are mere artefacts of the fluid variable choice and hold no physical significance, even if they appear to violate physical constraints. Using a special toy example, we find a criterion to distinguish between physical and unphysical non-hydrodynamic modes., Comment: 23 pages; comments and feedbacks are welcome; updated and extended; companion paper of arXiv:2410.19015

Controlled transitions between coupling induced transparency (CIT) and coupling induced absorption (CIA) are effects of both fundamental importance as well as potential applications in various devices. We have explored these peculiar phenomena in multi-mode coupled hybrid quantum systems by considering a tunable mode (TM) and several static modes (SMs). The individual SMs and TM are designed such that they show CIA, but upon coupling different SMs we observe a transition from CIA to CIT. Quite remarkably we are able to achieve CIT using only purely dissipative couplings, whereas it is well known that CIT appears with coherent coupling. We have developed a robust quantum theory based formalism which is able to capture the transition between CIA to CIT and have the capability to explain the inter-transition (CIT to CIA) as well as intra-transitions (CIA to CIA, CIT to CIT etc.) in a multimode hybrid quantum system all with just linear approach. A general model is developed for hybrid quantum systems having N modes. We have then explicitly described two sets of hybrid systems, the first set is of three modes, 1TM coupled with 2SMs, and the second set is of four modes, 1TM coupled with 3SMs. Later we have generalised it for hybrid quantum systems having N number of modes. The results provide a pathway for designing hybrid systems that can control the group velocity of light, offering potential applications in the fields of optical switching and quantum information technology. Our finding and formulation that in a single hybrid quantum system we can achieve controllable inter-transitions and intra-transitions of CIT/ CIA may open a tool and guidance for its application in quantum technology and quantum materials as the TMs/SMs may be well extended to other real/ quasi-particles also.

This note provides a comprehensive examination of the various approaches to formulating relativistic hydrodynamics, with a particular emphasis on the canonical approach. Relativistic hydrodynamics plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of fluids in high-energy astrophysical phenomena and heavy-ion collisions. The canonical approach is explored in detail, highlighting its foundational principles, mathematical formulations, and practical implications in modeling relativistic fluid dynamics. Following this, we delve into the linear response theory, elucidating its relevance in the context of hydrodynamics. We analyze the response of relativistic fluids to external perturbations, discussing the theoretical framework and key results. This dual focus aims to bridge the gap between theoretical foundations and practical applications, offering a robust perspective on the dynamic interplay between relativistic hydrodynamics and linear response theory.

In this work, we show that the kinetically constrained quantum East model lies between a quantum scarred and a many-body localized system featuring an unconventional type of mobility edge in the spectrum. We name this scenario $\textit{state-dependent}$ mobility edge: while the system does not exhibit a sharp separation in energy between thermal and non-thermal eigenstates, the abundance of non-thermal eigenstates results in slow entanglement growth for $\textit{many}$ initial states, such as product states, below a finite energy density. We characterize the state-dependent mobility edge by looking at the complexity of classically simulating dynamics using tensor network for system sizes well beyond those accessible via exact diagonalization. Focusing on initial product states, we observe a qualitative change in the dynamics of the bond dimension needed as a function of their energy density. Specifically, the bond dimension typically grows $\textit{polynomially}$ in time up to a certain energy density, where we locate the state-dependent mobility edge, enabling simulations for long times. Above this energy density, the bond dimension typically grows $\textit{exponentially}$ making the simulation practically unfeasible beyond short times, as generally expected in interacting theories. We correlate the polynomial growth of the bond dimension to the presence of many non-thermal eigenstates around that energy density, a subset of which we compute via tensor network., Comment: 12+3 pages; 8+5 figures

This study presents the theoretical foundations of an analogous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) which we are referring as coupling induced transparency (CIT) and absorption (CIA) respectively, along with an exploration of the transition between these phenomena. We provide a concise phenomenological description with analytical expressions for transmission spectra and dispersion elucidating how the interplay of coherent and dissipative interactions in a coupled system results in the emergence of level repulsion and attraction, corresponding to CIT and CIA, respectively. The model is validated through numerical simulations using a hybrid system comprising a split ring resonator (SRR) and electric inductive-capacitive (ELC) resonator in planar geometry. We analyse two cases while keeping ELC parameters constant; one involving a dynamic adjustment of the SRR size with a fixed split gap, and the other entailing a varying gap while maintaining a constant SRR size. Notably, in the first case, the dispersion profile of the transmission signal demonstrates level repulsion, while the second case results in level attraction, effectively showcasing CIT and CIA, respectively. These simulated findings not only align with the theoretical model but also underscore the versatility of our approach. Subsequently, we expand our model to a more general case, demonstrating that a controlled transition from CIT to CIA is achievable by manipulating the dissipation rate of individual modes within the hybrid system, leading to either coherent or dissipative interactions between the modes. The results provide a pathway for designing hybrid systems that can control the group velocity of light, offering potential applications in the fields of optical switching and quantum information technology.

The macroscopic energy-momentum and spin densities of relativistic spin hydrodynamics are obtained from the ensemble average of their respective microscopic definitions (quantum operators). These microscopic definitions suffer from ambiguities, meaning that, one may obtain different forms of symmetric energy-momentum tensor and spin tensor through pseudogauge transformations (or in other words Belinfante improvement procedure). However, this ambiguity may be removed if we obtain these currents using Noether's second theorem instead of widely used Noether's first theorem. In this article, we use Noether's second theorem to derive energy-momentum and spin currents without the need of pseudogauge transformations for free Dirac massive particles with spin one-half., Comment: Updated

Large ground-truth datasets and recent advances in deep learning techniques have been useful for layout detection. However, because of the restricted layout diversity of these datasets, training on them requires a sizable number of annotated instances, which is both expensive and time-consuming. As a result, differences between the source and target domains may significantly impact how well these models function. To solve this problem, domain adaptation approaches have been developed that use a small quantity of labeled data to adjust the model to the target domain. In this research, we introduced a synthetic document dataset called RanLayNet, enriched with automatically assigned labels denoting spatial positions, ranges, and types of layout elements. The primary aim of this endeavor is to develop a versatile dataset capable of training models with robustness and adaptability to diverse document formats. Through empirical experimentation, we demonstrate that a deep layout identification model trained on our dataset exhibits enhanced performance compared to a model trained solely on actual documents. Moreover, we conduct a comparative analysis by fine-tuning inference models using both PubLayNet and IIIT-AR-13K datasets on the Doclaynet dataset. Our findings emphasize that models enriched with our dataset are optimal for tasks such as achieving 0.398 and 0.588 mAP95 score in the scientific document domain for the TABLE class., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, MMAsia 2023 Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia

To enhance the handover performance in fifth generation (5G) cellular systems, conditional handover (CHO) has been evolved as a promising solution. Unlike A3 based handover where handover execution is certain after receiving handover command from the serving access network, in CHO, handover execution is conditional on the RSRP measurements from both current and target access networks, as well as on mobility parameters such as preparation and execution offsets. Analytic evaluation of conditional handover performance is unprecedented in literature. In this work, handover performance of CHO has been carried out in terms of handover latency, handover packet loss and handover failure probability. A Markov model accounting the effect of different mobility parameters (e.g., execution offset, preparation offset, time-to-preparation and time-to-execution), UE velocity and channel fading characteristics; has been proposed to characterize handover failure. Results obtained from the analytic model has been validated against extensive simulation results. Our study reveal that optimal configuration of $O_{exec}$, $O_{prep}$, $T_{exec}$ and $T_{prep}$ is actually conditional on underlying UE velocity and fading characteristics. This study will be helpful for the mobile operators to choose appropriate thresholds of the mobility parameters under different channel condition and UE velocities.

We study an approach to simulating the stochastic relativistic advection-diffusion equation based on the Metropolis algorithm. We show that the dissipative dynamics of the boosted fluctuating fluid can be simulated by making random transfers of charge between fluid cells, interspersed with ideal hydrodynamic time steps. The random charge transfers are accepted or rejected in a Metropolis step using the entropy as a statistical weight. This procedure reproduces the expected strains of dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics in a specific (and non-covariant) hydrodynamic frame known as the density frame. Numerical results, both with and without noise, are presented and compared to relativistic kinetics and analytical expectations. An all order resummation of the density frame gradient expansion reproduces the covariant dynamics in a specific model. In contrast to all other numerical approaches to relativistic dissipative fluids, the dissipative fluid formalism presented here is strictly first order in gradients and has no non-hydrodynamic modes. The physical naturalness and simplicity of the Metropolis algorithm, together with its convergence properties, make it a promising tool for simulating stochastic relativistic fluids in heavy ion collisions and for critical phenomena in the relativistic domain., Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures. Version 2 discusses flow fields depending on space and time

In relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, following de Groot--van Leeuwen--van Weert's energy-momentum and spin tensor definitions, we analyze the propagation of spin degrees of freedom. We deduce an analytical formula for spin wave velocity, finding that it approaches half the speed of light in the ultra-relativistic limit. Only transverse degrees of freedom propagate, similar to electromagnetic waves. Additionally, we explore dissipative effects and determine the damping coefficients for Maxwell-J\"uttner statistics.

We investigate the spacetime evolution of spin polarization within a hydrodynamic framework based on the de Groot--van Leeuwen--van Weert expressions for energy-momentum and spin tensors. The system's deviation from boost invariance results in the interplay of different spin polarization components, impacting spin observables. We specifically examine the transverse momentum, azimuthal angle, and rapidity dependence of the mean spin polarization vector of $\Lambda$ hyperons. Our results qualitatively align with other models and experimental data on global spin polarization rapidity dependence. While the quadrupole structure is absent in the longitudinal component at midrapidity, our analysis reveals non-trivial signal at forward rapidities that differs from predictions based on the Bjorken expansion., Comment: Contribution to SPIN 2023

We expand the classical phase-space distribution function to incorporate couplings between spin and electromagnetic fields. This extension has led to the derivation of modified constitutive relations for the charge current, energy-momentum tensor, and spin tensor. Due to these couplings, the new tensors are revised from their perfect fluid analogues, creating an interplay between the background and spin fluid equations of motion. The corrections introduced in our framework have the potential to shed light on the experimentally observed discrepancies in the spin polarization measurements of Lambda hyperons., Comment: Contribution to SPIN 2023 conference

In this work, we investigate angular observables such as the longitudinal polarization of charged leptons, $\tau$-polarization, and forward-backward asymmetry in semileptonic $B_c$ decays. Additionally, we provide predictions for lepton flavor violating observables, the $\mathcal{R}$ ratios in the decay channels $B_c \rightarrow \eta_c (J/\psi) l \nu_l$ and $B_c \rightarrow D (D^*) l \nu_l$ across the entire $q^2$ region. Our analysis is conducted within the Relativistic Independent Quark Model, focusing on the potential model-dependent aspects of these observables. We compare our model predictions with existing lattice predictions, highlighting the strong applicability of our framework in describing $B_c$ decays. Considering the forthcoming experimental upgrades and the Run 3 data results on $B_c$ meson decays, rapid confirmation of these quantities could indicate significant discoveries of physics beyond the Standard Model. This will open up new avenues for understanding the complex flavor dynamics in heavy meson decays., Comment: Accepted version in Physical Review D

We consider a quantum energy teleportation (QET) method to replicate the phase diagram of a one-dimensional $XXZ$ spin chain featuring a Kondo effect coupling. In this setup, the energy supplier and receiver are spatially separated from the point impurity and do not interact directly with it. Nonetheless, they may successfully generate phase diagrams that closely mirror those produced via exact diagonalization. This can be achieved using only local operations on their respective subsystems, supplemented by classical communication. This feat is made possible due to a critical connection between the energy obtained through the QET approach and the system's quantum entanglement entropy. To substantiate these findings, we initially demonstrate that the quantum entanglement entropy serves as the relevant order parameter for the system. Intriguingly, changes in the gap spacing of the entanglement spectra align with the locations of peaks in both entanglement entropy and energy, as determined by QET. We hypothesize that this theoretical framework could, for example, be validated experimentally using a one-dimensional chain of Rydberg atoms., Comment: Comments and criticisms are welcome!

This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more km-scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions., Comment: Summary of the Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop held at CERN: https://indico.cern.ch/event/1208783/

The concept of \emph{complexity} has become pivotal in multiple disciplines, including quantum information, where it serves as an alternative metric for gauging the chaotic evolution of a quantum state. This paper focuses on \emph{Krylov complexity}, a specialized form of quantum complexity that offers an unambiguous and intrinsically meaningful assessment of the spread of a quantum state over all possible orthogonal bases. Our study is situated in the context of Gaussian quantum states, which are fundamental to both Bosonic and Fermionic systems and can be fully described by a covariance matrix. We show that while the covariance matrix is essential, it is insufficient alone for calculating Krylov complexity due to its lack of relative phase information. Our findings suggest that the relative covariance matrix can provide an upper bound for Krylov complexity for Gaussian quantum states. We also explore the implications of Krylov complexity for theories proposing complexity as a candidate for holographic duality by computing Krylov complexity for the thermofield double States (TFD) and Dirac field., Comment: Revised

In this study, we calculate the shear viscosity for rotating fermions with spin-half under conditions of high temperature and density. We employ the Kubo formalism, rooted in finite-temperature quantum field theory, to compute the field correlation functions essential for this evaluation. The one-loop diagram pertinent to shear viscosity is analyzed within the context of curved space, utilizing tetrad formalism as an effective approach in cylindrical coordinates. Our findings focus on extremely high angular velocities, ranging from 0.1 to 1 GeV, which align with experimental expectations. Furthermore, we explore the inter-relationship between the chemical potential and angular velocity within the scope of this study., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2307.09953

In light of recent measurements suggesting potential lepton flavor universality violations in semileptonic decays at collider experiments, this article provides a concise study of tree- and loop-level $B$-hadron semileptonic decays, $b \to c l \nu_l$ and $b \to s l^+ l^-$. We provide predictions for lepton flavor violating observables, $\mathcal{R}_{J/\psi}$ and $\mathcal{R}_{\eta_c}$, across the entire $q^2$ range. Our study employs the Relativistic Independent Quark Model (RIQM), highlighting a model-dependent approach to these observables. We compare our model's predictions with existing lattice predictions, demonstrating the strong applicability of the RIQM framework in describing $B_c$ decays. Additionally, we reassess global averages for $\mathcal{R}_{D(D^*)}$ and $\mathcal{R}_{K(K^*)}$ in semileptonic transitions. With the upcoming experimental upgrades and the anticipated Run 3 data on $B_c$ meson decays, rapid confirmation of these quantities could indicate significant evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model, thereby opening new pathways for understanding the complex flavor dynamics in $B$ meson decays., Comment: v2: revised and updated according to referee comments; comments, feedbacks and discussions are very much welcome!

The climate crisis and the degradation of the world's ecosystems require humanity to take immediate action. The international scientific community has a responsibility to limit the negative environmental impacts of basic research. The HECAP+ communities (High Energy Physics, Cosmology, Astroparticle Physics, and Hadron and Nuclear Physics) make use of common and similar experimental infrastructure, such as accelerators and observatories, and rely similarly on the processing of big data. Our communities therefore face similar challenges to improving the sustainability of our research. This document aims to reflect on the environmental impacts of our work practices and research infrastructure, to highlight best practice, to make recommendations for positive changes, and to identify the opportunities and challenges that such changes present for wider aspects of social responsibility., Comment: 158 pages, 21 figures; comments welcome. Revisions included in Version 2.0 are detailed on page 3 of the pdf. If you would like to endorse this document please visit: https://sustainable-hecap-plus.github.io/. An HTML version of this document is available at: https://sustainable-hecap-plus.github.io/