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The Experiment was conducted during June-December, 2022 at Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiolgy, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, NDVSU, Jabalpur, M.P. India. to attribute the possible risk of poultry and its product as an increasing cause for food borne Salmonellosis, a cross sectional study was carried out in poultry samples from Rewa city of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 300 sample (Poultry and environment) were collected and processed for isolation and identification of Salmonellae by culture, biochemical methods and molecular methods. Only poultry samples were found positive while all the environmental sample were negative. A total of 5.5% occurrence of Salmonella was found in poultry samples with 5% positivity in meat sample and 6% in the caecum. Two serotype Salmonella Typhimurium (4%) and Salmonella. Infantis (1.5%) were detected. Drug resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella indicated a very high resistance towards many of antibiotics which are critical for clinical use for animal, birds and humans as well. All the isolates were positive for Virulence marker invA, spiA, and drug resistance gene, blaTEM, while ampC and tetA were detected only in S. Typhimurium with 23 and 50% positivity and spvR and spvC virulence genes were not detected in any isolated salmonella. As Non typhoidal Salmonella are of zoonotic importance, their presence in poultry meat and fecal samples, indicating the need to implement effective prevention and control measures throughout food chain that is from farm to fork level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally Ganges water that contains bacteriophages, are used in Hindu rituals in India. Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and present abundantly on Earth. They are present most widely in the biosphere, soil and the intestine of animals. Specificity of infection makes them a powerful alternative for the control of bacterial infection which is normally showing resistant to antibiotics. In present study, isolation of bacteriophage was carried out from sewage of piggery and dairy farms to find out antimicrobial property. Isolated bacteriophages were showing an icosahedral symmetry with long tail of 109 nm and head of 52.20 nm in diameter under electron microscopic observation. These phages were considered as member of Myoviridae family. Presently, antimicrobial resistance is an acute problem across the globe, and therefore alternate for antimicrobials should be searched on priority. Primary aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of a bacteriophage against Multi drug resistance pathogen like Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus. A total 150 sewage samples were processed for bacteriophage isolation out of them 27 were found to be positive for bacteriophages. Four isolates of bacteriophage lysate ØVS1, ØVS5, ØVS9 and ØVS 27 were used as a cocktail in trail. Therapeutic and safety profile of the purified phage lysate cocktail were performed in well-defined mouse model at laboratory animal house of College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Jabalpur (M.P.). Results showed 100% in mice G-III (challenged with MRSA) was treated with phage Cocktail with in ten days whereas G-IV was showing approx. 40% in abscess (challenged with MRSA). Our findings reported that the bacteriophage therapy is safe and better than traditional antibiotics therapy especially in multidrug resistance cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bovine Rotavirus is one of the most important viral etiological agent responsible for causing neonatal diarrhea incurring severe economic loss to farmers. The presence of large genome size, segmented nature and absence of proof reading activity of RNA polymerase leads to frequent reassortment and thus emergence of new G and P types with ability of interspecies transmission. Methods: During an epidemiological study (July 2016 to July 2019) 200 diarrheic fecal samples were screened for Bovine Rotavirus A using ELISA and RNA-PAGE. Further, twenty two positive samples for RVA were subjected to molecular detection for VP6, VP4 and VP7 genes. Result: Ten (20/200) and 11(22/200) per cent diarrheic fecal samples were found positive using ELISA and RNA-PAGE respectively. Twenty samples found positive in ELISA were also found positive in RNA-PAGE. Amongst which 22 (100%) samples were found positive for VP6, while 15 (68.18%) samples showed amplification for VP4 and VP7 gene. All Rotavirus A positive samples were genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR assay. G1G3 was found to be most predominant (53.33%) followed by G3 (26.66%), while one sample each showed the presence of G1G5 and G3G8 (6.66%). Ten samples showed mixed genotype (66.66%). One sample was non typeable (6.66%). Among the P types, P[11] was the most predominant (73.33%), while one sample each showed the presence of P[5] and P[5]P[11] (6.66%) and 02 samples were non typeable (13.33%). The G and P genotype combination determined in 12 samples were as follows; G3P [11] found in two samples (16.66%), G3P[5] in 01(08.33%), G1G5P[11] in 01(08.33%), G1G3P[11] in 07 (58.33%), while 01 (08.33%) sample had mixed genotype G1G3P[5]P[11] combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a major problem in the treatment of chronic infections. The antibiotic treatment is frequently non-curative due to emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus alternative treatment is necessary. The natural ability of pathogens to develop resistance is not only a threat to animal health but also leads to accumulation of antibiotic resistance determinants or resistant bacteria livestock products. Phage therapy has been developed as an alternative therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistance microorganisms. Methods: In present study 150 samples of sewage were collected from livestock farm, NDVSU, Jabalpur (M.P.). Bacteriophages were isolated and characterized from the collected sewage samples. "Cocktail" of the recovered phage lysate isolates (ØVS1, ØVS5, ØVS9 and ØVS27) was prepared for assessment of therapeutic utility of S. aureus phages in chronic septic infections. Therapeutic trial was performed in large animals (cattle and buffalo) at livestock farm, Adhartal, NDVSU, Jabalpur (MP.). Pathogens isolated from chronic septic wounds were showing antibiotic resistance but the bacteria were sensitive to phage lysate. Phage 'cocktail' was applied topically over the chronic septic wounds as single dose. Follow up of the cases was done at regular intervals (0, 5 and 10 days) which included clinical examination of wound by appearance, status of discharge and formation of granulation tissue. Result: Six animals showed complete recovery (60%) out of 10 animals from wounds as predicted by progressive healing status of wounds till the formation of granulation tissue within 10 days after phage application. Thus, recovery was much higher than the conventional antibiotic therapy normally used for the treatment of chronic septic wound infections in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different authors for estimating population mean have proposed several Imputation schemes. Recently, some authors have suggested generalized imputation schemes that their estimators are functions of unknown parameters of the study variable. These unknown parameters need to be estimated for the estimators to be applicable and this may require additional resources. This paper considered a class of imputation scheme that is independent of unknown parameter and the point estimator of the suggested scheme for estimating population mean was derived. The properties (bias and MSE) of an efficient estimators presented were derived up to first order approximation and also conditions for which the estimators of the proposed scheme is more efficient than other estimators of the existing schemes considered in the study were also examined. The result of the empirical study revealed that the suggested estimators are more efficient than the existing ones considered in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]