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In this paper, we introduce the concept of deficiency sum matrix Sdf (G) of a simple graph G = (V;E) of order n. The deficiency df(v) of a vertex v 2 V is the deviation between the degree of the vertex v and the maximum degree of the graph. The deficiency sum matrix Sdf (G) is a matrix of order n whose (i; j)-th entry isdf(vi) +df(vj), if the vertices vi and vj are adjacent and 0, otherwise. In addition, we introduce deficiency sum energy ESdf (G) of a graph G and establish some bounds for ESdf (G). Further, deficiency sum energy of some classes of graphs are obtained. Moreover, we construct an algorithm and python(3.8) code to find out spectrum and deficiency sum energy of graph G [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus that is quickly spreading over the world. There is no specific medicine for the treatment of COVID-19, and it is being treated with existing drugs. To treat this condition, new medication research is being conducted. A topological index is a form of molecular descriptor that simply establishes numerical values associated with a compound's molecular structure and is efficiently employed in modeling several physico-chemical aspects in numerous quantitative structure-property/activity relationship (QSPR/QSAR) investigations. In this article, we compute some general temperature topological indices of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, theaflavin, lopinavir, ritonavir, and arbidol molecular structures. In addition, QSPR analysis of the relevant topological indices is presented, and it is established that these topological indices are highly correlated with the physico-chemical properties of COVID-19 drugs. This theoretic approach may aid chemists and others working in the pharmaceutical sector in predicting the qualities of COVID-19 drugs before experimenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of maximum deficiency matrix Mdf (G) of a simple graph G is introduced in this paper. Let G = (V,E) be a simple graph of order n and let df(vi) be the deficiency of a vertex vi, i = 1, 2, . . ., n, then the maximum deficiency matrix Mdf (G) = [fij ]n×n is defined as: fij = (max{df(vi), df(vj)}, if vivj 2 E(G) 0, otherwise. Further, some coefficients of the characteristic polynomial (G;) of the maximum deficiency matrix of G are obtained. The maximum deficiency energy EMdf (G) of a graph G is also introduced. The bounds for EMdf (G) are established. Moreover, maximum deficiency energy of some standard graphs is shown, and if the maximum deficiency energy of a graph is rational, then it must be an even integer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roman Jakobson's idea that adaptation is a kind of translation has been further expanded by functionalist theorists who claim that translation necessarily involves interpretation. Premised on this view, the present paper argues that the adaptation of Premchand's short story "Shatranj ke Khilari" into film of that name by Satyajit Ray is an allegorical interpretation. The idea of allegorical interpretation is based on that ultimate four-fold schema of interpretation which Dante suggests to his friend, Can Grande della Scala, for interpretation of his poem Divine Comedy. This interpretive scheme is suitable for interpreting contemporary reality with a little modification. As Walter Benjamin believes that a translation issues from the original - not so much from its life as from its after-life - it is argued here that in Satyajit Ray's adaptation Premchand's short story undergoes a living renewal and becomes a purposeful manifestation of its essence. The film not only depicts the social and political condition of Awadh during the reign of Wajid Ali Shah but also opens space for engaging with the contemporary political reality of India in 1977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents second law analysis of a combined triple power cycle. The Brayton–Rankine combined cycle of a natural gas fired power plant situated in India and the Kalina cycle of Orkuveita Húsavíkur geothermal power plant in Husavik, Iceland were considered. These cycles were simulated in MATLAB and the simulated results were compared with the actual results to validate the simulation. These cycles were then combined and the performance of the resulting triple cycle was evaluated according to Indian atmospheric conditions to investigate the possibility of using Kalina cycle system in India. A significant performance improvement and reduction in CO2 emission was found. With the same fuel consumption, the net power output was found to increase by about 1.27%, the thermal efficiency by 0.54% and the exergy efficiency by 0.51%. To generate the same additional power by the Brayton–Rankine combined cycle alone, an additional 1.24% of natural gas would be burned which would increase the CO2 emission into the atmosphere by 1.24%. The effects of topping cycle pressure ratio, inlet air temperature and relative humidity on the triple cycle performance were also studied and the cycle was optimized with respect to the pressure ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Profoundly engaged in capturing the outward flow of plantation diaspora from India in the nineteenth century, Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies (2008) focuses on one female girmitiya named Deeti, a high caste widow from Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh, who elopes with an untouchable. Taking cue from the pages of Sir George Grierson's diary, Ghosh recovers Deeti from history, not so much with the imagination of a novelist as with the instincts of an anthropologist. Devoted to reinvention, the novel tackles the loss of Deeti's caste, its contested status in the migratory experience and its final recovery as a thematic concern. Though the traditional caste hierarchy was practically lost in the migratory process, I argue, it continued to exist in alternative form and only waited to be found in time. I also argue that the old Indian diaspora's sentimental search for their ancestral roots in India is played out in the novel with the suggestion that their search may reveal some uncomfortable truth they would not like to know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]