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A string of judgments by Indian courts have downgraded the Competition Commission of India's position in the adjudicatory hierarchy by requiring it to await the findings of sectoral regulators before initiating its own investigation. This article argues that the reasons advanced for deferring the Commission's jurisdiction are erroneous. Further, the judicial test for deferral of the Commission's jurisdiction is fraught with deficiencies and would inordinately delay or de facto divest the Commission of its jurisdiction. Some recent cases are trying to break away from this trend. One final battle though remains to be fought. With the emergence of competition issues in data protection and privacy related cases and the imminent establishment of data regulator(s) in India, the Commission will soon have an opportunity to push courts to re-examine and re-interpret existing judicial principles and reclaim its relative position in the adjudicatory hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do antiarrhythmic agents (class I and III) prevent the recurrence of atrial fibrillation postablation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does antiplatelet therapy prevent myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on reducing dietary salt intake lowering the blood pressure or albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Topics include receiving kidney replacement therapy having a functioning kidney transplant or having proteinuria; and strong evidence lowering dietary salt intake decreasing blood pressure and moderate evidence lowering proteinuria in patients with CKD.

The article presents an answer to a question on the effectiveness of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists in preventing recurrent stroke and other serious vascular events in people with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack.

The article explores the role of the combined oral contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding. It discusses the effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptives in decreasing menorrhagia. It mentions the Menorrhagia as excessive blood loss that affects women’s quality of life and can lead to anemia.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane proteins in metazoans that mediate the regulation of various physiological responses to discrete ligands through heterotrimeric G protein subunits. The existence of GPCRs in plant is contentious, but their comparable crucial role in various signaling pathways necessitates the identification of novel remote GPCR-like proteins that essentially interact with the plant G protein α subunit and facilitate the transduction of various stimuli. In this study, we identified three putative GPCR-like proteins (OsGPCRLPs) (LOC_Os06g09930.1, LOC_Os04g36630.1, and LOC_Os01g54784.1) in the rice proteome using a stringent bioinformatics workflow. The identified OsGPCRLPs exhibited a canonical GPCR 'type I' 7TM topology, patterns, and biologically significant sites for membrane anchorage and desensitization. Cluster-based interactome mapping revealed that the identified proteins interact with the G protein α subunit which is a characteristic feature of GPCRs. Computational results showing the interaction of identified GPCR-like proteins with G protein α subunit and its further validation by the membrane yeast-two-hybrid assay strongly suggest the presence of GPCR-like 7TM proteins in the rice proteome. The absence of a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) box in the C- terminal domain, and the presence of signature motifs of canonical GPCR in the identified OsGPCRLPs strongly suggest that the rice proteome contains GPCR-like proteins that might be involved in signal transduction.

Introduction: Capnography is routinely used for monitoring of patients subjected to sedation for different surgical procedures. There is still paucity of data highlighting the capnographic assessment of patients on midazolam sedation undergoing oral surgical procedures. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the alterations occurring in the end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) values monitored during intravenous (IV) sedation with midazolam during various oral surgical procedures., Materials and Methods: The present study included assessment of alteration in ETCO 2 values occurring during oral surgical procedure. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 40 participants were included in the present study. Pulse oximeter with capnograph (EmcoMeditek Pvt., Ltd., India) device was used for assessment of respiratory rate (RR) and ETCO 2 values. The mean of 12 readings over a period of 1 minute before the starting of first infusion was referred to as baseline time. By evaluating the first four readings at an interval of 15 seconds during the 1st minute of infusion, we obtained the 1 minute average reading. All the data were compiled and recorded and assessed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software., Results: A total of 40 participants were included, out of which, 20 were males and 20 were females. At the baseline time, mean value of ETCO 2 was 31 mm Hg, while mean value of oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) was 36%. Out of total 40 participants, 15 showed the presence of respiratory depression. Out of these 15 participants, ETCO 2 changes from baseline were observed in 13 participants., Conclusion: No oxygen should be delivered, unless until required, to the healthy participants undergoing dental sedation procedures, for marinating the sensitivity of pulse oximetry during assessment of respiratory depression., Clinical Significance: In patients undergoing sedation procedures, various monitoring techniques should be employed as respiratory depression is a commonly encountered risk factor.

Introduction: Children with high dental fear and perception usually encounter high prevalence of dental caries. Data showed that individuals with dental fear will probably defer dental appointments which may result in the formation of a setup of an endless loop of dental fear. Present study was aimed to assess different psycho-social parameters among pediatric patients visiting dental clinics., Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the data of 200 schoolchildren were collected and analyzed by means of a questionnaire. Evaluation of the oral health status was done by experienced pedodontists. All the answers were recorded and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software., Results: Nearly 120 were regular attendees while remaining 80 were found to be irregular attendees. Significant difference was observed while comparing the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, decayed teeth, dental fear, cognitive vulnerability, and dental prevention belief between the regular and irregular group. Significant correlation was observed between higher number of decayed teeth and increasing level of dental fear., Conclusion: Various psychosocial parameters, by affecting the dental visits, are associated with outcome of oral health measures., Clinical Significance: Special attention should be paid to the pediatric patients with such kind of behavior so that their psy-chosocial attitude could be modified in favor of dental treatment.

Background: In head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is one of the major but uncommon complications. Satisfactorily results have been observed while treating ORN patients with upcoming treatment modalities such as combination therapy of pentoxifylline and Vitamin E (PVe). It is believed that in patients undergoing dental extractions, these treatment modalities can be used prophylactically for lowering the risk of development of ORN. Hence, keeping all these things in mind, we planned the present study to assess the prophylactic role of pentoxifylline and tocopherol in patients who require dental extractions after radiotherapy for cancer of head and neck., Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients were included in this retrospective study, which had radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. After radiotherapy, a total of 450 dental extractions were done in these 110 patients., Results: External beam therapy was given in 92.72% of the patients. 7.27% and 40% of the patients received intensity modulated radiotherapy combination of chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, respectively. ORN developed only in 2 patients. Patients had taken PVe for a mean of 12 (24) weeks preoperatively and 14 (18) weeks postoperatively. The incidence was lower than that normally associated with dental extractions in irradiated patients., Conclusion: In patients undergoing dental extractions, after receiving radiotherapy of head and neck region, combination therapy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol are sufficiently effective., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.