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Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in school going children in Sakaka region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed that included school children of 9 to 11 years, enrolled in primary schools in Sakaka. Children with craniofacial anomalies (clefts and syndromes) and those who underwent or had a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and orthodontic examination chart. Results: This study revealed that 46% of the examined children had normal occlusion. Deleterious oral habits which are deemed to be the greatest culprits in the causation of occlusal discrepancies were found to be prevalent in 79.2% of the children evaluated in the study. The highest prevalence was seen for thumb sucking, which was common in more than 70% of the subjects and the lowest prevalence was for nail biting which was common in only 9% of the subjects. The habit of mouth breathing was seen among 21% of study population. The various orthodontic variables that were evaluated in this study included maxillary and mandibular crowding and spacing, midline shift, openbite and crossbite. Conclusion: The variables that were most strongly associated with the presence of oral habit were malocclusion and mandibular spacing although the number of subjects with oral habits displayed more occurrence of all the variables that were under consideration. Midline shift and maxillary and mandibular crowding, illustrated in this study were higher compared to those obtained from other developing countries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The latest advancement in adhesive dentistry is the development of self adhering flowable composite resin which incorporates the self-etch adhesion technology to eliminate the steps of etching, rinsing, priming and bonding. Few studies have addressed resin bonding to primary teeth. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and nanoleakage of conventional and self adhering flowable composites to primary teeth dentin. Settings and Design: This study was conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida; in association with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.T.S Engineering College, Greater Noida; and the Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Materials and Methods: Sixty of the ninety primary teeth were evaluated for shear bond strength and thirty for nanoleakage. The samples were divided into three groups; Group I - Dyad Flow (Kerr), Group II - Fusio Liquid Dentin (Pentron Clinical Technologies) and Group III - G-aenial Universal Flo (GC). Shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine. Nanoleakage pattern was observed under scanning electron microscope. Results: The shear bond strength of conventional flowable composite was significantly greater than self adhering flowable composite (p<0.05). Nanoleakage scores of both conventional and self adhering flowable composites were comparable. Conclusions: Self adhering flowable composites combine properties of composites and self etch adhesives, eliminating the need for separate bond application that simplifies direct restorative procedure. The evolution of self adhering materials could open new horizons for pediatric dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the progress in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) studies and their potential oral environment role. Researchers collected 52 research data for the review and selected 26 then divided them into four groups including observational studies, In vitro-studies and In-vivo studies. Conclusions indicated the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria and the need for future studies on therapeutic roles in the oral environment of AMPs.