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This investigation focused to analyze the effect of welding parameter like groove angle, current and thickness on the Rockwell hardness at weld bead after welding of mild steel plate using Arc welding process. An attempt has also been made to optimize the input parameter in order to achieve highest Rockwell hardness. The analysis revealed that the maximum Rockwell hardness was observed for low thickness plate. The result was dedicated to development of fine particles at the weld bead high rate of cooling. The research also revealed that the hardness value at the weald bead was high for larger value of groove angle compared to low groove angle. This happened due to formation of fine particles at the weld bead during welding of high groove angle alongside effective cooling rate. The hardness also increases regardless of the current value so, to control the hardness at weld bead the impact of groove angle may consider as a significant parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The machining of super alloy is still a very tedious task for the manufacturing industries due to their high stiffness and strength. The applications of such alloys are increasing day by day due to high reliability, repeatability and prolong life. However, the machining of such materials requires huge cost that directly affects the cost of product. Additionally, the optimized conditions that provide high material removal rate (MRR) as well as better surface integrity is indeed requirement for higher production. So, in this investigation the optimized condition for super alloy (EN-24 steel) as work piece are revealed during machining on wire EDM. The parametric study is based on pulse on time (Ton), peak current (Ip) and pulse off time (Toff) as variable parameters in order to achieve maximum MRR and minimum surface roughness. The investigation observed peak current as highest contributor on the MRR and surface roughness. The optimized condition for MRR is noticed as Ip(5 A), Ton(20 µ sec), Toff(15 µ) sec, whereas, for surface roughness the optimum condition observed as i.e. Ip as 1 A, Ton as 10 µ sec and Toff 5 µ sec. The result also suggested that the contribution of current on surface integrity is high and minimum value i.e. 6.39 micron is observed at 1A, whereas, maximum MRR i.e. 7.701 mm3/min is obtained for pulse on time as 20 µ sec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work extensively explores the influence of temperature on physical properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) materials fabricated through Additive Manufacturing (AM). The review works compile various studies carried out on PLA's materials under different thermal conditions, emphasizing its role as a biodegradable and easily printable material for 3D printing. The work also delves into experimental studies conducted on PLA materials, analyzing varying temperatures on mechanical strength, deformation characteristics, and heat resistance. Additionally, the review highlights all physics that lay behind the improvement of mechanical behavior by examining other process parameters like temperature, layer thickness, feed rate, and build orientation, in relation to mechanical properties of 3D-printed components. At last, the compile results are concluded by discussing the broader scope of Additive Manufacturing, including its current applications, challenges, and potential future advancements across diverse industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]