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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally and presents a significant challenge due to its rising incidence and fatality rates. Factors such as cultural, socioeconomic, and educational barriers contribute to inadequate awareness and access to healthcare services, often leading to delayed diagnoses and poor patient outcomes. Furthermore, fostering a collaborative approach among healthcare providers, policymakers, and community leaders is crucial in addressing this critical women's health issue, reducing mortality rates, alleviating, and the overall burden of breast cancer. The main goal of this review is to explore various techniques of machine learning algorithms to examine high accuracy and early detection of breast cancer for the safe health of women. Significance statement: Comparative analysis of machine learning approaches for breast cancer predictionEnhancing awareness and reducing the gap between patients and doctorsIdentification of testing issues related to breast cancer prediction modelsComparison of support vector machine with other machine learning techniquesUtilizing machine learning techniques to improve prediction accuracyPotential of integrating machine learning models into clinical decision support systemAnalysis of different feature selection algorithms and their effectiveness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its light weight, tuneable electrical conductivity, superior environmental stability and electrochemical performance Poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) have attracted huge attention in the area of energy storage. To enhance their mechanical strength and stability, its composite with rGO and Sulphur, Nitrogen co-doped rGO were prepared via 2-steps hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological study XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of SNrGO/PEDOT:PSS and rGO/PEDOT:PSS composites. The electrochemical profile study using Cyclic voltmetery shows that SNrGO/PEDOT:PSS have better specific capacitance Csp (324 F/g at 10 mV/s scan rate) and cyclic stability 96% over 500 cycle as compared to rGO/PEDOT:PSS. The SNrGO/PEDOT:PSS electrode shows 206.6 F/g specific capacitance at 0.2 A/g current density which was calculated from charge/discharge profile. Due to its good electrochemical performance and low cost synthesis method SNrGO/PEDOT:PSS may become a promising electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern medicine has been working to find a cure for cancer for almost a century, but thus far, they have not been very successful. Although cancer treatment has come a long way, more work has to be carried out to boost specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. The diagnostic industry is on the cusp of a technological revolution, and early diagnosis is essential for improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life. In recent years, nanotechnology's use has expanded, demonstrating its efficacy in enhancing fields such as cancer treatment, radiation therapy, diagnostics, and imaging. Applications for nanomaterials are diverse, ranging from enhanced radiation adjuvants to more sensitive early detection instruments. Cancer, particularly when it has spread beyond the original site of cancer, is notoriously tough to combat. Many people die from metastatic cancer, which is why it remains a huge issue. Cancer cells go through a sequence of events known as the "metastatic cascade" throughout metastasis, which may be used to build anti-metastatic therapeutic techniques. Conventional treatments and diagnostics for metastasis have their drawbacks and hurdles that must be overcome. In this contribution, we explore in-depth the potential benefits that nanotechnology-aided methods might offer to the detection and treatment of metastatic illness, either alone or in conjunction with currently available conventional procedures. Anti-metastatic drugs, which can prevent or slow the spread of cancer throughout the body, can be more precisely targeted and developed with the help of nanotechnology. Furthermore, we talk about how nanotechnology is being applied to the treatment of patients with cancer metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is still the most effective technique to treat many forms of cancer. However, it also carries a high risk of side effects. Numerous nanomedicines have been developed to avoid unintended consequences and significant negative effects of conventional therapies. Achieving targeted drug delivery also has several challenges. In this context, the development of microrobots is receiving considerable attention of formulation scientists and clinicians to overcome such challenges. Due to their mobility, microrobots can infiltrate tissues and reach tumor sites more quickly. Different types of microrobots, like custom-made moving bacteria, microengines powered by small bubbles, and hybrid spermbots, can be designed with complex features that are best for precise targeting of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we mainly focus on the idea of how microrobots can quickly target cancer cells and discuss specific advantages of microrobots. A brief summary of the microrobots' drug loading and release behavior is provided in this manuscript. This manuscript will assist clinicians and other medical professionals in diagnosing and treating cancer without surgery. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmaceutical industry is one that does not suffer from the effects of a recession. Higher consumption is driven by the ever-increasing population as well as the standard of living to do with drugs. It had been more or less steady at roughly 21 new medications being discovered each year, but over the past decade, the cost of discovery has been escalating by leaps and bounds, and it is projected that it will cost approximately $2 billion to $4 billion per molecule at the present time. The new medication the process of discovery is burdened with a high rate of failure. There is a lot of pressure put on the person who owns the patent to recoup their investment before the patent runs out. As a result, fraudulent activities are relatively prevalent in this sector. In addition to this, the sector is extremely knowledge-intensive. Therefore, it is extremely important for businesses to recruit the proper people, to keep hold of those individuals once they have been hired, and to keep those people engaged. This sector has a rather high employee turnover rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 due to its high ionic conductivity seems to be a promising solid electrolyte material for all solid state lithium ion batteries. Multiple ion doping is an effective way to enhance the structural and transport properties of Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte. In this work, the effect of F− doping at O2− site in Li6.4Al0.2La3Zr2O12 electrolyte has been investigated with the help of XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman and impedance spectroscopy. The formation of a garnet-like cubic phase and partial substitution of F− at the O2− site is confirmed by the XRD pattern. The SEM images show the formation of highly dense microstructure. The optimum relative density of 91% has been obtained for the sample with x = 0.2. The formation of a pure cubic phase with the Ia 3 ¯ d space group is also confirmed by Raman spectra and TEM data for this sample. While the impedance spectroscopy result shows that 0.2 mol of F− doping at O2− site in Li6.4Al0.2La3Zr2O12 electrolyte material gives optimum ionic conductivity of 3.18 × 10–4 S/cm with activation energy of 0.24 eV. The modulus and dielectric studies confirm the presence of a well-defined relaxation process for the sample with x = 0.2. All of the studies suggest that partial substitution of fluorine at oxygen site helps in improving the structural and transport properties of Li6.4Al0.2La3Zr2O12 garnet structured solid electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Enhanced storage with coral microstructures. • Improved specific capacitance of 360 F/g. • Enhanced capacitance retention and cycle life for V 2 O 5 nanostructures. Energy storage devices forms lifeline for most modern devices. The short life cycle and lower power density of batteries has prompted development of supercapacitors as potential alternatives. Li-ion supercapacitors, is an emerging class of energy storage devices. Natural abundance and availability of variable oxidation states make V 2 O 5 an attractive electrode material. Here, we report synthesis of coral microspheres of V 2 O 5 using low temperature solvothermal technique, as electrode material for Li-ion supercapacitor. The annealing temperature plays a cucial role in formation of microspherical aggregates, dictates their surface area and hence the energy storage performance. Samples annealed at 400 °C showed specific capacitance of ∼360 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g. Our studies suggest that V 2 O 5 based nanostructures holds significant potential for development of hybrid Li-ion supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for alternative energy sources grows, new electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors are being developed. Heteroatom doped rGO sheets have attracted much attention in recent time. S and N doped rGO was prepared at various temperatures by a simple and low cost hydrothermal method in the present work. The successful formation of S and N doped rGO sheets is confirmed by structural characterization of prepared samples. The EDX and BET surface analysis shows the optimum doping of S and N and the highest surface area in SNrGO-140 sample, respectively. The electrochemical profile study shows that the SNrGO-140 has the maximum specific capacitance value of 332.5 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. The result observed suggested that S and N doped rGO prepared at 140 °C is the suitable electrode material to be used in high energy electrochemical supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and global health issue. It arises because of an absolute or relative insulin deficiency that causes hyperglycemia. The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, and renal protective effects of ethanolic fruit extract of Moringa oleifera, on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Four mice were assigned to each group. Alloxan was injected at the dose of 10mg/kg/body weight intraperitoneally to make the diabetic model in mice. Control and diabetic control mice received drinking water as a placebo, while the diabetic model mice group was administered with ethanolic extract of moringa fruit at the dose of 150mg/kg/bodyweight for 12 weeks. After that, animals were sacrificed, and their blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examination. The glucose level markedly (p<0.0001) increased many folds in Group I (80.73± 1.24 to 221.5±13.4) and Group II (80.73 ± 1.24 from to 221.9±6.88). The level of insulin markedly (P< 0.0001) decreased in both groups (6.8±0.42 to1.378±0.19) and (6.8±0.42 to1.138±0.08) respectively. Serum hepatic and renal marker enzymes increased in the diabetic group of mice. Glucose level was meaningfully (p<0.0001) decreased in the M. oleifera administered group while serum insulin level significantly (p<0.0001) increased. The level of liver marker enzyme and renal marker also decreased as compared to the diabetic control group. Histopathological study revealed that alloxan treatment caused damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues while the M. oleifera administered group exhibited significant improvement in the architecture of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Hence, M. oleifera has great potential to rejuvenate the damaged tissue and consequently can restore all the serum enzymatic and hormonal parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we investigate the electron density observations from the Langmuir probes (LPs) onboard low Earth orbiting (LEO) Swarm satellites. To accentuate its employability in model improvements, we compared the extracted F2 region critical electron density (foF2) and its corresponding altitude (hmF2) with the Digisonde observations and IRI-Plas 2017 model estimations at eight worldwide Digisonde locations during the year 2020. We attempted to visualize the discrepancy in magnitude between Swarm observation and IRI-Plas 2017 by independent simulation and then optionally ingesting the Digisonde foF2 and hmF2 parameters into the model. The results show that during nighttime, Swarm LP measured electron density model overestimates the IRI-Plas 2017 modeled electron density for all the stations. To confirm the above results, a comparison analysis has been performed for the Ne-Swarm A and Swarm B observations with that of IRI-2016 simulated output keeping the topside sub model as NeQuick along with other default options. The results show that Ne from Swarm A and Swarm B is higher than IRI-2016 estimations during the nighttime with the ratio ranging from 1 to 5 whereas during the daytime the ratio remains 0 to 1. This confirms that Swarm Ne observations have significantly higher values during nighttime over global region, reinforcing further studies on the surged nighttime variables. It has been also observed that there is no latitudinal disperency between Swarm and IRI-Plas 2017 modeled or IRI-2016 modeled observations. • The Swarm measured electron density underestimates IRI-Plas 2017 model values during daytime and vice versa. • The overestimation of Swarm observations over IRI-Plas 2017 or IRI-2016 model has no latitudinal disperency. • The underestimation of IRI-Plas 2017 model during nighttime is further magnified for higher altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic solid electrolyte materials have great potential to overcome the issues of conventionally used organic liquid electrolyte materials in lithium ion batteries. Garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12 based solid electrolyte materials having high ionic conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical stability and most importantly excellent stability with respect to lithium metal anode seems to be the most promising candidate to be applied in all solid-state lithium ion batteries. Garnet-structured electrolyte materials synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method requires intermittent grinding and calcination steps along with sufficiently high temperature and long time for sintering. A significant amount of lithium is lost during this lengthy synthesis process, resulting in lower ionic conductivity and bulk density. Since these two factors play the most important role in the performance of an electrolyte, therefore, some other synthesis methods are required, which help in enhancing the performance of Li7La3Zr2O12 based electrolytes and also are easy to operate, ecofriendly and cost effective. Here an overview of the various synthesis methods has been provided and their feasibility for Li7La3Zr2O12 based solid electrolyte material preparation, in the context of their ionic conductivity enhancement and commercial applicability have been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the hemispheric symmetric and asymmetric characteristics of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its dependency on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the northern and southern polar ionosphere. The changes in amplitude and phase scintillation are also probed through Global Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitoring (GISTM) systems recordings at North pole [Himadri station; Geographic 78°55′ N, 11°56′ E] and South pole [Maitri station; Geographic 70°46′ S 11°44′ E]. Observations show the range of %TEC variability being relatively more over Antarctic region (−40 % to 60 %) than Arctic region (−25 % to 25 %), corroborating the role of the dominant solar photoionization production process. Our analysis confirms that TEC variation at polar latitudes is a function of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, depending on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation and magnitude in the X ( B x Bx), Y ( B y By), and Z ( B z Bz) plane. Visible enhancement in TEC is noticed in the northern polar latitude when B x < 0 Bx<0 , B y < − 6 nT By<-6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nT} or B y > 6 nT By>6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nT} and B z > 0 Bz>0 whereas the southern polar latitude perceives TEC enhancements with B x > 0 Bx>0 , − 6 nT < B y < 6 nT -6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nT}

Increasing trends in the occurrence of diabetes underline the need to develop low glycemic index (GI) rice with preferred grain quality. In the current study, a diverse set of 3 K sub-panel of rice consisting of 150 accessions was evaluated for resistant starch and predicted glycemic index, including nine other quality traits under transplanted situation. Significant variations were noticed among the accessions for the traits evaluated. Trait associations had shown that amylose content possess significant positive and negative association with resistant starch and predicted glycemic index. Genome-wide association studies with 500 K SNPs based on MLM model resulted in a total of 41 marker-trait associations (MTAs), which were further confirmed and validated with mrMLM multi-locus model. We have also determined the allelic effect of identified MTAs for 11 targeted traits and found favorable SNPs for 8 traits. A total of 11 genes were selected for haplo-pheno analysis to identify the superior haplotypes for the target traits where haplotypes ranges from 2 (Os10g0469000-GC) to 15 (Os06g18720-AC). Superior haplotypes for RS and PGI, the candidate gene Os06g11100 (H4-3.28% for high RS) and Os08g12590 (H13-62.52 as intermediate PGI). The identified superior donors possessing superior haplotype combinations may be utilized in Haplotype-based breeding to developing next-generation tailor-made high quality healthier rice varieties suiting consumer preference and market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating IoT with Wireless Ad hoc Network (WANET) capabilities can solve several problems. However, because they both rely on identity nodes to communicate with each other, they are both vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Sybil attackers illegally change into several different identities (attackers) to carry out various malicious activities such as damaging data aggregation, voting, and disrupting routing. Several defense machineries have been proposed for Sybil attacks on WANET, which are mostly based on cryptography, location or position, network behavior, resource testing, and trust. However, the drawbacks are that not all machinery are suitable for use in networks with limited resources. This paper presents a survey, classification, and comparison of various defense machineries that have been proposed for non-IoT WANETs. The author emphasizes the issue of the advantages and disadvantages of this defense mechanism when applied to the IoT infrastructure and how each method can effectively recognize properties of Sybil attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fully mechanised mining method using continuous miner (CM) for pillar extraction in single-pass is introduced in the year 2010 at Pinoura Mine of South Eastern Coalfields Limited, Bilaspur in India. Overall mining cycle time is reduced by single-pass pillar extraction as it does not require drivage of split galleries in pillars and support installation for such galleries. Further, inherent technical abilities of the deployed CM for faster cutting and quad-bolter for supporting, helped in faster recovery of pillars without creating any strata control issues. Rate of face advance varied between 5–15m/day with an average of 8m/day. Field observations found that CM based single-pass extraction is capable in dealing with the strata control issues during depillaring under weak and laminated (incompetent in nature) roof layers having rock mass rating value around 42. A total of eleven panels, have been depillared under the weak and laminated geology, ranging depth of cover from 59 to 149m in different panels of the mine. During field investigations in these panels, a maximum of 2.89MPa induced vertical stress is recorded and influence of caved roof over underground mining structures is observed up to 15m in the out-bye from the goaf edge. This paper deals with estimation of snook size and limiting roof movement value based on numerical simulation and field studies during the single-pass extraction below the incompetent geological formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes and related peripheral neuropathy result in various sensory and motor complications. Such changes are documented early and more precisely in nerve conduction studies than in clinical evaluation and quantitative sensory testing. Different exercises and mobilization also affect the same differently. Objective: This review aimed to compile the current evidence on the effectiveness of exercises and manual therapy on nerve conduction studies of lower limbs in patients with diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Studies that examined the effects of different exercises and manual therapy on nerve conduction studies of lower limbs in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy were searched on available databases. The PRISMA statement was followed. Quality check was done using the Pedro scale. Results: Thirteen studies matched the inclusion criteria. Interventions included moderate-intensity aerobic exercises, resistance exercises, tai chi exercises, sensorimotor and gait training, neurodynamic mobilization, and a combination of aerobics and resistance training. Conclusion: The present systematic review suggests that 8 to 12 weeks of physical exercise improves nerve conduction velocity of the motor tibial, peroneal nerve, and sensory sural nerve in diabetes with or without peripheral neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Radar Cross Section (RCS) plays a crucial role in radar systems, serving to detect and characterize radar targets. Moreover, the need to penetrate foliage and capture images of man-made structures like roads and buildings has driven the development of very high frequency/ultra high frequency (VHF/UHF)-based radar systems. In this context, we propose a novel polyphase-coded spread spectrum (PCSS) radar system designed for RCS measurements and ISAR imaging over VHF/UHF radio channels in open environments. To provide a comprehensive understanding, we examined the open range, considering factors such as amplitude distribution function, root mean square (RMS) delay, and coherence bandwidth, followed by a link budget analysis. We also conducted a comparative study of RCS measurements to evaluate the performance of the proposed radar system, demonstrating its effectiveness through theoretical calculations. Furthermore, we assessed the radar imaging capabilities by applying the CLEAN algorithm to improve the quality of the generated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of π-conjugated polymer based electronic devices is directly governed by the molecular morphology of polymer aggregation, the extent to which a molecule is electronically coupled (self ordered and interacted) to neighboring molecules, and orientation. The well electronic coupled and crystalline/ordered polymer films have the potential to enhance the charge transport properties up to a benchmark. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the direct formation of large area, oriented, crystalline, and smooth films. In this study, we have presented Langmuir Schaefer technique to obtain the large area, oriented, crystalline, and smooth film of Poly (3,3'''- dialkylquarterthiophene) (PQT-12) polymer. The effect of self ordering and orientation of PQT-12 polymer on optical, morphological, and charge transport properties has been investigated. The prepared films have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffractions pattern (SAED), and atomic force micros- copy (AFM) techniques. UV-vis spectra, TEM, SAED, and AFM images of monolayer films reveal the formation of well ordered and electronically coupled polymer domains. Layer by layer deposited films reveal the change in the orientation, which is confirmed by Raman spectra. Electronic properties and layer dependent charge transport properties are investigated using sandwiched structure Al/PQT-12/ITO Schottky configuration with perpendicular to the deposited films. It is observed that the charge transport properties and device electronic parameters (ideality factor and turn on voltage) are significantly changing with increasing the number of PQT-12 layers. Our study also demonstrates the charge transport between polymer crystallites and cause of deviation of ideal behavior of organic Schottky diodes. It may be further explored for improving the performance of other organic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intention of the present article is to examine the transient effect on the free convection of the second- grade fluid flowing in a vertical cylinder. We have found the analytical solution of the derived governing partial differential equations in nondimensional form corresponding to the velocity as well as the temperature fields by applying the Laplace transformation method in terms of the Bessel function of the first kind. To obtain the impacts of the appropriate parameters related to the given equations, such as the second-grade fluid parameter and the Prandtl number, the numerical values of the velocity are discussed and displayed in graphs. Furthermore, the mass flow rate and the skin friction at the inner surface of the cylinder are given in a tabular form. The influence of the second-grade fluid parameter is to decelerate the velocity as well as the mass flow rate and to enhance the steady-state time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presents a novel computationally efficient transmission policy for throughput maximization over point-to-point sensor links employing harvest-use-store protocol with finite storage capacity battery. In these settings, under finite averaging duration constraint, the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) technique provides the optimal solution for throughput maximization, but the implementation complexity for SDP is prohibitively large. Thus, there is a need to explore new solutions that can provide near-optimal throughput with lower implementation complexity. The work in this paper presents a adaptive transmission policy based on uniform thresholding that achieves a near-optimal throughput obtainable by SDP. Quantitative comparison with optimal online policies shows that the proposed policy attains performance close to SDP with lower implementation complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Comparison of Swarm observations with Digisonde and IRI estimations. • Comparison of COSMIC RO observations, Digisonde and IRI estimations. • Comparison of COSMIC, Digisonde and IRI Ne profile for the matched peak. We examine the systematic differences between topside electron density measurements recorded by different techniques over the low-middle latitude operating European station in Nicosia, Cyprus (geographical coordinates: 35.14oN, 33.2oE), (magnetic coordinates 31.86oN, 111.83 oE). These techniques include space-based in-situ data by Langmuir probes on board. European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm satellites, radio occultation measurements on board low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission and ground-based extrapolated topside electron density profiles from manually scaled ionograms. The measurements are also compared with International Reference Ionosphere Model (IRI-2016) topside estimations and IRI-corrected NeQuick topside formulation (method proposed by Pezzopane and Pignalberi (2019)). The comparison of Swarm and COSMIC observations with digisonde and IRI estimations verifies that in the majority of cases digisonde underestimates while IRI overestimates Swarm observations but in general, IRI provides a better topside representation than the digisonde. For COSMIC and digisonde profiles matched at the F layer peak the digisonde systematically underestimates topside COSMIC electron density values and the relative difference between COSMIC and digisonde increases with altitude (above hm F2), while IRI overestimates the topside COSMIC electron density but after a certain altitude (~150 km above hm F2) this overestimation starts to decrease with altitude. The IRI-corrected NeQuick underestimates the majority of topside COSMIC electron density profiles and relative difference is lower up to approximately 100 km (above the hm F2) and then it increases. The overall performance of IRI-corrected NeQuick improves with respect to IRI and digisonde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the variation of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) derived from global positioning system (GPS) observations at a low latitude station in Magna (Station code: RASH, Geographic coordinate: 28°17′N, 34°47′E), Saudi Arab. The study includes a linear regression method for validating the relationship between regional TEC and solar indices during the period 2015–2017 representing the descending phase of 24th solar cycle. The results show a relatively better agreement of diurnal variation of TEC with solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux (0.1–50 nm wavelength) as compared to the Sunspot number (SSN) and 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7). Interestingly, the seasonal variation shows a higher magnitude of TEC during the winter season as compared to the summer and fall equinox seasons, which is reported as the winter anomaly over the low latitude region. The correlation coefficient between VTEC and solar indices is also higher during the winter as compared to summer season. Concerning diurnal variability, the results show a higher correlation coefficient during the local noon time (1200SAST) that gradually descends towards evening time (1800SAST) and after that decays during the night time (2100SAST) to attend the diurnal minima. This manifests the diurnal solar irradiance dependence over the low latitude region. Moreover, the lesser agreement in the linear relationship between the TEC and solar indices during the year 2015 than the year 2017 substantiates the dependence of TEC magnitude and vitiations on solar activity. The outcomes from this strengthens the regional understanding and modeling of ionospheric parameters and would complement towards the global efforts for modeling and mitigating the ionospheric effects on transionospheric communication, timing and navigation services. Above all, the intents of this study are in line with the augmentation of aviation services performances in Saudi Arab that plays a vital role in the international civil aviation and logistic trade due to its central geographic location. • GPS-TEC variability is investigated over Saudi Arab region during 2015–2017. • Solar EUV shows an excellent correlation with local GPS-TEC variability. • Magnitude of VTEC is highest during winter as compared to summer and equinox. • Lower correlation between Solar indices and VTEC in 2015 refers to geomagnetic disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest(radio), as well as Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television). In this paper we have discuss about the services and the quality with basic comparison between the different telecom companies. Numbers of telecom companies providing telecom services in Saudi Arabia which includes fixed and cellular phones as well as internet and issues relating to the provision of other services. Main telecom companies in Saudi Arabia are: STC, Mobily, Zain, ITC, GO Telecom (Etihad Atheeb Telecom), Bayanat and Arab Satellite Communications Organization. Saudi Telecom Company (STC) is the first company in Saudi Arabia, and then allowed Communications Commission to compete with other companies in Saudi Arabia and then it becomes a number one of telecom companies. In Saudi Arabia five companies are in competition: STC Mobile: STC includes landlines, mobile, mobile (phone) and Sawa; ITC (Integrated Telecom Company): second operator after STC and offers internet, broadband, connectivity and satellite services for businesses, consumers and wholesale; Mobily: It provide mobile and internet Fabraupetk (Fiber Optic) New Ground; Zain: its provide only mobile services; GO ATHEEB: A Saudi modern, with an Internet connection line is similar to Ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In typical urban or suburban environments, multipath poses a serious threat to the accuracy of position determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. In this paper, a novel multipath mitigation technique is proposed for general multipath scenarios encountered in the urban settings. In the proposed technique, a double differentiated correlation function based histogram output is used to estimate the code delay. It is shown that the proposed technique provides significant improvements over the current state of the art techniques like high resolution correlator/double delta correlator and narrow correlator. The results hold for general multipath models for the mobile-satellite channels. The performance guarantees include closed form expressions for the probability of correct delay estimate and simulation results for the average range error variation with respect to carrier to noise ratio (CNR), signal bandwidth and different channel settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the ionospheric response to the severe geomagnetic storms on St. Patrick's Day (17 March 2015) and the strong geomagnetic storm (7 October 2015) over the low latitude Saudi Arab region. The GNSS-TEC observations over low latitude RASH station ( 28 ∘ 29 ′ N , 34 ∘ 46 ′ E ) in Saudi Arab confirms that the spatial-temporal alterations over the region not only solely depends on the low latitude electrodynamics but also relies on the high and mid electrodynamics. During the St. Patrick's Day storm, minimum Dst has reached to −223 nT with AE enhancement up to 2215 nT and VTEC values shown maximum enhancement of 250.16% with comparison to average quiet days VTEC, which is known as the positive effect of geomagnetic storm. The positive response of the VTEC has been observed over the region due to the coexistence of Prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) with the prevailed long duration Disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF). The F2 layer gets uplifted with the enhanced fountain effect through the equatorial E × B drift, which is observed with the enhancement in hmF2 and enhancement in O/N2 ratio. Concerning the strong geomagnetic storm event on 7 October 2015, minimum Dst has reached to −124 nT with AE enhancement up to 1209.30 nT and VTEC values shown minimum decrement of − 72.14 % as compared to the average quiet days VTEC, which is known as the negative effect of geomagnetic storm. The negative response of VTEC has been observed during the main phase of the storm, possibly due to the consequences of suppressed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) over the observatory station. The negative response has been described by the downward movement of F2 layer with apparent reduction in hmF2 and depletion in O/N2 ratio over the low latitude region. The results during the storm period also demonstrate that the intensity of amplitude scintillation is enhanced over the low latitude region whose magnitude depends on the severity of the geomagnetic storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an energy harvesting communication system, the main challenge is to improve network lifetime and maximize throughput by allocating optimal power over a finite span of time, with varying channel and energy. Considering (1) causal state information (SI) of channel and energy (CSI and ESI) and (2) energy storage device imperfections, the problem of power allocation is solved using dynamic programming. As compared to the battery, the supercapacitor is a good alternative for network lifetime improvement, but the imperfections hinder the performance. In this paper, imperfections (storage inefficiency and energy leakage equation) are modeled for supercapacitor and battery. We consider a constant leakage rate for battery. Also, the imperfections of battery and supercapacitor are compared to find which imperfection of supercapacitor is a bottleneck in system performance in different settings (varying channel conditions). The analysis is supported by numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major constraints in hybrid rice breeding are availability of limited number of parental lines with specific desirable traits and lower frequency of restorers among elite breeding lines. The popular, high-yielding mega-rice variety Swarna, has been identified to be a partial restorer (as it has only one of major fertility restorer genes, Rf4) and hence cannot be utilized directly in the hybrid rice breeding. To convert the partial restorer to complete restorer, a cross was made between Swarna and a stable restorer KMR3R possessing Rf3 and Rf4 genes and developed BC1F5 and BC2F4 populations by marker-assisted back cross breeding (MABB). The SSR marker DRRM-RF3-10 linked to Rf3 gene located on chromosome 1, clearly distinguished restorers from partial restorers. All the improved lines of Swarna possessing Rf3 and Rf4 genes showed complete fertility restoration in test crosses with higher grain yield heterosis. Few rice hybrids developed by using converted restorers were evaluated in multi location testing under the All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP). The results indicated that new rice hybrids expressed higher heterosis with matching grain quality attributes like Swarna. This study provides significantly novel and relevant restorers to enhance and economize future hybrid rice breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on cloud Data Governance (DG) for High Performance Computing (HPC) Cloud data Centre focusing on IaaS cloud service. To ensure the service provided to users is secured, HPCC are required to be certified by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Therefore, IaaS security checklist is needed to measure the IaaS service provided. In depth interview results shows that failure in implementing good DG not only will put HPC data center at risks, but also will leads to business failure and recovery process might take more effort than some organizations might have imagined. At the end of paper, a cloud DG security checklist for IaaS security is proposed based on the ISO/IEC 27012 and applied by identified HPC cloud data center to improve the security of IaaS services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rust preventive oil (RPO) provides temporary protection to steel during storage and transit. Premature failure occurs as surface defects due to inefficient RPO quality. Conventional corrosion tests like salt spray and cyclic corrosion provide minimum information about corrosion mechanism. We applied separately three RPO, named here as A–C, on bearing steels and their corrosion performance was examined by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). The corrosion potential of samples lowered after oil application. It seems that oil film delayed oxygen reduction reaction. Later, oiled samples were exposed in salt spray test (SST) and again examined by SKP at different time interval. The SKP result showed that oiled sample A corrosion potential increased during SST exposure. Oil A might develop passivity on steel surface. It is also supported by least red rust formed on oiled sample A in SST. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma and chemical analysis of oils were performed to interpret the SKP outcome. Oil A possesses low oxidation peak, low total acid number, and high total base number that signify higher corrosion resistant. Finally, SKP findings are in‐line with the conventional corrosion tests‐salt spray and condensation water tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the fabrication of organic Schottky diodes on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by electrochemically polymerized polycarbazole (PCz) with configuration ITO/PCz/Al. The diode has been characterized in respect of electrical and optical properties. The study involves estimation of optical bandgap of the polymer from UV-visible spectroscopic measurements. The current-voltage (J-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Schottky diode were subsequently used for extracting electronic parameters of the device such as ideality factor, barrier height, reverse saturation current, built-in potential, depletion width, doping concentration, etc. The photoresponse of the Schottky contact was measured by illuminating the device with a laser source operating at 650 nm having an incident optical power density of 10 mW/cm2. The device exhibits a high value of peak detectivity (∼107 cm Hz1/2 W-1) near zero bias voltage and the same attains a value of the order of 109 cm Hz1/2 W-1 at a reverse bias of -6 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular blasting in opencast coal mines generates significant ground vibrations, impacting mine slope stability and posing risks to life and property. This study focuses on monitoring ground vibrations in an opencast coal mine through near-field monitoring and investigating the impact of blast-induced seismic loading on slope stability. The approach involves a pseudostatic method utilising Strength Reduction Factor (SRF), based on Finite Element (FE) numerical modelling software. The study examines a pit slope with a tension crack under seismic loading, varying the intensity of seismic coefficients (Ks) from 0 to 0.5. These coefficients are determined through field vibration monitoring during production blasts. In numerical modelling, seismic loading is considered in both horizontal (outward of slope face) and vertically downward (in-line with gravity) directions. Numerical modelling incorporates dimensionless horizontal seismic coefficient (Kh) and vertical seismic coefficient (Kv), and both directions which is expressed as Seismic Coefficient Ratio (SCR) which is the ratio of Kv and Kh for interpretation of results. Although SCR induces changes in the Factor of Safety (FoS), its impact is minimal compared to seismic loading solely in the horizontal direction. Consequently, increasing SCR leads to a decrease in FoS. The study observes that Peak Ground acceleration (PGA) in the longitudinal direction has greater dominance than in the transverse direction. Additionally, the seismic wave in the horizontal direction destabilises the slope more than the corresponding vertical seismic wave. These findings are elucidated in the context of the Critical Slip Surface (CSS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar cycle variation and seasonal changes significantly affects the ionization process of earth's ionosphere and required to be monitored in real time basis for regional level refinement of existing models. In view of this, the present study has been carried out by using the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) data observed with the help of Global Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitoring (GISTM) system installed at Indian Antarctic Research Station, "Maitri" [70°46′00″S 11°43′56″E] during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle. The daily values of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux (0.1–50 nm wavelength), 10.7 cm radio flux F 10.7 and Sunspot number (SSN) has been taken as a proxy to represent the solar cycle variation to correlate with TEC. The linear regression results revels better correlation of TEC with EUV flux rather than F 10.7 and SSN. Also, the EUV and TEC show better agreement during summer as compared to winter and equinox period. Correlation between TEC and EUV appears significantly noticeable during ten internationally defined quiet days of each month (stable background geophysical condition) as compared to the overall days (2010–2014). Further, saturation effect has been observed on TEC values during the solar maxima year 2014. The saturation effects are more prominent during the night hours of winter and equinox season due to transportation losses manifested by the equator-ward direction of meridional wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The article provides the observational evidence of seasonal behavior of the sub-auroral ionosphere to the adverse space weather conditions. • The present work is also an attempt to show the association of H-M boundary with the nature of sub-auroral ionospheric behavior. • The investigation reveals that O/N 2 ratio plays important role over the sub-auroral ionospheric region to decide the nature of effect i.e. negative or positive impact. Abstract The present work is an attempt to evaluate the impact of changing space weather condition over sub-auroral ionosphere during high solar activity year 2014. In view of this, the GPS based TEC along with Ionosonde data over Indian permanent scientific base "Maitri", Antarctica (70°46′00″S, 11°43′56″E) has been utilized. The results suggested that the nature of ionospheric responses to the geomagnetic disturbances not only depended upon the status of high latitudinal electro-dynamic processes but also influenced by the seasonal variations. The results revel both negative and positive type of ionospheric response in a single year but during different seasons. The study suggested that the combination of equator-ward plasma transportation along with ionospheric compositional changes causes a negative ionospheric impact especially during summer and equinox seasons. However, the combination of pole-ward contraction of the oval region along with particle precipitation may lead to exhibit positive ionospheric response during the winter season. The plasma transportation direction has been validated with the help of convection boundary (HM boundary) deduced with the help of SuperDARN observations. The ground based ionosonde observations clearly provided the evidence of deep penetration of high energetic particles up to the E-layer heights which results a sudden and strong appearance of E-layer. The strengthening of E-layer is responsible for modification of auroral electrojet and field-aligned current system. Also, the sudden appearance of E-layer along with a decrease in F-layer electron density suggested the dominance of NO+ over O+ in a considered region under geomagnetic disturbed condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a power system turns out to be all the more heavily loaded and more unpredictable, maintaining stability becomes a difficult issue. In this paper, we propose an optimal control procedure for power system adjustment utilizing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in a coordinated power system. In modern applications, the most generally utilized controller is the PID controller, which necessitates productive techniques to control the distinctive parameters of the plant. The proposed strategy uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm-based way to deal with producing the optimal tuning parameters. This paper investigates the execution of the power system and dynamic execution of the controller is compared with the conventional controller with approval of the adequacy of the proposed mixture controller. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system has upgraded the system stability of the power system all the more adequately existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) is a novel next-generation data transfer technique. FBMC has a large number of benefits over conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The FBMC scheme suffers from imaginary interference, which degrades the bit error rate (BER) performance at the receiver. In the recent past, inter carrier interference (ICI)-free Alamouti-coded FBMC frame and block repetition schemes for BER improvement were discussed. However, in the analysis, various interfering terms are neglected. In this work to reduce ICI and inter symbol interference (ISI), the concept of inverse filtering is applied while considering other interfering terms. Inverse filtering can be used to reduce the negative impacts of the ICI and ISI. This is determined by mathematical modelling that includes the ICI, ISI, and other interfering parameters. The simulation is performed in MATLABR software. The obtained BER at an SNR of 15 dB is 2.3 × 10−4.The simulation results are also compared with some of the recent methods, and it has been found that the proposed scheme is better in comparison to the considered recent methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an essential to tune the charge carrier concentrations in semiconductor in order to approach high-performance of the electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the effect of thin layer of gold (Au) metal on few layer (FL) molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and electrical charge transport measurements. The Raman spectra and charge transport measurements show that Au thin layer affect the electronic properties of the FL MoS 2 . After deposition of Au thin layer, the threshold voltages of FL MoS 2 field-effect transistors (FETs) shift towards positive gate voltages, this reveal the p-doping in FL MoS 2 nanosheets. The shift of peak frequencies of the Raman bands are also analyzed after the deposition of Au metal films of different thickness on FL MoS 2 nanosheets. The surface morphology of Au metal on FL MoS 2 is characterized by AFM and shows the smoother and denser film in comparison to Au metal on SiO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring the charge carriers of two-dimensional (2D) materials is essential for high performance optoelectronic devices. The surface transfer doping by adsorption of molecules on 2D crystals is an attractive technique to tune the properties. Here, we study the change in the electronic transport properties of monolayer graphene (MLG) by surface doping with two different types of molecules. An effect of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and chlorobenzene molecular doping on the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity of chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown MLG was carried out by Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurement. The shifting of Raman peaks toward higher wave number and shifting of Dirac points toward positive gate voltage confirmed that the surface doping of graphene with MIBK and chlorobenzene molecules induced holes doping effect. The molecular doping approach significantly improved the carrier concentration of CVD grown MLG, which is a promising result. Our study will be useful for understanding as well as improvement of graphene based electronic device research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called "kissing aneurysms" or "mirror aneurysm" are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm's morphology and planning treatment accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports a simple thermal annealing‐assisted direct synthesis method to prepare copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles incorporated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films and a systematic study of their optical properties. CuO‐PVA nanocomposite films are prepared with a different weight percentage of CuO in the PVA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy are employed to study the prepared films. XRD confirms the formation of crystalline CuO nanoparticles in PVA, while the SEM analysis shows uniformly distributed spherical nanoparticles in PVA. The findings show that thermal annealing at a mild temperature plays a crucial role in improving the crystallinity and optical properties of the nanocomposite film. In comparison to PVA, CuO‐PVA nanocomposite exhibits improved absorption with a new absorption band in the lower wavelength region. The nanocomposite samples excited with 300 nm show intense photoluminescence (PL) at 365 nm and an increase of PL intensity with CuO concentration in the PVA matrix. In contrast, samples excited with 425 nm show green emission at 550 nm in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The PL in CuO‐PVA nanocomposites can be originated due to the transitions associated with acceptor and donor defects in the material. The study opens up a new route to fabricate CuO‐PVA nanocomposites with superior optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of a natural support like pillar, fender, rib/ snook is fundamental for the success of a bord and pillar mining. In fact, the stability of these supports becomes more important at the time of depillaring than the development. An application of mechanised depillaring, utilising continuous miner (CM), provides faster rate of extraction and, therefore, the roof is not supported during the slicing operation. However, the slicing of an existing square or rectangular type pillar provides irregular shaped rib/ snook. Available conventional approaches are difficult to be applied for the design of such a rib/snook. Even the scope of application of a foreign design approach for the rib/ snook design is limited, mainly, due to the uniqueness of rock mass and site conditions of Indian coalfields. Considering these facts, a systematic study on numerical models in laboratory is undertaken to understand the required competency of a rib/snook at different stages of a mechanised depillaring operation. Giving a brief background of different important field trials of the mechanised depillaring in Indian coalfields, this paper describes the modelling approach and presents results of these models to show the effectiveness of different sizes of ribs/snooks at different stages of the depillaring. Considering the scope of strata dynamics at the goaf edges, some practical considerations for rib/snook design are also discussed on the basis of different field experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the reflectivity and insertion loss characteristics of Boron Nitride (BN) and Sapphire RF windows for a 95-GHz Gaussian RF beam of a 100-kW gyrotron. The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel’s formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electromagnetic wave at the boundary between two media. The return loss of the RF windows of 95 GHz was found to be less than −46.8 dB for BN and less than −57.8 dB for Sapphire, and the transmission loss of the RF windows was better than −0.06 dB for BN and better than −0.01 dB for Sapphire. Furthermore, the heat load due to RF power absorption over the disk surface has been calculated. The Sapphire RF windows have been found with lower heat load and deflection, and higher tensile stress than that of BN. The allowable stress level for Sapphire is higher than that of BN; therefore, using Sapphire is structurally safer to use. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Zinc modified barium zirconium titanate ceramics have been fabricated by the solid-state reaction method. Crystallographic analysis shows that the ceramics exhibit tetragonal crystal structure with P4mm symmetry. The polar behavior of Zn doped BaZr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 [BZT] differs from the pure BZT compound, as observed from ferroelectric analysis. As a result of doping, the P-E loops become pinched and linear in the low field region as well as P-E loop characteristics transformed from single hysteresis to double hysteresis behavior. Double hysteresis behavior emerging in BZT ferroelectrics validates the leading characteristic of defective dipoles. The defect dipoles provide restoring force to the spontaneous dipoles and ease the recovery of domain towards its original orientation. To validate the role of defects dipoles in the synthesized ceramics, we performed P-E hysteresis measurement under field cooling protocol. P-E loops of field cooled doped-ceramics transformed into single hysteresis curve and shifts on field scale, which further confirms that the double hysteresis feature is associated with defects dipoles rather than antiferroelectric ordering. The normalized entropy curves, Δ S (E , T , x) / Δ S max (E , T C , x) , for x = 0–6%, follow the scheme of master curve with two reference temperatures and consistent with second-order phase transition theory. The dielectric spectroscopy and Arrott plot approach collectively reveal that Zn doping causes sharpening of Landau free energy profiles and doping increases the depth of double-well potential and lowers the polar dynamics. The room temperature energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 83 , x = 6 %) of BZT is significantly modified. Our study reveals that the interplay between ferroelectric dipoles and point defects opens a novel route toward the realization of efficient energy storage performance. [Display omitted] • Zinc doped BaZr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 ceramics were fabricated by solid state reaction method. • Zn doping causes sharpening of Landau free energy profiles and doping increases depth of double well potential. • Field cooled analysis suggests that Double hysteresis activity in doped BaZr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 is associated with defects dipoles, rather than antiferroelectricity. • Ferroelectric analysis discloses the crucial interplay between defect dipoles and double hysteresis phenomena and their correlation with energy storage functionality. • The room temperature energy storage efficiency is significantly enhanced with Zn doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectronic medicine has tremendous potential in biomedical sector including oncology research, research on biomechanical and chemical properties of cells and biomaterials, healing bone tissue using electromagnetic fields, and understanding bioelectrical properties of aging. Bioelectronic medicine uses electricity to alter the body's electrical communication systems in order to treat various illnesses. The bioelectric circuits produce an endogenous electric field and a resting voltage when the cells are functioning and communicating. Oncology research has gained considerable interest focused on the development of emerging bioelectric cancer medicines. Reprogrammable circuits that underlie cancer, regeneration, and embryogenesis are known as bioelectric signalling. It is possible to create new therapeutic options to slow the spread of cancer by taking advantage of the bioelectric properties of cancer cells. The treatment of cancer may benefit from bioelectronic medicine. We looked into the value of bioelectrical energy in the fight against disease. This communication also covered the methods for therapeutically controlling this fatal illness. It is crucial to identify or measure the electrical activity of body cells in order to control or modify bioelectricity and bring about changes in cell structure. Knowledge of the cell-to-cell ionic interaction, faradaic processes, and their function in developing cancer phenotypes may improve cancer treatment approaches. With new evidence supporting an electrical mechanism that promotes this phenomenon, the data may also help us understand cancer metastasis better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the correlation of tetragonality factor and underlying ferroelectric response via performing B-site doping, more competent in comparison to A-site. B-site doping opens a route toward optimization of various physical parameters via promoting the off-centering of central ions. Here, we provide detailed investigation of the effect of doping in Ba 0.85 Sr 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 (BSZT) modified with x wt. % CdO (x = 0, 1, 2) ceramics. Room temperature structural analysis emphasizes that tetragonality of the BSZT system increases with doping, which results in a realization of large spontaneous polarization and pinched PE loop by providing additional octahedral voids to move B-site cations. Additionally, Cd doping strengthens the anomaly in the Pyroelectric coefficient. This results in significant improvement in electrocaloric response and pyroelectric figure of merits. The electrocaloric response at ambient temperature enhances from 0.45 (x = 0%) to 0.69 J/Kg-K (x = 2%) ceramic. Cd doping improves energy storage efficiency and is found to be 61% (x = 0%) and 83% (x = 2%). A considerable change in the pyroelectric figure of merit is observed. Our study reveals that manipulation of tetragonality seems a suitable strategic route for developing effective pyroelectric and energy storage materials. (a-c) Arott plots for BSZT + x wt. % CdO ceramics at different temperatures. (d) Comparison of Arott plot for BSZT + x wt. % CdO at 308 K. [Display omitted] • Cadmium doped Ba 0.85 Sr 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 ceramics were fabricated by solid state reaction method. • Cadmium doping resulting in enhanced tetragonality of the ceramics. • The electrocaloric response at ambient temperature enhances from 0.45 (x = 0%) to 0.69 J/Kg-K (x = 2%) ceramics. • The room temperature energy storage efficiency is significantly enhanced with doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we investigate room temperature magnetoelectric (ME) behavior of ferroelectric Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 (BCZT) and ferrimagnetic Ni 0.75 Zn 0.20 Co 0.05 Fe 2 O 4 (NZCF) layered composites. The ferroelectric ceramics (thickness, t, ∼0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm) are stacked at magnetic specimen of fixed t ∼ 1 mm, coupled with conducting silver epoxy. The phase formation, surface morphology, dielectric, magnetic, magnetoelectric and magnetodielectric characteristics of bilayer composites have been studied in the present work. The maximum value of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling coefficient (α M E ) is found to be 70, 90, and 110 mVcm−1Oe−1 for composite having ferroelectric layer thickness t ∼ 1, 0.8, and 0.6 mm, respectively. More importantly, α M E (H → 0) remains finite for composite (t ∼ 0.8, and 0.6 mm) in zero magnetic field, which is a clear evidence of self-biasing phenomenon in NZCF/BCZT layered composite. For closer insight about underlying mechanism, we estimate magnetodielectric (MD) coefficient for the layered composite. The MD coefficient is found to be significantly high ∼6.32% for the thickness 0.6 mm. MD% vs magnetic field, H, curves exhibit steeper field dependence in low field region and for H ≥ 2 k O e MD possess saturation characteristics. The high saturation characteristics suggest that the magnetoelectricity in layered composite is driven by magnetostriction mechanism and causes robust ME coupling. Further, we obtain electrical signal ∼143 mV with the H dc ∼250 Oe, as a consequence of interplaying nature of magneto(striction)- piezo(electricity). Such a sizeable response will improve the underlying intimacy between technology and practical application. The study reveals that the pellet based layered composites may be a proven strategy for the realization of self-biased ME devices. [Display omitted] • Layered NZCF/BCZT composites exhibit strong ME phenomena at room temperature. • The strong ME coupling is observed at onset of magnetostriction activity of NZCF. • The NZCF/BCZT displays self-biased ME characteristics. • The self-biased ME candidates reconcile the necessity of dc biased field during operation. • The observed ME behavior further may be optimized with the variation in thickness of BCZT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]