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Objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease are still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Letermovir prophylaxis has been clearly shown to be effective and well-tolerated. Drug interactions and cost are limitations. Alternative regimens such as Valacyclovir 3g-6g a day are of interest. In our study, we investigated the clinical results of intermediate dose (3 gr/d) valacyclovir after ASCT in primary CMV prophylaxis. Material and Methods: The data of 70 patients who underwent ASCT between 2019-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Valacyclovir was given at a dose of 3 g/day to all patients for primary CMV prophylaxis after ASCT. If CMV reactivation developed during Valacyclovir prophylaxis, therapeutic oral Valganciclovir or parenteral Ganciclovir was gradually switched according to CMV DNA copy numbers. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 45.5 years. The D+/R+ seropositivity was 97.2%. CMV reactivation developed in 37/70 (52.8%) patients within the first 100 days after transplantation. While CMV negativity could be achieved with oral VValganciclovir in 17 of the reactive patients (45.9%), hospitalization was required for parenteral ganciclovir use in 20 (28.1%) of them. The median PFS of patients with and without CMV reactivation was 10 months and 18 months, with a one-year PFS were 49.9% and 80.9%, respectively. One-year overall survival rates of patients with and without CMV reactivation were 52.9% and 92.9% respectively. Conclusion: It has become more important to prevent infections that may develop after ASCT with prophylaxis rather than treating. Post-transplant intermediate-dose Valacyclovir as primary prophylaxis has been shown to reduce CMV reactivation/disease rates at desired levels and reduce hospitalizations.

Beden İmgesi Esnekliği, beden imgesi ile ilgili olumsuz düşüncelerden gerçek anlamda ayrışmak, değerlere adanmış bir şekilde eyleme geçmek ve yaşantısal kaçınma olmaksızın arzulanan davranışlarda bulunmak açısından psikolojik esnekliğin tüm temel özelliklerini işin içine dâhil eder. Beden İmgesi Esnekliği Ölçeği ise 12 maddeden oluşan ve beden imgesine yönelik kabul ve kararlılık düzeyini ölçümlemeyi amaçlayan bir ölçme aracıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Beden İmgesi Esnekliği Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu çalışma bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 300 üniversite öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Öncelikle ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini belirlemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Faktör analizine göre uyum istatistikleri, orijinal formun faktör yapısının doğrulandığını göstermiştir. İkinci olarak ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı incelenmiştir ve Cronbach alfa katsayısı yüksek bulunmuştur. Toplam puan için test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı ise anlamlıdır. Sonuç olarak, Beden İmgesi Esnekliği Ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonu Türk örneklemi için iyi geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçektir. Elde edilen bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır. Body Image Flexibility incorporates all the essential features of psychological flexibility in terms of truly dissociating from negative thoughts about body image, acting with dedication to values, and engaging in desirable behaviors without experiential avoidance. The Body Image Flexibility Scale is a measurement tool that consists of 12 items and aims to measure the level of acceptance and stability towards body image. The purpose of this study is to adapt the Body Image Flexibility Scale to Turkish. This study was conducted with 300 university students from a university in Turkey. In line with the purpose of the study, validity and reliability studies of the scale were conducted. First, confirmatory factor analysis was designed to determine the construct validity of the Body Image Flexibility Scale. According to the factor analysis, the fit statistics showed that the factor structure of the original form was confirmed. Secondly, the internal consistency of the scale was tested and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was found to be high. Testretest correlation coefficient for the total score is significant. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the Body Image Elasticity Scale is a well valid and reliable scale for the Turkish sample. The findings discussed in the light of the literature.

Cooperative motivation can be rooted in individual differences as well as in external factors, such as instructions from superiors, incentive schemes, policy agendas, or social relationships. Whereas cooperative motivation has generally been found to increase trust, in five studies conducted across different contexts (scenario-based, online with monetary consequences that were contingent on participants' decisions, in-class and laboratory face-to face negotiations), convergent evidence was found showing that trustees were trusted more when they were externally motivated to act cooperatively (vs. individualistically), though only when they already had a prosocial (vs. proself) social value orientation – i.e., internally driven positive care for others' (vs. their own) well-being. This finding was observed even when trustors had no explicit information about whether or how trustees were motivated by internal or external factors. The mediation analyses indicate that this effect is driven by trustors' perceptions of trustees' authenticity. Taken together, insight into how trustees' personalities and situations interact in predicting the level of trust granted to them is provided.

Bu çalışmanın genel amacı baş etme yetkinliği ile psikolojik esneklik arasındaki yordayıcılık ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Baş etme yetkinliği inancı, bireyin stresli ve tehdit içeren yaşam olaylarını yönetebilme kapasitesine ilişkin algısı; psikolojik esneklik, bilinçli bir insan olarak içinde bulunulan ana erişme ve o durumun izin verdiği ölçüde kişinin seçtiği değerler doğrultusunda davranmasıdır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi bir devlet üniversitesinde farklı bölümlere devam etmekte olan 1. ve 2. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem 72’si kadın, 64’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 136 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubunun yaş ranjı 17-24 olup, yaş ortalaması 21.42 (Ss: 1.76)’dir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak baş etme yetkinlik düzeyini ölçmek üzere Baş Etme Yetkinliği Ölçeği ve psikolojik esneklik düzeyini ölçmek üzere Kabul ve Eylem Formu-2 kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, psikolojik esneklik baş etme yetkinliğininin toplam varyansının %16’sını açıklamaktadır. Araştırmanın bulguları litaratürdeki benzer araştırmalar ile paralellik göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın sınırlılıkları ve sunulan önerileri sunulmuştur.

Purpose Negotiations are often conducted under stress. Previous studies show that stress can help or hurt negotiation outcomes. This study suggests that individual differences explain these effects, and the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social value orientation (SVO) and stress on negotiation outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Two experimental studies and a pilot investigate the influence of stress and SVO (prosocial vs proself) on negotiation offers and outcomes. The authors’ studies are grounded on social interdependence theory and arousal literatures to explain the effects of stress on negotiation. Findings Stress has a positive influence on integrative offers (S1) and joint outcomes (S2). SVO moderates the effect of stress on joint negotiation outcomes (S2), such that, under stress, prosocials fare better than proselfs. Research limitations/implications Managers negotiating under stress should pay attention to their own as well as the others’ SVOs. Managers could also build their negotiation teams considering this individual difference and favor the presence of prosocials in stressful negotiations. Practical implications The findings have practical implications for managers who are under stress on a daily basis. Social implications This research contributes to managers that need to understand how to reach integrative agreements under stress. This is especially important when negotiators are representatives of employees or companies, as the outcomes can affect many individuals. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationship between stress, SVO and negotiation offers and outcomes.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okullarda görev yapmakta olan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının, özel eğitim konusunda gerçekleştirilen hizmet içi eğitimler ile ilgili görüşlerini ve gereksinimlerini belirlemektir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma nitel desendedir. Çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak, eğitim araştırmalarında sıklıkla kullanılabilen odak grup görüşmesi kullanılmıştır. Odak grup görüşmesinde araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ve uzman görüşüne sunularak revizyon edilen bir yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, ikisi erkek ve sekizi kadın olmak üzere on okul psikolojik danışmanıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verileri iki araştırmacı bağımsız olarak analiz etmiş ve kategoriler, alt kategoriler ve kodlar oluşturmuşlardır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre okul psikolojik danışmanlarının özel eğitim ile ilgili hizmet içi ihtiyaçları beş ana temada toplanmaktadır. Bu temalar “özel eğitim hizmetleri ile ilgili görüşler”, “değerlendirme ile ilgili görüşler”, öğrencilerin yönlendirilmesi ile ilgili görüşler”, “hizmet içi eğitimle ilgili görüşler” öncelikli hizmet içi eğitim gereksinimleri” şeklindedir. Sonuçlar literatürdeki bilgiler ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Çalışmanın amacı bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımı temel alan grup psikoeğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerindeki belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğe etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Deneysel desenlerden “Öntest-Sontest-İzme Testi Kontrol Gruplu” desen benimsenmiştir. Çalışma grubu 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesine yaşları 20 ile 23 arasında değişen, 14’ü kadın 4’ü erkek, 9’u deney grubunda 9’u kontrol grubunda 18 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Ölçümler için Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Deney grubunun puanları ile kontrol grubunun puanları arasında fark olmadığı görüldükten sonra grup psikoeğitimi çalışmasına geçilmiştir. 6 oturumdan oluşan uygulamanın hemen bitiminde son test ölçümü ve uygulamadan 3 ay sonra izleme ölçümü yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımı temel alan grup psikoeğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerindeki belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğü azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmüştür. This study aimed to examine the group psychoeducation effect based on the cognitive-behavioral approach on undergraduates' intolerance of uncertainty. The study utilized the "pretest-posttest-follow-up test control group" design of experimental designs (9 in the control group and 9 in the experimental group with 18 students in total). Before starting the study, the pretests were performed in preliminary interviews. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was used for the pretests. Once it was observed the experimental and control groups were distributed equally in terms of The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the group psychoeducation was commenced. The post-test was carried out at the end of the 6-session procedure, and the follow-up tests 3 months after the procedure. At the end of the study, the group psychoeducation based on the cognitive-behavioral approach was effective in reducing undergraduates' intolerance of uncertainty. This research was supported by Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific.

Vaccines save lives. Despite the undisputed value of vaccination, vaccine hesitancy continues to be a major global challenge, particularly throughout the COVID-19 global pandemic. Since vaccination decisions are counter-intuitive and cognitively demanding, we propose that vaccine hesitancy is associated with executive function-a group of high-level cognitive skills including attentional control, working memory, inhibition, self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and strategic planning.We set out to test (i) whether vaccine hesitancy is driven by individual differences in executive function beyond established socio-demographic factors (e.g., education, political orientation, gender, ethnicity, age, religiosity) and depressed mood, and (ii) whether this relationship is exacerbated by situational stress.Two studies were conducted with U.S. residents. Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 examined the associations between executive function, socio-demographic factors, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, trust in health authorities, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Using an experimental design, Study 2 focused solely on unvaccinated individuals and tested the interactive effect of executive function and stress on willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. We used ordinal logistic regressions to analyze the data.Individual differences in executive function predicted participants' COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, trust in health authorities, and their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19. Importantly, the unique contribution of executive function to vaccine hesitancy could not be explained by socio-demographic factors or depressed mood. Furthermore, Study 2 revealed that weaker executive function had detrimental effects on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and trust in health authorities mainly under heightened stress.Individual differences in executive function and situational stress jointly impact COVID-19 vaccination decisions and need to be considered together when designing health communications aimed at reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Interventions that lower stress and promote trust have the potential to increase vaccine acceptance, especially for individuals with weaker executive function.

Because negotiation is an integral part of social life, negotiators with different social motives are likely to meet. When this happens, will they be able to handle their differences constructively? We examined the relations between dyads’ social motive composition (cooperative, individualistic, or mixed), negotiation behavior, and economic and relational outcomes. In a laboratory experiment, 108 simulated negotiations were audiotaped, transcribed and coded. For economic outcomes, mixed dyads achieved higher profits than cooperative and individualistic dyads did, and this effect was mediated mainly by the negotiators’ problem-solving strategies. For relational outcomes, mixed and cooperative dyads experienced higher relational capital than individualistic dyads did, and this effect was mediated mainly by relationship management strategies. A follow-up survey conducted seven months later revealed that relational capital persisted over time. Overall, the results indicate that mixed-dyad negotiations between individualists and cooperators may bring out the best in both types of negotiators, making these dyads more successful than homogenous dyads.

Foodborne diseases remain a major threat to global public health. Problems in detecting the threats at early stages in the supply chain due to defects in surveillance systems cannot be ignored. The primary goal of this article is to evaluate the capabilities of foodborne disease surveillance systems known for their effectiveness and functionality in order to highlight solutions for preventing and managing the outbreaks more effectively. For this purpose, early detection, notification and monitoring systems of the European Union (EU) and the United States were compared in terms of capability gaps and critical needs via an in-depth examination of two standout outbreaks.

WOS: 000390071600012 PubMed ID: 27768932 192 Food samples (commonly consumed 8 food types), 355 animal samples (animal feces of bovine, ovine, goat and chicken) and 50 samples from clinical human cases in Sanliurfa city, Turkey in a year were collected to determine the Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica mosaic in Turkey. 161 Salmonella isolates represented 17 serotypes, 20 sequence types (STs) and 44 PFGE patterns (PTs). 3 serotypes, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky, were recovered from three different hosts. The highest discriminatory power was obtained by PFGE (SID = 0.945), followed by MLST (SID = 0.902) and serotyping (SID = 0.885) for all isolates. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB, aphA(1-lab) bla(TEM-1), bla(PSE-1), tetA) was highly correlated with phenotypic profiles of aminoglycoside, beta-lactam and tetracycline groups (kappa >0.85). From our knowledge, this is the first study reporting spatial and temporal distribution of Salmonella species through phenotypic and genetic approaches over farm to fork chain in Turkey. Thus, our data provided further information for evolution, ecology and transmission of Salmonella in Turkey. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. Scientific and Technical Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK 3501(1120192)] We acknowledge Dr. Martin Wiedmann from Cornell University for using BioNumerics, Dr. Nihat Dilsiz from Harran University Medicine Faculty, Harran University Veterinary Faculty for the valuable discussion, and Dr. Tolga Can from Middle East Technical University, Computer Engineering for building a web-based database. This work is partially supported by The Scientific and Technical Council of Turkey Grant TUBITAK 3501(1120192).

Due to health benefits of the fresh fruits and vegetables, the consumption of the minimally processed refrigerated (MPR) and packaged produce has been increased in the USA and EU countries. For MPR and packaged product production, fresh produces and vegetables are first examined for quality purposes and then washed, cut, dried, sanitized, and packaged. When these processes are performed under insufficient sanitary conditions, foodborne outbreaks become inevitable. The most common foodborne agents, causing outbreaks in MPR and packaged produce, are pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophila), viral pathogens (i.e., hepatitis A, Norwalk virus), and parasites (i.e., Giardia lamblia). To prevent these MPR and packaged produce-related outbreaks, the ecology of microorganisms and fresh produces and fruits should be well known. Therefore, the detection methods and their improvements are crucial. To advance the safety and quality of the MPR and packaged produce, here we provided the most common foodborne pathogens in these products and their rapid, standardized, and easy-to-use identification methods.

Due to the increase in consumption of fresh produce regarding to the health demand in the last decades, a considerable portion of foodborne outbreaks has been trackbacked to contaminated fresh produce, which have appeared as highly possible vehicles for foodborne outbreaks nowadays. Delays in detection of pathogens and mycotoxins on fresh produce hindered the trace-back investigations in finding the source and revealed the urgent need of rapid and reliable methods. In the frame of this review, we summarized available fast, reliable and standardized methods (conventional, molecular, rapid and recently developed methods) used for detection of the most common foodborne pathogens and mycotoxins which are the most likely causative agents of outbreaks caused by contaminated fresh produce.

This is the authors’ accepted and refereed manuscript to the article Because trust-related issues inherently involve uncertainty, we expected individuals’ social-cognitive motivation to manage uncertainty—which is captured by their need for closure—to influence their level of trust in others. Through the results of 6 studies, we showed that higher need for closure was related to more polarized trust judgments (i.e., low trust in distant others and high trust in close others) in the case of both chronic and situational need for closure. Moreover, participants with high need for closure did not revise their level of trust when they received feedback about the trustees’ actual trustworthiness, whereas participants with low need for closure did. Overall, our findings indicate that polarized (either high or low, as opposed to moderate) and persistent levels of trust may serve people’s seizing and freezing needs for achieving cognitive closure. Keywords: need for closure, trust, uncertainty, interpersonal closeness 2, Forfatterversjon

Trust is an essential part of organizational life. But, whom do we trust? Previous research suggests that trustees’ social motives, which can have both dispositional and situational roots, are impo...

Although Turkey is one of the major producers of fruits and vegetables in the world, there has been no information available on the prevalence of pathogens in fresh produce. To fill this gap, we collected 503 fresh produce samples including tomato, parsley, iceberg lettuce, green-leaf lettuce and five different fresh pepper varieties (i.e., green, kapya, bell, mazamort and Charleston) from 3 major districts within 9 supermarkets and 3 bazaars in Ankara, Turkey to investigate the presence of Salmonella. Salmonella was detected in 0.8% (4/503) of samples by conventional culturing method with molecular confirmation conducted through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For further characterization of isolates, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST; aroC, thrA, purE, sucA, hisD, hemD and dnaN) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Anatum, Charity, Enteritidis and Mikawasima were isolated from two parsley, one pepper and one lettuce samples, respectively. MLST resulted in 4 sequence types (STs) for each serotype, including one novel ST for serotype Mikawasima. Similarly, PFGE revealed four different XbaI PFGE patterns. The results of this survey, obtained by the most common subtyping methods (i.e. serotyping, MLST and PFGE) worldwide, contributes to the development of a national database in Turkey, which is essential for investigating the evolutionary pathways, geographical distribution and genetic diversity of Salmonella strains.

Because trust inherently involves uncertainty, we propose that trust depends on individuals’ social-cognitive motivation to manage uncertainty. Five studies were conducted to examine the relations between individuals’ need for (cognitive) closure and their trust in others. The results showed that higher need for closure was related to lower trust in distant others (Studies 1-5) but with higher trust in close others (Studies 3-5). This relation held for both chronic (Studies 1, 2, 3, and 5) and situational need for closure (Study 4). Moreover, trust of participants with higher need for closure was also more resistant to change in the face of interpersonal interaction in the form of a negotiation(Study 2) and trustworthiness feedback (Study 5). Overall, our findings indicate that extreme (either high or low vs. moderate) and persistent levels of trust may serve people’s seizing and freezing needs for achieving cognitive closure.

Although much is known about the effect of negotiators’ social motives on trust, little is known about how negotiators’ own social motives interact with their counterparts’ social motives. Based on false consensus effect, expectancy disconfirmation and negativity bias, we propose and test two sets of alternative hypotheses on the effects of negotiators’ own social motives and their counterpart’s social motives in a negotiation experiment. We predict that negotiating with an individualistic counterpart leads to lower trust than negotiating with a cooperative counterpart (H1a), especially for cooperators (H2a). Results of our study (N= 76) provided stronger support for H2a: Cooperative negotiators had lower trust when they negotiated with individualistic counterparts than when they negotiated with cooperative counterparts whereas individualistic negotiators were not influenced by their counterparts’ social motivation. Our mediation analysis showed that this happened because cooperators expected more coopera...