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В статье рассматривается понятие двусмысленности и потенциал ее использования в речи. Двусмысленность, относящаяся к явлениям речи, разграничивается со смежными понятиями языка. Двусмысленность представлена как явление амбивалентное, которое может быть не только затруднением речи, то есть ошибкой, но и служить основой для создания стилистических приемов двусмысленности. Приведенные соображения носят общий характер и могут быть использованы при рассмотрении двусмысленности в других языках. The article examines the notion of ambiguity and it’s discursive potential. Ambiguity as a speech phenomenon delimited with the closely-related concepts of language. Ambiguity is treated as an ambivalent phenomenon, which is not only impediment of speech, AS an error, but also can be used as a base of creation of some stilistical devices. Gived considerations are general and will be used for ambiguity treatment in others languages. В статье рассматривается понятие двусмысленности и потенциал ее использования в речи. Двусмысленность, относящаяся к явлениям речи, разграничивается со смежными понятиями языка. Двусмысленность представлена как явление амбивалентное, которое может быть не только затруднением речи, то есть ошибкой, но и служить основой для создания стилистических приемов двусмысленности. Приведенные соображения носят общий характер и могут быть использованы при рассмотрении двусмысленности в других языках.

This exploratory study has focused on the concept of impediment or psychic confinement of people affected by a mental disorder in post-hospitalization.Objective: Explore through the description of the socio-cultural factors responsible for collapse or narcissistic injuries. Determine the indices of anxiety, indices of barriers and penetration of the variable of Fischer and Cleveland, and the nature of the intra and inter psychic conflicts, cause of the impediment.Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, carried out in Togo, with twenty subjects, treated for mental suffering of which we present six clinical illustrations. From a methodological point of view, we used the directive clinical interview and the direct observation coupled with the Rorschach projective test and a "free drawing of the lifeline".Result: All of the patients believe that their suffering is of mystical origin. The disorder is therefore perceived as an attack which can come from the outside, in particular from: society, the family, the supreme being, fetishes or even intermediate spirits. Despite the total improvement of the clinical signs of the disease, the ego is still "locked" by experience and representation. The anxiety indices are high. The barrier / penetration indicators testify either to the porosity of the ego-body image, that is to say the fragility of the psychic envelopes; Either of its solidity, and would serve as a separation and isolation membrane against the threat of narcissistic dismantling.Conclusion: Psychic confinement or impediment is largely influenced by environmental factors of a socio-cultural nature.; La présente étude exploratoire a porté sur la notion d’empêchement ou d’enfermement psychique des personnes touchées par un trouble mental en posthospitalisation.Objectif : Explorer à travers la description des facteurs socioculturels responsables de l’effondrement ou de blessures narcissiques. Déterminer les indices d’angoisse, indices de Barrière et Pénétration de la variable de Fischer et Cleveland, et la nature des conflits intra et inter psychique, cause de l’empêchement.Méthode : il s’agit d’une étude transversale exploratoire, réalisé au Togo, auprès de vingt personnes, soignées pour souffrance psychique dont nous présentons six illustrations clinique. Du point de vue méthodologique nous avons utilisé l’entretien clinique directif et l’observation directe couplée de l’épreuve projective de Rorschach et d’un « dessin libre de la ligne de vie ».Résultat : La totalité des patients croient que leur souffrance est d’origine mystique. Le trouble est par conséquent perçu comme une attaque pouvant venir de l’extérieure notamment de : la société, la famille, l’être suprême, des fétiches ou encore des esprits intermédiaires. Malgré l’amendement total des signes cliniques de la maladie, le Moi est encore « verrouillé » par le vécu et la représentation. Les indices d’angoisse sont élevés. Les indicateurs de barrière /pénétration témoignent, soit de la porosité de l’image du Moi-corps, c’est-à-dire la fragilité des enveloppes psychiques ; Soit de sa solidité, et servirait de membrane de séparation et d’isolement contre la menace de démantèlement narcissique.Conclusion : L’enfermement psychique ou l’empêchement est largement influencé par les facteurs environnementaux d’ordre socioculturels.

The previous studies of islamization in Java follow a clear distinction of priyayi-abangan-santri thesis, which was in its development gradually incompatible to capture the changing of political preferences of Javanese Muslims. This paper examines what kind of patterns formed on the dynamics of the process of Islamization in Java under the influence of socio-political changes. The output of this paper perhaps shows the pattern of islamization in Java under the dynamic changes of Indonesian politics in the early twentieth century. The pattern of islamization in Java was influenced, firstly, by ethical policy, secondly, the transmission of Middle East Islam, and, thirdly, politization of Islam by colonial government. The ethical policy encouraged the creation of a public space for political contestations that determined the new identity of Indonesian elite. The transmission of Middle Eastern Islam triggered the polarization of Javanese Muslims into two patterns: the modernist Muslim strengthened the pattern of priyayi-santri in urban communities with Islamization through modern institutions. The traditionalist Muslim developed an intellectual genealogy through pesantren networks scattered in the rural areas created the pattern of santriabangan. Meanwhile the politization of Islam by colonial government created a benefit to the unification of Islamic institutions.

Los videojuegos son un fenómeno mediático de la contemporaneidad. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es hacer conocer posibilidades de investigación y análisis, con base en las características del objeto, visto en su lenguaje multimedia y sincrético. También se analizan las implicaciones de las relaciones promovidas entre el juego y el jugador, así como entre este y los otros sujetos del entorno, dando como resultado las interacciones de la orden de la programación, la estrategia, la sensibilidad y el accidente. Las propuestas de investigación están ancladas en la teoría semiótica de Greimas y sus seguidores y en los estudiosos del ciberespacio y los medios audiovisuales. Los juegos, entonces, emergen como un ejemplo típico de entender la construcción de sentido en el entorno social de la actualidad. Os jogos eletrônicos são um fenômeno midiático da contemporaneidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do artigo é dar a ver possibilidades de pesquisa e de análise, baseadas nas características desse objeto, observado em sua linguagem multimídia e sincrética. Discute-se, também, as implicações das relações promovidas entre o jogo e o jogador, bem como entre o último e outros sujeitos do entorno, resultando em interações da ordem da programação, da estratégia, da sensibilidade e do acidente. As proposições de pesquisa se ancoram na teoria semiótica de Greimas e seus seguidores e nos estudiosos do ciberespaço e das mídias audiovisuais. Os jogos, então, emergem como exemplo típico para entender a construção de sentidos no ambiente social da atualidade. Electronic games are a media contemporary phenomenon. In this context, the article purpose is to show possibilities in researches and analysis, based on these object characteristics, once it is observed at its multimediatic and syncretic language. It also discuss the consequences of the relations promoted between game and player, and among this one and other people around, resulting on interactions ordered by programation, strategy, sensibility and accident. The researches propositions are anchoraged on Greimas and his followers theories; and cyberspace and audiovisual media studiers. Games, then, emerge as typical examples to understand the meaning construction in the social environment nowadays.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A devoção a Nossa Senhora do Rosário é datada desde o século XII, quando ela teria aparecido para o Pregador Domingos de Gusmão a quem deu uma oração a ser realizada com a ajuda de contas. Os dominicanos foram os responsáveis pela divulgação do culto à santa. O processo expansionista e de colonização possibilitou o contato dos povos dominados com a santa. Os negros na África, na Europa (principalmente em Portugal) e nas colônias americanas (com destaque aos que habitavam o Brasil) adotaram a Nossa Senhora do Rosário como protetora. As Irmandades Negras de devoção a Nossa Senhora do Rosário, em especial na Vila Rica setecentista, além da catequização negra constituíam importante espaço de negociações e de conflitos. O contato entre o catolicismo e a cultura negra africana no seio da Irmandade do Rosário propiciou um sincretismo que ressemantizou o universo do africano e seus descendentes cuja manifestação se deu principalmente na festa em homenagem a santa com seu congado. The devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary began in the twelfth century, when it would have appeared to Preacher Domingo de Gusmão who gave a prayer to be performed with the help of contas. The Dominicans were responsible for the dissemination of the cult of holly. The process of expansion and colonization allowed contact with the peoples dominated the saint. Blacks in Africa, Europe (especially in Portugal) and the American colonies (especially those inhabited Brazil) adopted Our Lady of the Rosary as a protector. The Blacks Brotherhood of devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary, especially in the eighteenth century in Villa Rica, beyond the black catechization constituted important area of negotiation an conflicts. The contact between Catholicism and African black culture within the Brotherhood of the Rosary is experiencing a syncretism that re-semanticed the universe of Africans and their descendants whose manifestation was mainly at the party in honor of the saint with his congado.

В статье рассматривается понятие двусмысленности и потенциал ее использования в речи. Двусмысленность, относящаяся к явлениям речи, разграничивается со смежными понятиями языка. Двусмысленность представлена как явление амбивалентное, которое может быть не только затруднением речи, то есть ошибкой, но и служить основой для создания стилистических приемов двусмысленности. Приведенные соображения носят общий характер и могут быть использованы при рассмотрении двусмысленности в других языках., The article examines the notion of ambiguity and it’s discursive potential. Ambiguity as a speech phenomenon delimited with the closely-related concepts of language. Ambiguity is treated as an ambivalent phenomenon, which is not only impediment of speech, AS an error, but also can be used as a base of creation of some stilistical devices. Gived considerations are general and will be used for ambiguity treatment in others languages.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011. The phenomenon of the decline in numbers in traditionally Afrikaans “sister churches” - in the midst of the complex South African society of the first decade of the 21st century - was researched in the light of the command that Jesus himself gave to his church (Math 28:18-20 and Acts 1:8). The Great Commission directed the aim of the research to evaluate this phenomenon hermeneutically and empirically in order to develop a reformed strategy in a practical theological way. The grounding of the investigation was the communicative action theory, which simultaneously integrates with a basic theoretical model developed from a combination of basic theoretical models as suggested by Dingemans, Heitink en Zerfass. To reinforce the exegetical/hermeneutical perspective of the basic theory, a historical study was conducted regarding the growth and decline of power basises since the Jesus movement until now. The interaction between perspectives was subsequently extended by metatheoretical perspectives, based on the research regarding the influence of schools of thought, as well as the influence of circumstances in the country, which determine the “sister church” praxis of the 21st century. The traditionally Afrikaans “sister churches” as a problematic ecclesiastical community of practice was further examined as part of the empirical perspective. On this basis an attempt was made to gauge the thinking of the “sister churches” in the intricate and problematic ecclesiastical praxis. The gauging was executed by means of a random test in one of the “sister churches”, namely the Reformed Church of South Africa (GKSA). It was found that this problematic church praxis is directed by strong institutional thinking. An adjusted practice theory, as well as a supporting practical theoretical model, were formulated in order to realise a reformed strategy for church growth as opposed to the decline in numbers. Considering the above mentioned interactive perspectives, the conclusion was reached that the praxis in the “sister churches” at the beginning of the 21st century, functions in an ecclesiastically imbalanced way. The imbalance lies in the fact that Christ-centred thinking, and thus also Christ-centred ecclesiology (as balancing thinking and balancing ecclesiology), does not manifest in “sister church” thinking. The unbalanced thinking as an all-encompassing factor in the church praxis, confirms and promotes the tendency of the decline in numbers. The proposed strategic perspective as the adjusted practice theory is thus a contribution to formulating an obedient, covenant-centred and reformed answer to declining numbers. This adjusted strategy can bring about the wonder of revival and growth in the “sister churches” by means of the basic theoretical truth elements, which were pointed out in this research. Doctoral

This article propose to analize the simbol-mark, built by Partnership association against drugs, used in drug preventive propaganda campaign broadcasted by television. This analize consider that the simbol-mark is a speech text, which identify the aim of the announcements thatis stopping the drugs consumption among brasilian young. The simbol-mark belongs to the visual semiotic, so, the methodology used in this work is the Greimas'semiotic. We can show, by relations semi-simbolics, that the present plastic frame may articulate itselfwith the figuratif dimension and the statementlinguistic which the slong presents and then, a new vision or a new reading can be afforded. Este artigo se propoe a analisar a marca-simbolo, instituida pela APCD (Associa^ao Parceria Contra Drogas), na campanha de preven^ao as drogas veiculadas pela televisao. Esta analise leva em conta que a marca-simbolo e o texto do discurso sintetico, o que identifica o objetivo dos amincios que se apresentam para conter o consumo de drogas entre osjovens no Brasil. A marca-simbolo pertence aos dommios da semiotica visual, assim, este estudo se fundamenta na semiotica greimasiana. Podemos mostrar, por meio das relagoes semi-simbolicas, que a dimensao plastica se articula, por um lado com a dimensao figurativa e, por outro lado, com o enunciado linginstico que o slogan comporta, o que instaura uma nova visao, uma nova leitura.

[ES] Los detalles iconográficos que caracterizan a las representaciones hispano-romanas del Rapto de Europa, aludiendo a su condición de divinidad astral y diosa del Amor, sugieren la posibilidad de que, al igual que en Oriente, también en la Península Ibérica, Europa asumiera la faceta erótica y de fecundidad de la diosa Astarté, cuyo culto está atestiguado por las fuentes literarias, epigráficas y arqueológicas. Asimismo, la distribución geográfica de los documentos arqueológicos por la mitad sur de la Península Ibérica y Baleares acentúa ese posible sincretismo en aquellas regiones donde existía un fuerte arraigo del culto oriental a Astarté desde la época de las colonizaciones., [EN] The iconographic details with characterize lo time Hispanic—roman representations of Europe s abduction, os astral divinity ant! goddess of fertility. suggest ¡he possibility. same it is in the East, t/mat Europe assumed time erotic and fertility facet of time Goddess Astarté, whose cult is attested b-v literary, epigraphical and archaeological sources. Likewise