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Both hedgehog (Hh) and target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) are central, evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that regulate development and metabolism. In C. elegans, loss of the essential TORC2 component RICTOR (rict-1) causes delayed development, shortened lifespan, reduced brood, small size and increased fat. Here, we report that knockdown of both the hedgehog-related morphogen grd-1 and its patched-related receptor ptr-11 rescues delayed development in TORC2 loss-of-function mutants, and grd-1 and ptr-11 overexpression delays wild-type development to a similar level to that in TORC2 loss-of-function animals. These findings potentially indicate an unexpected role for grd-1 and ptr-11 in slowing developmental rate downstream of a nutrient-sensing pathway. Furthermore, we implicate the chronic stress transcription factor pqm-1 as a key transcriptional effector in this slowing of whole-organism growth by grd-1 and ptr-11. We propose that TORC2, grd-1 and ptr-11 may act linearly or converge on pqm-1 to delay organismal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the effects of match-related contextual variables on positional groups and success in the National Rugby League (NRL). Methods: Data relating to match location, match outcome, quality of opposition and match type (absolute score differential) from all matches across the 2015–2019 NRL seasons were collected, in addition to 14 previously identified Factors (technical performance indicators). A decision tree, grown using the Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm, was used to model the effect of each of these match-related contexts on positional contribution according to match outcome. Results: The accuracy of the exhaustive CHAID model in explaining the influence of positional groups on match outcome was 66%. The model revealed four primary splits: interchange forwards, utility backs, adjustables and a group containing the remaining three positional groups (forwards, backs, and interchange). Conclusions: Results suggest that interchange forwards, utility backs and adjustables could have a definitive role within the team compared to the remaining positional groups in determining match outcome. In contrast to team-level research, there is a greater emphasis on the importance of defensive actions (e.g. try causes, tackles made) at a positional level than attacking performance indicators. The moderate classification accuracy justifies the use of this approach for examination of the interactions between match-related contextual variables, performance indicators and positional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

His chapter effectively interacts with themes raised elsewhere in the volume (e.g., scripted emotions or insincerity), and, by attending to the associations of tears with authority and power, makes contributions well beyond it (connecting to M. Beard's work on imperial laughter). That original title surely explains why the resulting volume incorporates not just "Roman" material (as the book's title would suggest), but also studies of Etruria and Renaissance Italy (one chapter each). S. Matt's chapter on "Recovering Emotion from Visual Culture" (19-27) effectively sets the stage for the volume's contributions by providing an overview of the core issues, methodological problems, and larger stakes involved in parsing visual culture for writing a history and archaeology of emotions. In their brief "Introduction" (9-18), H. von Ehrenheim and M. Prusac-Lindhagen frame their volume as an attempt to harness Roman material culture as a "potential gold mine of information with regard to emotions when socially and affectively contextualized" (9). [Extracted from the article]