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A number of Emerging issues on education in Papua have been trending topic in national education for years. The objective of this research was to describe the curriculum development of inclusive education for Indigenous Students of Papua. The research was carried out in three integrated schools(Sekolah Satu Atap) where inclusive education has been successfully provided. Those schools are integrated school of Boven Digoel, Integrated School of Wasur, and SMA Negeri 1 Merauke. This was a descriptive research design by applying qualitative approach in analyzing the data. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The secondary data were collected through library study. The schools in Merauke Region and Boven Digoel Region became the object of the research. The result showed that those three integrated schools developed a special curriculum for inclusive education on Indigenous students of Papua. A large number of local wisdoms were internalized into special curriculum to support contextual learning for indigenous students of Papua. Those integrated schools can be benchmark for other regions outside Papua to develop special curriculum for inclusive education.

Pancasila student profiles launched by the government through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology were aimed at formulating the main goal of national education in disruptive era. The objective of this research was to describe the perspective of primary teacher education students on Pancasila Student Profiles. The research design used was descriptive research design with qualitative method. The study was conducted in a state university in Papua as the barometer of education quality in rural and border area. There were 50 students investigated and most of them are in the first year college. Questionnaire, interview, observation and documentation were used as the techniques of data collection. The data were analyzed by employing data analysis techniques such as; data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion. The results showed that Pancasila Student profiles are important for prospective teachers of primary education. However, most students have no knowledge and understanding about the profiles. All education policy makers and practitioners must work together by hand-in-hand to socialize the profiles either at schools or at universities.

Steroid groups isolated from many plants are known to play a significant role in various biological systems. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze two novel pregnane steroids, pachylenone A (1) and pachylenone B (2), isolated from Aglaia pachyphylla Miq. The cytotoxicity of the steroids was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines with other known steroid compounds, namely 5α-dihydroprogesterone (3), GSD-8 (4), trans -5α-pregn-l7(20)-en-3,16-dion (5), 20β-hydroxy-5αH-pregnan-3-one (6), 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (7), aglaiasterol B (8), and 2β,3β-dihydroxypregnan-16-one (9). Meanwhile, structural elucidation was achieved through different spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional NMR, as well as mass spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations (TD-DFT and NMR DP4+ probability). The cytotoxic effects of steroid compounds (1-9) on MCF-7 lines were also examined. The results showed that compound 8 had the strongest activity with an IC 50 value of 228 μM, followed by compound 6 (IC 50 568,76 μM), and pachylenone A (1) (IC 50 768.73 μM). As a recommendation for future research, other activities of these compounds should be evaluated., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Meliaceae plants are found worldwide in tropical or subtropical climates. They are important ethnobotanically as sources of traditional medicine, with 575 species and 51 genera. Previous research found that microorganisms are plant pioneers to produce secondary metabolites with diverse compound structures and bioactivities. Several plants of the Meliaceae family contain secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. Furthermore, related articles from 2002 to 2022 were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. About 276 compounds were isolated from endophytic fungi such as terpenoids, polyketides, lactones, pyrones, quinone, anthraquinones, xanthones, coumarines, isocoumarines, resorcylic acid lactones, cytochalasins, aromatics, ester, quinols, alkaloids, nitro compound, fatty acids, and sugars with bioactivities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-influenza, neuroprotective activities, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, allelopathic, anti-inflammatory, antifeedant effects, and BSLT toxicity. Meanwhile, secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi were reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This comprehensive review summarizes the ethnobotanical uses and secondary metabolites derived from Meliaceae endophytic fungi.

Guarea is one of the largest genera of the American Meliaceae family, consisting of over 69 species which are widely distributed in Mexico, Argentina, and Africa and are used in traditional medicine for several diseases. Previous studies reported that the Guarea species produce secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, limonoid, steroid, and aromatic compounds. The preliminary chemical investigation commenced by isolating the limonoid compound, dihydrogedunin, in 1962; then, 240 compounds were obtained from the isolation and hydrodistillation process. Meanwhile, sesquiterpenoid is a significant compound with 52% of Guarea species. The extract and compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammation, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, phosphorylation inhibitor, and cytotoxic biological activities. The Guarea genus has also been reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This review summarizes some descriptions regarding the types of Guarea species, especially ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology, such as the compounds isolated from the part of this genus, various isolation methods, and their bioactivities. The information can be used in further investigations to obtain more bioactive compounds and their reaction mechanisms.

Objectives: This study aims to review and describe the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and biological activity of various extracts and compounds isolated from Lansium domesticum Corr. from 1967 to 2022 and to study the opportunities that can be developed in the future in the pharmaceutical and pharmacology fields. The related articles, followed by the classification of L. domesticum Corr. according to ethnobotanical, biological and phytochemical properties, were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar and PubMed., Key Findings: More than 80 compounds have been isolated and identified from L. domesticum Corr., including terpenoids and their glycosides. Furthermore, the pharmacological activity of the extracts and pure compounds of L. domesticum Corr. tested in vitro and in vivo were mainly confirmed to include antifeedant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and radical scavenging activity, antimutagenic, and anticancer., Summary: In conclusion, based on this review, all data on the phytochemical and biological activity of L. domesticum Corr. can be used to support scientists in further research aim to determine the reaction mechanism of the extracts or compounds and need to be further validated using in vivo models together with toxicological analysis to establish their maximum tolerated dose., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)