19 results on '"Sin O"'
Search Results
2. Differential Requirement for Translation Initiation Factor Pathways during Ecdysone-Dependent Neuronal Remodeling in Drosophila.
- Author
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Rode, S., Ohm, H., Anhauser, L., Wagner, M., Rosing, M., Deng, X., Sin, O., Leidel, S.A., Storkebaum, E.J.M., Rentmeister, A., Zhu, S., Rumpf, S., Rode, S., Ohm, H., Anhauser, L., Wagner, M., Rosing, M., Deng, X., Sin, O., Leidel, S.A., Storkebaum, E.J.M., Rentmeister, A., Zhu, S., and Rumpf, S.
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 199864.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
- Published
- 2018
3. Risk factors for familial and nonfamilial young ischemic stroke
- Author
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Gum Song Song, Sin O Hwang, Ho Sin, Sun Hwa Jo, and Se Ryong Han
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Population ,Ocean Engineering ,Mean age ,medicine.disease ,Ischemic stroke ,Familial history ,medicine ,Family history ,Risk factor ,education ,business ,Stroke - Abstract
Aim In this study, the authors presented the 10-year survey on risk factors among young patients with ischemic stroke according to their family history. Patients and methods The population includes 92 young patients with ischemic stroke who had been admitted at Neurology Department of Pyongyang Medical College Hospital, Kim Il Sung University, between January 2007 and August 2016. Among them, young patients with familial history of ischemic stroke were 34 (11 females and 23 males), with a mean age of 38.9±3.54 years, and nonfamilial ones were 58 (13 females and 45 males), with mean age of 37.5±4.21 years (18–44 years old). Results Young patients with familial history of ischemic stroke with 5–10 risk factors were more than nonfamilial group, but young patients with nonfamilial ischemic stroke with 10–15 risk factors were more than familial group. Moreover, the effect of each risk factor is different in the two groups. Conclusion Incidence of young ischemic stroke is different between familial and nonfamilial groups, and nonfamilial patients have more risk factors than familial ones.
- Published
- 2019
4. Deletion of SERF2 in mice delays embryonic development and alters amyloid deposit structure in the brain.
- Author
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Stroo E, Janssen L, Sin O, Hogewerf W, Koster M, Harkema L, Youssef SA, Beschorner N, Wolters AH, Bakker B, Becker L, Garrett L, Marschall S, Hoelter SM, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabe de Angelis M, Thathiah A, Foijer F, van de Sluis B, van Deursen J, Jucker M, de Bruin A, and Nollen EA
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- Animals, Humans, Mice, Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism, Embryonic Development genetics, Mice, Knockout, Brain embryology, Brain metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Plaque, Amyloid metabolism
- Abstract
In age-related neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, disease-specific proteins become aggregation-prone and form amyloid-like deposits. Depletion of SERF proteins ameliorates this toxic process in worm and human cell models for diseases. Whether SERF modifies amyloid pathology in mammalian brain, however, has remained unknown. Here, we generated conditional Serf2 knockout mice and found that full-body deletion of Serf2 delayed embryonic development, causing premature birth and perinatal lethality. Brain-specific Serf2 knockout mice, on the other hand, were viable, and showed no major behavioral or cognitive abnormalities. In a mouse model for amyloid-β aggregation, brain depletion of Serf2 altered the binding of structure-specific amyloid dyes, previously used to distinguish amyloid polymorphisms in the human brain. These results suggest that Serf2 depletion changed the structure of amyloid deposits, which was further supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy, but further study will be required to confirm this observation. Altogether, our data reveal the pleiotropic functions of SERF2 in embryonic development and in the brain and support the existence of modifying factors of amyloid deposition in mammalian brain, which offer possibilities for polymorphism-based interventions., (© 2023 Stroo et al.)
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- 2023
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5. Risk Factors, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteoporosis in HIV-Infected Adults in an HIV Primary Care Clinic.
- Author
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Kwok K, Olatunbosun C, Ready E, Sin O, Toy J, Spears A, Lau V, Bondy G, and Stone S
- Abstract
Background: The population of people living with HIV is aging, and with aging come emergent comorbidities, including osteoporosis, for which screening and treatment are becoming increasingly important. Osteoporosis prevalence among those living with HIV is 3 times greater than among HIV-uninfected controls., Objective: To assess and describe osteoporosis risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for people 50 years of age or older living with HIV and receiving care at a multidisciplinary HIV primary care clinic., Methods: A retrospective chart review of people 50 years of age or older living with HIV was conducted at the John Ruedy Clinic in Vancouver, British Columbia, between June 1, 2016, and June 1, 2019. Patients who had had fewer than 2 yearly follow-up appointments were excluded., Results: A total of 146 patients were included in the analysis; most were male ( n = 134, 92%), and the median age was 55 years. Patients had a median of 3 osteoporosis risk factors (in addition to age and HIV infection), and 145 patients had at least 1 risk factor. All screening for osteoporosis was conducted by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Thirty-nine (27%) of the patients were screened with DXA, 92 (63%) were not screened, and 15 (10%) already had a diagnosis of osteoporosis. The DXA screening identified osteoporosis in an additional 10 patients and osteopenia in 22 patients. Treatments for patients with osteoporosis included bisphosphonates ( n = 15, 60%) and vitamin D or calcium (or both), without any other medications ( n = 4, 16%). In the overall study population, 32 (22%) of the patients were taking calcium and 46 (32%) were taking vitamin D., Conclusions: Many patients aged 50 years or older and receiving HIV care at the John Ruedy Clinic had or were at risk for osteoporosis. An opportunity exists to increase screening and treatment of these individuals. A multidisciplinary team may be crucial in achieving this goal., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (2022 Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists. All content in the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy is copyrighted by the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacy. In submitting their manuscripts, the authors transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership to CSHP.)
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- 2022
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6. Author Correction: Codon-specific translation reprogramming promotes resistance to targeted therapy.
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Rapino F, Delaunay S, Rambow F, Zhou Z, Tharun L, De Tullio P, Sin O, Shostak K, Schmitz S, Piepers J, Ghesquière B, Karim L, Charloteaux B, Jamart D, Florin A, Lambert C, Rorive A, Jerusalem G, Leucci E, Dewaele M, Vooijs M, Leidel SA, Georges M, Voz M, Peers B, Büttner R, Marine JC, Chariot A, and Close P
- Published
- 2021
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7. Analysis of codon-specific translation by ribosome profiling.
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Kim Y, Eggers C, Shvetsova E, Kleemann L, Sin O, and Leidel SA
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- Codon genetics, Codon metabolism, Humans, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Ribosomes genetics, Ribosomes metabolism, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA, Transfer genetics, RNA, Transfer metabolism
- Abstract
Chemical modifications of RNA molecules can affect translation in multiple ways. Therefore, it is critical to understand how their absence changes cellular translation dynamics and in particular codon-specific translation. In this chapter, we discuss the application of ribosome profiling to analyze changes in codon-specific translation and differential translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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8. Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Fractionation of Proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans .
- Author
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Mata-Cabana A, Sin O, Seinstra RI, and Nollen EAA
- Abstract
C. elegans is widely used to investigate biological processes related to health and disease. To study protein localization, fluorescently-tagged proteins can be used in vivo or immunohistochemistry can be performed in whole worms. Here, we describe a technique to localize a protein of interest at a subcellular level in C. elegans lysates, which can give insight into the location, function and/or toxicity of proteins., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest or competing interests.
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- 2018
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9. Filter Retardation Assay for Detecting and Quantifying Polyglutamine Aggregates Using Caenorhabditis elegans Lysates.
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Sin O, Mata-Cabana A, Seinstra RI, and Nollen EAA
- Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with impaired protein homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by the loss of the protein's native conformation, which ultimately results in its aggregation or abnormal localization within the cell. Using a C. elegans model of polyglutamine diseases, we describe in detail the filter retardation assay, a method that captures protein aggregates in a cellulose acetate membrane and allows its detection and quantification by immunoblotting., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest or competing interests.
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- 2018
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10. Differential Requirement for Translation Initiation Factor Pathways during Ecdysone-Dependent Neuronal Remodeling in Drosophila.
- Author
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Rode S, Ohm H, Anhäuser L, Wagner M, Rosing M, Deng X, Sin O, Leidel SA, Storkebaum E, Rentmeister A, Zhu S, and Rumpf S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Drosophila metabolism, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, Ecdysone genetics, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E genetics
- Abstract
Dendrite pruning of Drosophila sensory neurons during metamorphosis is induced by the steroid hormone ecdysone through a transcriptional program. In addition, ecdysone activates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP) to inhibit cap-dependent translation initiation. To uncover how efficient translation of ecdysone targets is achieved under these conditions, we assessed the requirements for translation initiation factors during dendrite pruning. We found that the canonical cap-binding complex eIF4F is dispensable for dendrite pruning, but the eIF3 complex and the helicase eIF4A are required, indicating that differential translation initiation mechanisms are operating during dendrite pruning. eIF4A and eIF3 are stringently required for translation of the ecdysone target Mical, and this depends on the 5' UTR of Mical mRNA. Functional analyses indicate that eIF4A regulates eIF3-mRNA interactions in a helicase-dependent manner. We propose that an eIF3-eIF4A-dependent alternative initiation pathway bypasses 4E-BP to ensure adequate translation of ecdysone-induced genes., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Codon-specific translation reprogramming promotes resistance to targeted therapy.
- Author
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Rapino F, Delaunay S, Rambow F, Zhou Z, Tharun L, De Tullio P, Sin O, Shostak K, Schmitz S, Piepers J, Ghesquière B, Karim L, Charloteaux B, Jamart D, Florin A, Lambert C, Rorive A, Jerusalem G, Leucci E, Dewaele M, Vooijs M, Leidel SA, Georges M, Voz M, Peers B, Büttner R, Marine JC, Chariot A, and Close P
- Subjects
- Animals, Carrier Proteins chemistry, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Codon drug effects, Female, Humans, Male, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 metabolism, Melanoma pathology, Melanoma, Experimental drug therapy, Melanoma, Experimental genetics, Melanoma, Experimental pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA, Transfer chemistry, RNA, Transfer genetics, RNA, Transfer metabolism, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Elongation Factors, Uridine chemistry, Uridine genetics, Uridine metabolism, Vemurafenib pharmacology, Vemurafenib therapeutic use, Zebrafish genetics, Codon genetics, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm drug effects, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Melanoma drug therapy, Melanoma genetics, Protein Biosynthesis drug effects
- Abstract
Reprogramming of mRNA translation has a key role in cancer development and drug resistance
1 . However, the molecular mechanisms that are involved in this process remain poorly understood. Wobble tRNA modifications are required for specific codon decoding during translation2,3 . Here we show, in humans, that the enzymes that catalyse modifications of wobble uridine 34 (U34 ) tRNA (U34 enzymes) are key players of the protein synthesis rewiring that is induced by the transformation driven by the BRAFV600E oncogene and by resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma. We show that BRAFV600E -expressing melanoma cells are dependent on U34 enzymes for survival, and that concurrent inhibition of MAPK signalling and ELP3 or CTU1 and/or CTU2 synergizes to kill melanoma cells. Activation of the PI3K signalling pathway, one of the most common mechanisms of acquired resistance to MAPK therapeutic agents, markedly increases the expression of U34 enzymes. Mechanistically, U34 enzymes promote glycolysis in melanoma cells through the direct, codon-dependent, regulation of the translation of HIF1A mRNA and the maintenance of high levels of HIF1α protein. Therefore, the acquired resistance to anti-BRAF therapy is associated with high levels of U34 enzymes and HIF1α. Together, these results demonstrate that U34 enzymes promote the survival and resistance to therapy of melanoma cells by regulating specific mRNA translation.- Published
- 2018
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12. Identification of an RNA Polymerase III Regulator Linked to Disease-Associated Protein Aggregation.
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Sin O, de Jong T, Mata-Cabana A, Kudron M, Zaini MA, Aprile FA, Seinstra RI, Stroo E, Prins RW, Martineau CN, Wang HH, Hogewerf W, Steinhof A, Wanker EE, Vendruscolo M, Calkhoven CF, Reinke V, Guryev V, and Nollen EA
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- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Binding Sites, Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Cell Nucleus enzymology, Cytosol enzymology, Disease Models, Animal, Neurodegenerative Diseases genetics, Neurodegenerative Diseases pathology, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, RNA Interference, RNA Polymerase III genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription, Genetic, Caenorhabditis elegans enzymology, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Neurodegenerative Diseases enzymology, Peptides metabolism, Protein Aggregates, Protein Aggregation, Pathological, RNA Polymerase III metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
Protein aggregation is associated with age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and polyglutamine diseases. As a causal relationship between protein aggregation and neurodegeneration remains elusive, understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating protein aggregation will help develop future treatments. To identify such mechanisms, we conducted a forward genetic screen in a C. elegans model of polyglutamine aggregation and identified the protein MOAG-2/LIR-3 as a driver of protein aggregation. In the absence of polyglutamine, MOAG-2/LIR-3 regulates the RNA polymerase III-associated transcription of small non-coding RNAs. This regulation is lost in the presence of polyglutamine, which mislocalizes MOAG-2/LIR-3 from the nucleus to the cytosol. We then show biochemically that MOAG-2/LIR-3 can also catalyze the aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin. These results suggest that polyglutamine can induce an aggregation-promoting activity of MOAG-2/LIR-3 in the cytosol. The concept that certain aggregation-prone proteins can convert other endogenous proteins into drivers of aggregation and toxicity adds to the understanding of how cellular homeostasis can be deteriorated in protein misfolding diseases., (Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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13. Regulation of protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: the role of coding and non-coding genes.
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Sin O and Nollen EA
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- Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Drosophila, Homeostasis genetics, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases physiopathology, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Protein Conformation, Protein Folding, Proteins chemistry, Proteins genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology, Neurodegenerative Diseases genetics, Neurodegenerative Diseases metabolism, Proteins metabolism, RNA, Untranslated metabolism
- Abstract
Protein homeostasis is fundamental for cell function and survival, because proteins are involved in all aspects of cellular function, ranging from cell metabolism and cell division to the cell's response to environmental challenges. Protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by the synthesis, folding, trafficking and clearance of proteins, all of which act in an orchestrated manner to ensure proteome stability. The protein quality control system is enhanced by stress response pathways, which take action whenever the proteome is challenged by environmental or physiological stress. Aging, however, damages the proteome, and such proteome damage is thought to be associated with aging-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the different cellular processes that define the protein quality control system and focus on their role in protein conformational diseases. We highlight the power of using small organisms to model neurodegenerative diseases and how these models can be exploited to discover genetic modulators of protein aggregation and toxicity. We also link findings from small model organisms to the situation in higher organisms and describe how some of the genetic modifiers discovered in organisms such as worms are functionally conserved throughout evolution. Finally, we demonstrate that the non-coding genome also plays a role in maintaining protein homeostasis. In all, this review highlights the importance of protein and RNA homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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- 2015
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14. Encephalopathy induced by combination therapy with valproic Acid and topiramate: challenging the utility of serum ammonia measurement.
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Sin O and Batterink J
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- 2015
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15. Genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans models for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sin O, Michels H, and Nollen EA
- Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans comprises unique features that make it an attractive model organism in diverse fields of biology. Genetic screens are powerful to identify genes and C. elegans can be customized to forward or reverse genetic screens and to establish gene function. These genetic screens can be applied to "humanized" models of C. elegans for neurodegenerative diseases, enabling for example the identification of genes involved in protein aggregation, one of the hallmarks of these diseases. In this review, we will describe the genetic screens employed in C. elegans and how these can be used to understand molecular processes involved in neurodegenerative and other human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: From Genome to Function., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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16. Gene silencing efficiency and INF-β induction effects of splicing miRNA 155-based artificial miRNA with pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.
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Sin O, Mabiala P, Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu T, Liu Q, and Guo D
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- 3' Untranslated Regions, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Plasmids genetics, RNA Interference, Gene Silencing, Interferon-beta genetics, MicroRNAs chemistry, MicroRNAs genetics
- Abstract
Artificial microRNA (miRNA) expression vectors have been developed and used for RNA interference. The secondary structure of artificial miRNA is important for RNA interference efficacy. We designed two groups of six artificial splicing miRNA 155-based miRNAs (SM155-based miRNAs) with the same target in the coding region or 3' UTR of a target gene and studied their RNA silencing efficiency and interferon β (IFN-β) induction effects. SM155-based miRNA with a mismatch at the +1 position and a bulge at the +11, +12 positions in a miRNA precursor stem-loop structure showed the highest gene silencing efficiency and lowest IFN-β induction effect (increased IFN-β mRNA level by 10% in both target cases), regardless of the specificity of the target sequence, suggesting that pSM155-based miRNA with this design could be a valuable miRNA expression vector.
- Published
- 2012
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17. Appropriateness of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test for critically ill patients.
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Sin O, Brown G, and Grant G
- Abstract
Background: In earlier work, it was shown that patients with septic shock who also have adrenal insufficiency experience a benefit in terms of lower mortality rates with hydrocortisone supplementation. As such, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test has been used frequently to identify these patients. However, recent evidence has suggested that the identification and treatment of adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock does not reduce mortality. These results call into question the utility of the ACTH stimulation test in this patient population., Objectives: To determine the indications for ordering the ACTH stimulation test for critically ill patients at a tertiary care hospital and to classify the indications as either appropriate (e.g., primary adrenal insufficiency or medication-induced suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis) or inappropriate (e.g., patients with septic shock, prior etomidate exposure, or absence of steroid use)., Methods: A retrospective analysis of health care records was conducted for all patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit and who had undergone an ACTH stimulation test during 2007. For each patient, the indication for the test was identified and classified as appropriate or inappropriate., Results: A total of 35 ACTH stimulation tests were performed during the study period, of which 8 (23%) were classified as having an appropriate indication and 27 (77%) as having an inappropriate indication. Of the tests with an inappropriate indication, 15 (56%) were ordered for patients with septic shock. However, the number of ACTH tests ordered for this indication declined as the year progressed., Conclusions: The ACTH stimulation test was often used inappropriately for patients with septic shock. Over time, there appeared to be a trend away from use of this test in this patient population, perhaps reflecting increasing awareness of the lack of benefit.
- Published
- 2010
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18. Construction of an artificial MicroRNA expression vector for simultaneous inhibition of multiple genes in mammalian cells.
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Hu T, Fu Q, Chen P, Ma L, Sin O, and Guo D
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- Cell Line, Gene Expression, Genetic Vectors biosynthesis, Genetic Vectors genetics, Green Fluorescent Proteins biosynthesis, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Luciferases, Firefly biosynthesis, MicroRNAs biosynthesis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, beta-Galactosidase biosynthesis, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Luciferases, Firefly genetics, MicroRNAs genetics, RNA Interference, beta-Galactosidase genetics
- Abstract
Recently, artificial microRNA (amiRNA) has become a promising RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Here, we describe a flexible and reliable method for constructing both single- and multi-amiRNA expression vectors. Two universal primers, together with two specific primers carrying the encoding sequence of amiRNA were designed and utilized to synthesize the functional amiRNA cassette through a one-step PCR. With appropriate restriction sites, the synthesized amiRNA cassettes can be cloned into any site of different destination vectors. Using the method, we constructed both single- and multi-amiRNA expression vectors to target three reporter genes, which code firefly luciferase (Fluc), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and beta-galactosidase (LacZ), respectively. The expressions of three genes were all specifically inhibited by either the corresponding single- or the multi-amiRNA expression vector in 293T cells. And the RNAi efficiency of each amiRNA produced by both single- and multi-amiRNA expression vectors was comparable.
- Published
- 2009
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19. Concomitant clozapine reduces smoking in patients treated with risperidone.
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Procyshyn RM, Tse G, Sin O, and Flynn S
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Clozapine therapeutic use, Risperidone therapeutic use, Smoking drug therapy
- Abstract
This pilot study examines the smoking behaviors of patients treated with either risperidone alone or in combination with clozapine. Smoking behavior was evaluated using expired carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and a semi-structured interview. Our results indicate that patients co-prescribed clozapine with risperidone smoke significantly less than patients treated with risperidone alone (19.1+/-9.3 vs. 37.8+/-19.1 ppm CO, respectively, P=0.03). These data are consistent with previous studies showing that clozapine treatment is associated with significantly reduced smoking behavior relative to other antipsychotic agents.
- Published
- 2002
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