27 results on '"Simpson diversity"'
Search Results
2. Exploring the Synergistic Impacts of Cover Crops and Fertilization on Soil Microbial Metabolic Diversity in Dryland Soybean Production Systems Using Biolog EcoPlates
- Author
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Durga P. M. Chinthalapudi, Sapna Pokhrel, William L. Kingery, Mark W. Shankle, and Shankar Ganapathi Shanmugam
- Subjects
microbial communities ,soil microbiota ,fertilization ,poultry litter ,Shannon diversity ,Simpson diversity ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The metabolic diversity of soil microbiota embodies diverse functional capabilities that support ecosystem resilience, driving essential biogeochemical processes and facilitating the optimization of sustainable agricultural systems. Integrating cover crops into agricultural systems cultivates a diverse array of metabolic activities among soil microbes, synergistically enhancing ecosystem services and bolstering soil health for sustainable and productive farming practices. In an effort to gain deeper insights and expand our knowledge, we conducted a study examining the effects of cover crops and fertilizer sources, thereby shedding light on their combined impacts on the metabolic activity dynamics of soil microbial communities. In this investigation, we employed a split-plot design with two factors: (a) cover crop with three solo cover crop species—Cereal rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and one mixture of mustard (Brassica rapa) and cereal rye (Secale cereale) (CC-mix), (b) Fertilizer source includes poultry litter, chemical fertilizer, and no-fertilizer treatments. We assessed the metabolic potential of soil microbiota by using carbon substrates utilizing Biolog EcoPlates. The findings revealed that the plots with CC-mix treatment exhibited greater metabolic diversity compared to the other treatments, while among the fertilizer sources, poultry litter demonstrated higher metabolic activity. Furthermore, both treatment factors predominantly metabolized carbohydrates and polymers compared to other carbon substrate categories. The principal component analysis accounted for 46.4% of the variance, collectively represented by PC1 and PC2, emphasizing the substantial contributions of carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids to the observed metabolic diversity. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that pH had positively correlated with microbial functional diversity, whereas total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and water-stable aggregates (WSA) showed a negative correlation. In conclusion, cover cropping and type of fertilizer source had a notable impact on soil microbial functional diversity, with the cover crop mixture exhibiting a more pronounced influence than the individual cover crop treatments.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Exploring the Synergistic Impacts of Cover Crops and Fertilization on Soil Microbial Metabolic Diversity in Dryland Soybean Production Systems Using Biolog EcoPlates.
- Author
-
Chinthalapudi, Durga P. M., Pokhrel, Sapna, Kingery, William L., Shankle, Mark W., and Ganapathi Shanmugam, Shankar
- Subjects
COVER crops ,SOYBEAN yield ,SOIL microbiology ,BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles ,POULTRY litter - Abstract
The metabolic diversity of soil microbiota embodies diverse functional capabilities that support ecosystem resilience, driving essential biogeochemical processes and facilitating the optimization of sustainable agricultural systems. Integrating cover crops into agricultural systems cultivates a diverse array of metabolic activities among soil microbes, synergistically enhancing ecosystem services and bolstering soil health for sustainable and productive farming practices. In an effort to gain deeper insights and expand our knowledge, we conducted a study examining the effects of cover crops and fertilizer sources, thereby shedding light on their combined impacts on the metabolic activity dynamics of soil microbial communities. In this investigation, we employed a split-plot design with two factors: (a) cover crop with three solo cover crop species—Cereal rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and one mixture of mustard (Brassica rapa) and cereal rye (Secale cereale) (CC-mix), (b) Fertilizer source includes poultry litter, chemical fertilizer, and no-fertilizer treatments. We assessed the metabolic potential of soil microbiota by using carbon substrates utilizing Biolog EcoPlates. The findings revealed that the plots with CC-mix treatment exhibited greater metabolic diversity compared to the other treatments, while among the fertilizer sources, poultry litter demonstrated higher metabolic activity. Furthermore, both treatment factors predominantly metabolized carbohydrates and polymers compared to other carbon substrate categories. The principal component analysis accounted for 46.4% of the variance, collectively represented by PC1 and PC2, emphasizing the substantial contributions of carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids to the observed metabolic diversity. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that pH had positively correlated with microbial functional diversity, whereas total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and water-stable aggregates (WSA) showed a negative correlation. In conclusion, cover cropping and type of fertilizer source had a notable impact on soil microbial functional diversity, with the cover crop mixture exhibiting a more pronounced influence than the individual cover crop treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Forest Tree Species Diversity Mapping Using ICESat-2/ATLAS with GF-1/PMS Imagery.
- Author
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Yang, Zezhi, Shu, Qingtai, Zhang, Liangshi, and Yang, Xu
- Subjects
SPECIES diversity ,FOREST biodiversity ,SATELLITE-based remote sensing ,OPTICAL remote sensing ,NUMBERS of species ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
Forest ecosystems depend on species of tree variety. Remote sensing for obtaining large-scale spatial distribution information of tree species diversity is a geoscience research hotspot to overcome the limitations of conventional tree species diversity survey approaches. Airborne LiDAR or synergy with airborne optical imagery has been used to model and estimate tree species diversity for specific forest communities, with many revealing results. However, the data collection for such research is costly, the breadth of monitoring findings is limited, and obtaining information on the geographical pattern is challenging. To this end, we propose a method for mapping forest tree species diversity by synergy satellite optical remote sensing and satellite-based LiDAR based on the spectral heterogeneity hypothesis and structural variation hypothesis to improve the accuracy of the remote sensing monitoring of forest tree species diversity while considering data cost. The method integrates horizontal spectral variation from GF-1/PMS image data with vertical structural variation from ICESat-2 spot data to estimate the species diversity of trees. The findings reveal that synergistic horizontal spectral variation and vertical structural variation overall increase tree species diversity prediction accuracy compared to a single remote sensing variation model. The synergistic approach improved Shannon and Simpson indices prediction accuracy by 0.06 and 0.04, respectively, compared to the single horizontal spectral variation model. The synergistic model, single vertical structural variation model, and single horizontal spectral variation model were the best prediction models for Shannon, Simpson, and richness indices, with R
2 of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.64, respectively. This research indicates the potential of synergistic satellite-based LiDAR and optical remote sensing in large-scale forest tree species diversity mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Trapping analysis of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Kurunthamalai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Author
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Sornapriya, J. and Lekeshmenaswamy, M.
- Subjects
HYMENOPTERA ,ANTS ,CARPENTER ants ,FIRE ants ,PITFALL traps - Abstract
Ant species were collected from three different methods bait trapping (BTM), all-out search method (AOSM), and pitfall trapping method (PTM) method. A total of 14 species belonging to the eight genera and four subfamilies are listed in the Palamalai region. Monomorium indicum, Solenopsis germinata, Trichomyrmex crinieceps, Trichonymex glaber, Camponotus mendax, C. guticollis, C. irritans, C. parius, C. rufoglaucus, Oecophylla smaragdina, Diacamma indicum, Leptogenys chinensis, Tetraponera rufonigra and Tetraponera spp were reported. Shannon Wiener, Simpson diversity, Dominance, Evenness, Menhinick, Margalef, Fisher alpha and Berger-Parker calculations and diversity richness are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Seasonal patterns of functional alpha and beta redundancies of macroinvertebrates in a disturbed (sub)tropical river
- Author
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Lu Wang, Jiaxu Li, Lin Tan, and Bo-Ping Han
- Subjects
Functional diversity ,Seasonality ,Macroinvertebrate ,Simpson diversity ,Bray–Curtis’s dissimilarity ,Disturbances ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Functional redundancy is an essential component of ecological insurance and indicates the properties of community assembly, maintenance of ecosystem functions, and stability under disturbance. It can be measured as alpha redundancy within a local community and beta redundancy between pairs of local communities. Although functional redundancy has been measured and discussed widely, its spatial and temporal patterns remain unclear. We hypothesized that high functional alpha redundancy accumulates within local communities under low environmental disturbance and limited interspecific competition, while high functional beta redundancy can occur under small environmental distances due to trait similarity between local communities. To test these hypotheses, we surveyed macroinvertebrates in a (sub)tropical medium river subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors in two hydrologically different disturbance regimes: wet and dry seasons. Following the framework of Ricotta and co-workers, functional alpha (beta) redundancy was defined as the fraction of species diversity (dissimilarity) that was not expressed by functional diversity (dissimilarity). Functional alpha redundancy reduced significantly under high hydrological disturbance during the wet season. That is, the functional alpha redundancy accumulated in the dry season enhanced community resilience and provided insurance to maintain the stability of community functional diversity during the flooding period. Taxonomic and functional beta diversities decreased synchronously from the dry to wet seasons. There were no significant seasonal changes in functional beta redundancy. Our study provides a case for quantitatively measuring functional alpha and beta redundancies in macroinvertebrates and their seasonal changes in (sub) tropical disturbed rivers.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Mapping the morphology of sprawl and blight: A note on entropy.
- Author
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Banai, Reza, Antipova, Anzhelika, and Momeni, Ehsan
- Subjects
- *
URBAN growth , *URBAN land use , *LAND cover , *ENTROPY , *LAND use , *MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The urban expansion from the city center to the suburb and beyond is indicated by Shannon entropy, a robust and versatile measure of sprawl. However, the metropolitan regionwide entropy masks the morphology of land cover and land use consequential to urban expansion within the city-region. To surmount the limitation, we focus on the block-group, which is a US census defined socio-spatial unit that identifies the metropolitan region's development pattern structurally, forming tracts that comprise neighborhoods. The concentration and dispersion of land use and land cover by block-group reveals a North American metropolitan region's commonly known but rarely measured spatial structure of its urban and suburban sprawl. We use parcel data from county assessor of property (GIS) and land cover pixel data from the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) to compute block-group land-use and land-cover entropy. The change in block group entropy over a decade indicates whether the city- region's land use and land cover transition to a concentrated or dispersed pattern. Furthermore, we test a hypothesis that blight correlates with sprawl. Blight and sprawl are among the key factors that plague the metropolitan region. We determine the correlations with household income as well as (block group) distance from the city center. It turns out, blight is among the universally held distance-decay phenomena. The share of the block group's blighted properties decays (nonlinearly) with distance from the city center. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The metropolitan region's outward growth is highlighted by mapping the changing morphology of the block group within the city-region. • The block group entropy is computed with land use (parcel) and land cover (pixel) data. • The block group entropy change indicates the pattern of the land use and land cover transition with concentration or dispersion. • We test the hypothesis that blight correlates with sprawl with statistical models. • The block group's blighted properties decrease (nonlinearly) with distance from the city center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Analyzing snapshot diversity patterns with the Neutral Theory can show functional groups' effects on community assembly.
- Author
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Laroche, Fabien, Violle, Cyrille, Taudière, Adrien, and Munoz, François
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONAL groups , *BIOTIC communities , *SPECIES diversity , *NULL hypothesis , *COEXISTENCE of species , *COMMUNITIES - Abstract
A central question of community ecology is to understand how the interplay between processes of the Neutral Theory (e.g., immigration and ecological drift) and niche‐based processes (e.g., environmental filtering, intra‐ and interspecific density dependence) shape species diversity in competitive communities. The articulation between these two categories of mechanisms can be studied through the lens of the intermediate organizational level of "functional groups" (FGs), defined as clusters of species with similar traits. Indeed, FGs stress ecological differences among species and are thus likely to unravel non‐neutral interactions within communities. Here we presented a novel approach to explore how FGs affect species coexistence by comparing species and functional diversity patterns. Our framework considers the Neutral Theory as a mechanistic null hypothesis. It assesses how much the functional diversity deviates from species diversity in communities, and compares this deviation, called the "average functional deviation," to a neutral baseline. We showed that the average functional deviation can indicate reduced negative density dependence or environmental filtering among FGs. We validated our framework using simulations illustrating the two situations. We further analyzed tropical tree communities in Western Ghats, India. Our analysis of the average functional deviation revealed environmental filtering between deciduous and evergreen FGs along a broad rainfall gradient. By contrast, we did not find clear evidence for reduced density dependence among FGs. We predict that applying our approach to new case studies where environmental gradients are milder and FGs are more clearly associated to resource partitioning should reveal the missing pattern of reduced density dependence among FGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Exploring the Synergistic Impacts of Cover Crops and Fertilization on Soil Microbial Metabolic Diversity in Dryland Soybean Production Systems Using Biolog EcoPlates
- Author
-
Shanmugam, Durga P. M. Chinthalapudi, Sapna Pokhrel, William L. Kingery, Mark W. Shankle, and Shankar Ganapathi
- Subjects
microbial communities ,soil microbiota ,fertilization ,poultry litter ,Shannon diversity ,Simpson diversity ,principal component analysis ,canonical correspondence analysis ,cover cropping ,living mulch ,microbial functional diversity ,catabolic diversity - Abstract
The metabolic diversity of soil microbiota embodies diverse functional capabilities that support ecosystem resilience, driving essential biogeochemical processes and facilitating the optimization of sustainable agricultural systems. Integrating cover crops into agricultural systems cultivates a diverse array of metabolic activities among soil microbes, synergistically enhancing ecosystem services and bolstering soil health for sustainable and productive farming practices. In an effort to gain deeper insights and expand our knowledge, we conducted a study examining the effects of cover crops and fertilizer sources, thereby shedding light on their combined impacts on the metabolic activity dynamics of soil microbial communities. In this investigation, we employed a split-plot design with two factors: (a) cover crop with three solo cover crop species—Cereal rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and one mixture of mustard (Brassica rapa) and cereal rye (Secale cereale) (CC-mix), (b) Fertilizer source includes poultry litter, chemical fertilizer, and no-fertilizer treatments. We assessed the metabolic potential of soil microbiota by using carbon substrates utilizing Biolog EcoPlates. The findings revealed that the plots with CC-mix treatment exhibited greater metabolic diversity compared to the other treatments, while among the fertilizer sources, poultry litter demonstrated higher metabolic activity. Furthermore, both treatment factors predominantly metabolized carbohydrates and polymers compared to other carbon substrate categories. The principal component analysis accounted for 46.4% of the variance, collectively represented by PC1 and PC2, emphasizing the substantial contributions of carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids to the observed metabolic diversity. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that pH had positively correlated with microbial functional diversity, whereas total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and water-stable aggregates (WSA) showed a negative correlation. In conclusion, cover cropping and type of fertilizer source had a notable impact on soil microbial functional diversity, with the cover crop mixture exhibiting a more pronounced influence than the individual cover crop treatments.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Evaluation at The Upper Taxon Level of Biological Diversity Parameters of Epigean Species in Mayer Lemon Agro-Ecosystems Used Different Application
- Author
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ULUSOY, Mehmet Rifat, ÇALIŞKAN KEÇE, Asime Filiz, and ÖZBEK ÇATAL, Burcu
- Subjects
Agricultural, Engineering ,Mühendislik, Ziraat ,epigean species ,conventional agriculture ,pesticide application ,weed cutting ,cover plant ,Shannon-Wiener ,Simpson diversity ,similarity ,dominancy ,Epigean türler ,geleneksel tarım ,pestisit uygulamaları ,yabancıot kesimi ,bitki örtüsü ,Simpson çeşitlilik ,benzerlik ,dominantlık ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the biodiversity parameters at upper taxon level of epigean species in mandarin agro-ecosystems with different applications between 2019 and 2022. Field studies were carried on the land of Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture Revolving Fund, on a 50-decare Mayer lemon variety orchard. For this purpose four parcels were chosen: (i) Chemical (herbicide was applied periodically for weed control and weed growth was not allowed), (ii) Weed cutting (in-row mulching and inter-row weed cutting applications are made), (iii) Vetch (in-row mulching and inter-rows covering plant with vetch (Vicia sativa L. (Fabaceae: Leguminosae)), and (iv) Control (where conventional agriculture is applied). Pitfall trap sampling method was used to measure the biodiversity parameters at the upper taxon level of the epigean (epigeal) species. Atrhropoda, Chordata, Mollusca (3 phylum) and Amphibia, Arachnida, Insecta, Gastropoda, Malacostraca and Reptilia (6 classes) were sampled over 3 years in the study. When the data were evaluated together with all the study years it was seen that the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity value was calculated in the vetch plot as 1.9981. The dominance value increasing or decreasing inversely with the diversity was calculated highest in the control (0.2746), weed cutting (0.2290), chemical (0.2172), and vetch (0.1686) plots, respectively. It was determined that the habitat with the lowest dominance was the vetch parcel.According to percent similarity the most similar parcel was found weed cutting and control parcels to each other and this similarity rate was calculated as 83,879 %. Vetch parcel was found 71,688 % similar to the group formed by control and weed cutting parcels. Besides chemical parcel was found %52.04 similar to the group formed by the rest of the study areas. Although vetch and chemical parcels were within the same garden boundaries, they were found to be only 58.012 % similar to each other.According to the results of this study; it can be said that the biodiversity in the agro-ecosystems where cover crops are applied, may have a higher biodiversity value than diversity of conventional agriculture lands. In addition, when these two different application methods are compared in terms of similarity, the rate of dissimilarity may increase due to the difference in epigean species living those agro-ecosystems., Bu çalışma, 2019-2022 yılları arasında farklı uygulamaların yapıldığı mandarin agro-ekosistemlerinde epigean türlerinin biyoçeşitlilik parametrelerinin üst takson seviyesinde değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Döner Sermaye İşletmesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan 50 dekarlık Mayer limon bahçesi seçilmiştir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için bahçede dört parsel belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; (i) Kimyasal (yabancı ot kontrolü için periyodik olarak herbisit uygulanmış ve yabancı ot büyümesine izin verilmemiştir), (ii) Yabancı ot kesimi (sıra içi malçlama ve sıra arası yabancıot kesim uygulamaları yapılmıştır), (iii) Fiğ (sıra içi malçlama ve fiğ bitkisi (Vicia sativa L. (Fabaceae: Leguminosae) ekimi) ve (iv) Kontrol (geleneksel tarımın uygulaması) parselleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Örtücü bitkinin etkinliğini belirlemek amacı ile çukur tuzak örnekleme yöntemi epigean türlerin üst takson seviyesinde değerlendirilmesi amacı için kullanılmıştır. Çalışma süresince Atrhropoda, Chordata, Mollusca Şubelerine bağlı Amphibia, Arachnida, Insecta, Gastropoda, Malacostraca ve Reptilia sınıfa ait epigean türler örneklenmiştir. Veriler tüm çalışma yılları ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek Shannon-Wiener çeşitlilik değerinin 1.9981 olarak fiğ parselinde hesaplandığı görülmüştür. Çeşitlilik ile ters orantılı olarak artan veya azalan dominantlık değeri en yüksek sırasıyla kontrol (0,2746), yabancı ot biçme (0,2290), kimyasal (0,2172) ve fiğ (0,1686) parsellerinde hesaplanmıştır. Dominantlığın en düşük olduğu habitatın fiğ parseli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yüzde benzerliğe göre birbirine en çok benzeyen parsellerin yabancı ot biçme ve kontrol parselleri olduğu ve bu benzerlik oranının % 83.879 olarak hesaplandığı görülmüştür. Fiğ parseli, kontrol ve yabancı ot kesme parsellerinin oluşturduğu gruba % 71.688 oranında benzer bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kimyasal parsel, çalışma alanlarının geri kalanının oluşturduğu gruba %52.04 oranında benzer olarak hesaplanmıştır. Fiğ ve kimyasal uygulanan parseller aynı bahçe sınırları içinde olmasına rağmen sadece % 58.012 oranında birbirine benzer bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; örtücü bitkilerinin uygulandığı agro-ekosistemlerdeki biyolojik çeşitliliğin, konvansiyonel tarım uygulamasının olduğu agro-ekosistemlere göre daha yüksek bir biyolojik çeşitlilik değerine sahip olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca bu iki farklı uygulama yöntemi benzerlik açısından karşılaştırıldığında, o agro-ekosistemlerde yaşayan epigean türlerinin farklılığından dolayı benzemezlik oranlarının artabileceği söylenebilir.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Calculation of biodiversity parameters of epigean Hexapoda species in different anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) agro-ecosystems in Burdur Province
- Author
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ERGENE, Şükrü Erden and AYDIN, Gökhan
- Subjects
Shannon-Wiener ,Simpson diversity ,similarity ,dominance ,vertical distribution ,Biodiversity Conservation ,Biyoloji Çeşitliliğinin Korunuması ,Simpson çeşitlilik ,benzerlik ,dominantlık ,dikey dağılım - Abstract
Bu çalışma farklı coğrafik koşullarda bulunan 3 farklı bölgede epigean böcek türlerinin biyolojik çeşitlilik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla 2022 yılında yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak 3 farklı rakımda yer alan Tefenni Plain, Beyköy (Abdülmelik) Plain and Çaylı Mountain Village seçilmiştir. Her bölgede anason ve rezenenin olduğu agro-ekosistemlere çukur tuzaklar yerleştirilmiş ve çukur tuzaklarla yakalanan epigean böcek türleri haftalık olarak kontrol edilmiştir. Çoğu Carabidae familyasından olmak üzere toplam 117 epigean böcek türene ait 2086 birey örneklenmiştir. En yüksek sayıda birey sırasıyla 841 ve 440 ile Tf ve Ta'da örneklenmiştir. Shannon-Wiener çeşitliliğinin sonuçları 2,7893 ile en yüksek Ta'da, en düşük ise 2,1775 ile Ca'da bulunmuştur. Shannon-Wiener çeşitlilik sonuçlarına benzer şekilde, Simpson çeşitlilik sonuçları da 0.9196 ile en yüksek Ta'da ve 0.7813 ile en düşük Ca'da hesaplanmıştır. Simpson'ın dominantlık sonuçları, Ca'nın 0.2187 ile en yüksek domiantlığa sahip agro-ekosistem olduğunu belirlemiştir. En dominant ikinci ve üçüncü agro-ekosistemler ise sırasıyla 0,1847, 0,1635 ile Tf ve Cf olarak bulunmuştur. Hem Shannon'a hem de Simpson Evenness'e göre; Bf ve Ba'da yaşayan epigean türlerinin popülasyon yoğunluklarının diğer tarımsal ekosistemlere göre daha dengeli olduğu görülmüştür. Yüzde benzerlik analizi farklı coğrafi koşullarda seçilen bölgelerin birbirlerine aynı tür bitkilerin birbirine benzemelerinden daha çok benzediklerini göstermektedir.Beklenenin aksine epigean böcek türlerinin bitki desenine göre dağılım göstermedikleri ve bitkilerle doğrudan ilişkili olmadıkları görülmüştür. Örneklenen epigean böcek türlerinin rakım farkından etkilendikleri düşünülmektedir, This study was carried out to compare the biodiversity parameters of epigean insect species in 3 different regions with different geographical conditions. Tefenni Plain, Beyköy (Abdülmelik) Plain and Çaylı Mountain Village, which are located at 3 different altitudes, were chosen as the study area. Pitfall traps were placed in agro-ecosystems of anise and fennel in each region and epigean insect species caught with pitfall traps were checked weekly. A total of 2086 individuals belonging to 117 epigean insect species, mostly from the carabid family, were sampled. The highest number of individuals were sampled in Tf and Ta with 841 and 440, respectively. The results of Shannon-Wiener diversity were found to be the highest in Ta with 2.7893 while the lowest was found in Ca with 2.1775. Similar to Shannon-Wiener diversity results, Simpson diversity results were calculated as highest in Ta with 0.9196 and lowest in Ca with 0.7813. Simpson's dominance results determined that Ca was the highest dominant agro-ecosystem with 0.2187. The second and third most dominant agro-ecosystems were found to be Tf and Cf with 0.1847, 0.1635, respectively. According to both Shannon and Simpson Evenness; the population densities of epigean species living in Bf and Ba were found to be more balanced than in other agro-ecosystems. The percentage similarity analysis shows that the regions selected in different altitudes were more similar to each other than the plants of the same species. Contrary to expectations, it was observed that epigean insect species did not show distribution according to plant pattern and were not directly related to plants. It is thought that the epigean insect species sampled are affected by the altitude difference
- Published
- 2022
12. Microbial biodiversity in arable soils is affected by agricultural practices.
- Author
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Wolińska, Agnieszka, Górniak, Dorota, Zielenkiewicz, Urszula, Goryluk-Salmonowicz, Agata, Kuźniar, Agnieszka, Stępniewska, Zofia, and Błaszczyk, Mieczysław
- Subjects
- *
SOILS , *BACTERIAL communities , *GEL electrophoresis , *BIODIVERSITY , *LAND use - Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the differences in microbial community structure as a result of agricultural practices. Sixteen samples of cultivated and the same number of non-cultivated soils were selected. Gel bands were identified using the GelCompar software to create the presence-absence matrix, where each band represented a bacterial operational taxonomic unit. The data were used for principal-component analysis and additionally, the Shannon- Weaver index of general diversity, Simpson index of dominance and Simpson index of diversity were calculated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles clearly indicated differentiation of tested samples into two clusters: cultivated and non-cultivated soils. Greater numbers of dominant operational taxonomic units (65) in non-cultivated soils were noted compared to cultivated soils (47 operational taxonomic units). This implies that there was a reduction of dominant bacterial operational taxonomic units by nearly 30% in cultivated soils. Simpson dominance index expressing the number of species weighted by their abundance amounted to 1.22 in cultivated soils, whereas a 3-fold higher value (3.38) was observed in non-cultivated soils. Land-use practices seemed to be a important factors affected on biodiversity, because more than soil type determined the clustering into groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Seasonal patterns of functional alpha and beta redundancies of macroinvertebrates in a disturbed (sub)tropical river.
- Author
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Wang, Lu, Li, Jiaxu, Tan, Lin, and Han, Bo-Ping
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNITIES , *ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *INVERTEBRATES , *SEASONS , *SPECIES diversity - Abstract
• Functional alpha redundancy was accumulated in the dry and reduced in the wet season. • Functional redundancy provided insurance for macroinvertebrates against disturbance. • Taxonomic and functional beta diversities were affected nonlinearly by environmental distance. • There was no significant seasonal change in the functional beta redundancy. Functional redundancy is an essential component of ecological insurance and indicates the properties of community assembly, maintenance of ecosystem functions, and stability under disturbance. It can be measured as alpha redundancy within a local community and beta redundancy between pairs of local communities. Although functional redundancy has been measured and discussed widely, its spatial and temporal patterns remain unclear. We hypothesized that high functional alpha redundancy accumulates within local communities under low environmental disturbance and limited interspecific competition, while high functional beta redundancy can occur under small environmental distances due to trait similarity between local communities. To test these hypotheses, we surveyed macroinvertebrates in a (sub)tropical medium river subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors in two hydrologically different disturbance regimes: wet and dry seasons. Following the framework of Ricotta and co-workers, functional alpha (beta) redundancy was defined as the fraction of species diversity (dissimilarity) that was not expressed by functional diversity (dissimilarity). Functional alpha redundancy reduced significantly under high hydrological disturbance during the wet season. That is, the functional alpha redundancy accumulated in the dry season enhanced community resilience and provided insurance to maintain the stability of community functional diversity during the flooding period. Taxonomic and functional beta diversities decreased synchronously from the dry to wet seasons. There were no significant seasonal changes in functional beta redundancy. Our study provides a case for quantitatively measuring functional alpha and beta redundancies in macroinvertebrates and their seasonal changes in (sub) tropical disturbed rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity ( Hill numbers).
- Author
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Hsieh, T. C., Ma, K. H., Chao, Anne, and McInerny, Greg
- Subjects
SPECIES diversity ,NUMBERS of species ,INTERPOLATION ,EXTRAPOLATION ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
Hill numbers (or the effective number of species) have been increasingly used to quantify the species/taxonomic diversity of an assemblage. The sample-size- and coverage-based integrations of rarefaction (interpolation) and extrapolation (prediction) of Hill numbers represent a unified standardization method for quantifying and comparing species diversity across multiple assemblages., We briefly review the conceptual background of Hill numbers along with two approaches to standardization. We present an R package iNEXT (i Nterpolation/ EXTrapolation) which provides simple functions to compute and plot the seamless rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves for the three most widely used members of the Hill number family (species richness, Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity). Two types of biodiversity data are allowed: individual-based abundance data and sampling-unit-based incidence data., Several applications of the iNEXT packages are reviewed: (i) Non-asymptotic analysis: comparison of diversity estimates for equally large or equally complete samples. (ii) Asymptotic analysis: comparison of estimated asymptotic or true diversities. (iii) Assessment of sample completeness (sample coverage) across multiple samples. (iv) Comparison of estimated point diversities for a specified sample size or a specified level of sample coverage., Two examples are demonstrated, using the data (one for abundance data and the other for incidence data) included in the package, to illustrate all R functions and graphical displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ants and plants as indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and conservation value in constructed grasslands.
- Author
-
Peters, Valerie, Campbell, Kaitlin, Dienno, Garrett, García, Mayrolin, Leak, Emaly, Loyke, Christina, Ogle, Megan, Steinly, Bruce, and Crist, Thomas
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY ,ECOSYSTEM services ,ECOLOGY ,GRASSLANDS ,WILDLIFE conservation ,SOIL conservation ,SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Grasslands are constructed for soil and wildlife conservation in agricultural landscapes across Europe and North America. Constructed grasslands may mitigate habitat loss for grassland-dependent animals and enhance ecosystem services that are important to agriculture. The responses of animal species richness and abundance to grassland habitat quality are often highly variable, however, and monitoring of multiple taxa is often not feasible. We evaluated whether multiple animal taxa responded to variation in constructed grassland habitats of southwest Ohio, USA, in ways that could be predicted from indicators based on quality assessment indices, Simpson diversity, and the species richness of ants and plants. The quality assessment indices included a widely used Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) index, and a new Ant Quality Assessment (AntQA) index, both based on habitat specificity and species traits. The ant and plant indicators were used as predictor variables in separate general linear models of four target taxa-bees, beetles, butterflies and birds-with response variables of overall species richness and abundance, and subsets of taxa that included the abundance of ecosystem-service providers and grassland-associated species. Plant Simpson diversity was the best-fitting predictor variable in models of overall bee and beetle abundance, and the abundance of bees classified as ecosystem-service (ES) providers. FQA and plant richness were the best predictors of overall butterfly species richness and abundance. Ant species richness was the best predictor of overall bird species richness and abundance as well as the abundance of ES birds, while the AntQA index was the best predictor for the abundance of grassland bird and butterfly species. Thus, plant Simpson diversity and ant species richness were the most effective indicators for complementary components of grassland animal communities, whereas quality assessment indices were less robust as indicators and require more knowledge on the habitat specificity of individual ant and plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Does community-based forest ownership favour conservation of tree species diversity? A comparison of forest ownership regimes in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.
- Author
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Silva-Flores, Ramón, Hernández-Díaz, José Ciro, and Wehenkel, Christian
- Subjects
FOREST landowners ,FOREST conservation ,PLANT species diversity ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
It is not clear whether any particular type of forest land ownership is better than another regarding the quality of natural resource management. However, some researchers have found that communal ownership is efficient for this purpose, providing all members agree to establish operational rules and apply these in an atmosphere of cordiality and respect. In Mexico, 26% of the forests are privately owned, 4% are publicly owned and the remaining 70% are owned and managed by rural communities known as Ejidos and Comunidades . Studies of how forests and forest management may differ in relation to the type of land ownership in Mexico are scarce. Research on differences in tree species diversity in Mexican forests is desirable because species diversity is an important index in community ecology and may be affected by forest management. Moreover, tree species diversity is used as a biodiversity indicator in various monitoring schemes for sustainable forest management. In order to help resolve the lack of information regarding possible differences in forest management in relation to land ownership type in Mexico, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to identify groups of climatic, physiographical and social conditions that are almost homogeneous but widely separated from each other, and (2) to determine whether the type of forest land ownership affects tree species diversity within each group. Vegetation-related data on 1592 plots in a forest area of about 6.33 million hectares were obtained from the Mexican National Forest and Soil Inventory. We used k -means clustering algorithms and the Affinity Propagation clustering, in an attempt to compare tree species diversity in communally and privately owned land. Finally, we used the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test and a permutation test to compare the mean values of the tree species diversity in each cluster of similar, special conditions identified. There were no significant differences in the mean values of tree species diversity between the two types of forest land ownership. Thus, the study findings did not support the hypothesis that tree species diversity tends to be higher in communally owned forests than in the privately owned forests in the study area. Future research is needed to address the following: (1) the effect of land ownership regime on forest fragmentation, (2) agreements among diverse stakeholders about the type of benefits derived, and (3) improvement of public policies aimed at cost-effective sustainable forest management, considering land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Long-term tree survival and diversity of highway tree planting projects.
- Author
-
Salisbury, Allyson B., Miesbauer, Jason W., and Koeser, Andrew K.
- Subjects
TREE planting ,URBAN trees ,INDUSTRIAL location ,DROUGHT tolerance ,SURVIVAL rate - Abstract
Long-term, multi-decade research on planted tree survival in urban settings is sparse. One understudied urban environment is highway rights-of-way (ROW), lands adjacent to high-speed, unsignalized roadways. We conducted a re-inventory of tree planting cohorts in northern Illinois, U.S. on a 48 km-long highway near Chicago which were 10-, 21-, and 30-years old to evaluate long-term patterns of survival and diversity. Using each randomly selected planting site along the highway as a unit of observation and analysis, we compared the number of trees documented in record drawing to the number of trees currently alive to determine percent survival. We evaluated 224 planting sites which originally contained 2944 trees and collected data about the planting site location. For the oldest cohort, 26% of trees were still alive in 2018 (median survival by species = 16%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 48%), while 31% of the 21-year-old cohort (med. = 6%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 47%) and 86% of the 10-year-old cohort were still alive (med. = 85%, Q1 = 74%, Q3 = 96%). The survival of the 21- and 30-year-old cohort matches urban tree survival estimates by other researchers, while the 10-year-old survival is higher than expected. The only planting location characteristic that significantly affected survival was traffic islands (areas between the highway and entrance/exit ramps). Species with low drought tolerance were less likely to be alive for the 30-year-old cohort. Waterlogging tolerant species were more likely to be alive in the 10-year-old cohort. Since some species in the 21- and 30-year-old cohorts had very low survival, the tree species richness and diversity s in study areas declined between the initial record drawings and reinventory. This study demonstrates the challenges of maintaining long-term survival and diversity in the highway ROW and emphasizes the importance of species selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Life-history trait and functional diversity patterns of ground beetles and spiders along a coastal heathland successional gradient.
- Author
-
Schirmel, Jens, Blindow, Irmgard, and Buchholz, Sascha
- Subjects
LIFE history theory ,SPECIES diversity ,GROUND beetles ,SPIDER ecology ,COASTAL ecology ,HEATHLAND ecology - Abstract
Copyright of Basic & Applied Ecology is the property of Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Analyzing snapshot diversity patterns with the Neutral Theory can show functional groups’ effects on community assembly
- Author
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Adrien Taudière, Fabien Laroche, François Munoz, Cyrille Violle, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Project 'Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication of crop plants' : ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTSFrench Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB), ANR-18-CE02-0025,GAMBAS,Nouvelles avancées dans la modélisation de la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques : améliorations statistiques et pertinences écologiques des modèles de distribution multi-espèces(2018), European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,tropical forest ,neutral theory ,species coexistence ,Simpson diversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,functional groups ,beta-diversity index ,Statistics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Mathematics ,Community ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,spatially implicit ,Species diversity ,Interspecific competition ,Biodiversity ,15. Life on land ,Deciduous ,Density dependence ,Phenotype ,Snapshot (computer storage) ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Null hypothesis ,Neutral theory of molecular evolution ,community ecology - Abstract
International audience; A central question of community ecology is to understand how the interplay between processes of the Neutral Theory (e.g., immigration and ecological drift) and niche-based processes (e.g., environmental filtering, intra- and interspecific density dependence) shape species diversity in competitive communities. The articulation between these two categories of mechanisms can be studied through the lens of the intermediate organizational level of "functional groups" (FGs), defined as clusters of species with similar traits. Indeed, FGs stress ecological differences among species and are thus likely to unravel non-neutral interactions within communities. Here we presented a novel approach to explore how FGs affect species coexistence by comparing species and functional diversity patterns. Our framework considers the Neutral Theory as a mechanistic null hypothesis. It assesses how much the functional diversity deviates from species diversity in communities, and compares this deviation, called the "average functional deviation," to a neutral baseline. We showed that the average functional deviation can indicate reduced negative density dependence or environmental filtering among FGs. We validated our framework using simulations illustrating the two situations. We further analyzed tropical tree communities in Western Ghats, India. Our analysis of the average functional deviation revealed environmental filtering between deciduous and evergreen FGs along a broad rainfall gradient. By contrast, we did not find clear evidence for reduced density dependence among FGs. We predict that applying our approach to new case studies where environmental gradients are milder and FGs are more clearly associated to resource partitioning should reveal the missing pattern of reduced density dependence among FGs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Reduction of avian diversity in created versus natural and restored wetlands
- Author
-
Andy J. Green and Esther Sebastián-González
- Subjects
Habitat creation ,0106 biological sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Simpson diversity ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Phylogenetic relatedness ,Wetland ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,Waterbird ,Threatened species ,Reduction (complexity) ,Avian diversity ,Restoration ,Alpha diversity ,Species richness ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Natural wetland ecosystems continue to suffer widespread destruction and degradation. Many recent studies argue that artificial or restored wetlands compensate for wetland loss and are valuable for waterbird conservation. However, detailed comparisons of the value of natural, artificial and restored wetlands are lacking. Our aim was to assess if the restoration or creation of wetlands can fully compensate for the loss of natural wetlands for waterbirds. We compared the waterbird communities in a set of 20 natural, restored and artificial wetlands, all of which are considered important for waterbirds and are located within the same protected area (Donana Natural Space, south-west Spain). We used different measures of diversity, including phylogenetic relatedness, and the proportion of threatened species at national, European and international levels. We found that artificial wetlands have consistently lower value than restored and natural wetlands, with little difference between the latter two. Natural wetlands are essential for conserving diversity across the tree of life and for threatened species, but restored wetlands can be of similar value and can assure maintenance of key ecological processes. Thus, when economic costs per unit area are similar, resources for wetland conservation are better invested in restoration projects than in wetland creation, and caution is required when suggesting that artificial wetlands compensate for the loss of natural wetlands
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Species Diversity Associated with Foundation Species in Temperate and Tropical Forests
- Author
-
James A. Lutz, Hannah L. Buckley, Alvaro Duque, Jonathan Myers, Dairon Cárdenas, Aaron M. Ellison, Jess K. Zimmerman, David A. Orwig, Bradley S. Case, and MDPI
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,spatial analysis ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Simpson diversity ,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ,Biodiversity ,Beta diversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,species richness ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,abundance ,codispersion analysis ,Forest dynamics ,Ecology ,Species diversity ,Forestry ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,Bray-Curtis ,Smithsonian ForestGEO ,Geography ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,Foundation species ,Alpha diversity ,Species richness ,Shannon diversity ,Temperate rainforest - Abstract
Foundation species define and structure ecological communities but are difficult to identify before they are declining. Yet, their defining role in ecosystems suggests they should be a high priority for protection and management while they are still common and abundant. We used comparative analyses of six large forest dynamics plots spanning a temperate-to-tropical gradient in the Western Hemisphere to identify statistical &ldquo, fingerprints&rdquo, of potential foundation species based on their size-frequency and abundance-diameter distributions, and their spatial association with five measures of diversity of associated woody plant species. Potential foundation species are outliers from the common &ldquo, reverse-J&rdquo, size-frequency distribution, and have negative effects on alpha diversity and positive effects on beta diversity at most spatial lags and directions. Potential foundation species also are more likely in temperate forests, but foundational species groups may occur in tropical forests. As foundation species (or species groups) decline, associated landscape-scale (beta) diversity is likely to decline along with them. Preservation of this component of biodiversity may be the most important consequence of protecting foundation species while they are still common.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The role of urban schools in biodiversity conservation across an urban landscape.
- Author
-
Muvengwi, Justice, Kwenda, Anesu, Mbiba, Monicah, and Mpindu, Tapiwanashe
- Subjects
URBAN biodiversity ,URBAN schools ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,CITIES & towns in art ,FLOWERING of plants ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
• Urban school yards have potential to support biodiversity in urban landscapes. • Exotic species are homogenized in urban school yards. • Diversity of indigenous species is related to school yard area. Previous studies have clearly outlined the importance of urban green spaces such as golf courses, urban gardens and street sides in urban ecosystem functioning. To date little has been done to consider the role of urban school yards in biodiversity conservation in Southern Africa. Our study therefore investigated the role of urban school yards in biodiversity conservation across an urban gradient in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. Ten schools were randomly selected from each stratum, low, medium and high density suburbs. School yards were surveyed for herbs (garden flowers) and woody plants (trees and shrubs). For α diversity, species richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were computed using the Hill numbers. Variation in species composition among schools was assessed using beta diversity (β SOR) and its components (β SIM and β SNE). A total of 120 tree species belonging to 43 families and 89 garden flowers belonging to 41 families were identified and recorded in school yards from the different suburb densities. Schools in medium density suburbs had highest species richness, Shannon, Simpson and beta diversity indices for indigenous trees compared with those in the low and high density suburbs. For garden flowers, there was no variation in species richness, Shannon, Simpson and beta indices across school yards from low, medium and high density suburbs. Our results demonstrate the important role of urban school yards in biodiversity conservation in general, though there is species homogenization of garden flowers and exotic trees across the urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Species Diversity Associated with Foundation Species in Temperate and Tropical Forests.
- Author
-
Ellison, Aaron M., Buckley, Hannah L., Case, Bradley S., Cardenas, Dairon, Duque, Álvaro J., Lutz, James A., Myers, Jonathan A., Orwig, David A., and Zimmerman, Jess K.
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY ,TEMPERATE forests ,TROPICAL forests ,BIOTIC communities ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Foundation species define and structure ecological communities but are difficult to identify before they are declining. Yet, their defining role in ecosystems suggests they should be a high priority for protection and management while they are still common and abundant. We used comparative analyses of six large forest dynamics plots spanning a temperate-to-tropical gradient in the Western Hemisphere to identify statistical "fingerprints" of potential foundation species based on their size-frequency and abundance-diameter distributions, and their spatial association with five measures of diversity of associated woody plant species. Potential foundation species are outliers from the common "reverse-J" size-frequency distribution, and have negative effects on alpha diversity and positive effects on beta diversity at most spatial lags and directions. Potential foundation species also are more likely in temperate forests, but foundational species groups may occur in tropical forests. As foundation species (or species groups) decline, associated landscape-scale (beta) diversity is likely to decline along with them. Preservation of this component of biodiversity may be the most important consequence of protecting foundation species while they are still common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Reduction of avian diversity in created versus natural and restored wetlands
- Author
-
Sebastián-González, Esther, Green, Andy J., Sebastián-González, Esther, and Green, Andy J.
- Abstract
Natural wetland ecosystems continue to suffer widespread destruction and degradation. Many recent studies argue that artificial or restored wetlands compensate for wetland loss and are valuable for waterbird conservation. However, detailed comparisons of the value of natural, artificial and restored wetlands are lacking. Our aim was to assess if the restoration or creation of wetlands can fully compensate for the loss of natural wetlands for waterbirds. We compared the waterbird communities in a set of 20 natural, restored and artificial wetlands, all of which are considered important for waterbirds and are located within the same protected area (Donana Natural Space, south-west Spain). We used different measures of diversity, including phylogenetic relatedness, and the proportion of threatened species at national, European and international levels. We found that artificial wetlands have consistently lower value than restored and natural wetlands, with little difference between the latter two. Natural wetlands are essential for conserving diversity across the tree of life and for threatened species, but restored wetlands can be of similar value and can assure maintenance of key ecological processes. Thus, when economic costs per unit area are similar, resources for wetland conservation are better invested in restoration projects than in wetland creation, and caution is required when suggesting that artificial wetlands compensate for the loss of natural wetlands
- Published
- 2016
25. Only Simpson diversity can be estimated accurately from microbial community fingerprints
- Author
-
Jean Jacques Godon, Bart Haegeman, Biswarup Sen, Jérôme Hamelin, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SYSCOMM project DISCO (ANR-09-SYSC-003) and TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41), ANR-09-SYSC-0003,DISCO,Modélisation multi-échelles du COuplage bioDIversité Structure dans les biofilms(2009), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
Phylotype ,Ecology ,Range (biology) ,Estimation Range ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Fingerprint (computing) ,Microbial Consortia ,Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ,Soil Science ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,DNA Fingerprinting ,Abundance Distribution ,Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Microbial ecology ,Abundance (ecology) ,Simpson Diversity ,Species richness ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Diversity Metrics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
International audience; Lalande et al. (Microb. Ecol. 66(3):647–658, 2013) introduced a promising approach to quantify microbial diversity from fingerprinting profiles. Their analysis is based on extrapolating the abundance of the phylotypes detectable in a fingerprint towards the rare phylotypes of the community. By considering a set of reconstructed communities, Lalande et al. obtained a range of estimates for phylotype richness, Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity. They reported narrow ranges indicating accurate estimation, especially for Shannon and Simpson diversities. Here, we show that a much larger set of reconstructed communities than the one considered by Lalande et al. is consistent with the fingerprint. We find that the estimates for phylotype richness and Shannon diversity vary over orders of magnitude, but that the estimates for Simpson diversity are restricted to a narrow range (around 10 %). We conclude that only Simpson diversity can be estimated accurately from fingerprints.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Robust estimation of microbial diversity in theory and in practice
- Author
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Jérôme Hamelin, Peter Neal, Joshua S. Weitz, Bart Haegeman, Jonathan Dushoff, John Moriarty, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Mathematics [Manchester] (School of Mathematics), University of Manchester [Manchester], Lancaster University, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], French National Research Agency (ANR) [AAP215-SYSCOMM-2009], British Council, French Foreign Affairs Ministry [22732SJ], Burroughs Wellcome Fund, ANR-09-SYSC-0003,DISCO,Modélisation multi-échelles du COuplage bioDIversité Structure dans les biofilms(2009), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Modelling and Optimisation of the Dynamics of Ecosystems with MICro-organisme (MODEMIC), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biology and Institute of Infectious Disease Research, and School of Biology and School of Physics
- Subjects
Hill diversities ,Gamma diversity ,Simpson diversity ,Rare species ,[INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH] ,Biodiversity ,Chao estimator ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Computer Simulation ,Seawater ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Relative abundance distribution ,Soil Microbiology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Bacteria ,030306 microbiology ,Ecology ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,Species diversity ,15. Life on land ,respiratory system ,Archaea ,Metagenomics ,FOS: Biological sciences ,metagenomics ,Shannon diversity ,species abundance distribution ,Regression Analysis ,Alpha diversity ,Original Article ,Species richness ,human activities - Abstract
Quantifying diversity is of central importance for the study of structure, function and evolution of microbial communities. The estimation of microbial diversity has received renewed attention with the advent of large-scale metagenomic studies. Here, we consider what the diversity observed in a sample tells us about the diversity of the community being sampled. First, we argue that one cannot reliably estimate the absolute and relative number of microbial species present in a community without making unsupported assumptions about species abundance distributions. The reason for this is that sample data do not contain information about the number of rare species in the tail of species abundance distributions. We illustrate the difficulty in comparing species richness estimates by applying Chao's estimator of species richness to a set of in silico communities: they are ranked incorrectly in the presence of large numbers of rare species. Next, we extend our analysis to a general family of diversity metrics ("Hill diversities"), and construct lower and upper estimates of diversity values consistent with the sample data. The theory generalizes Chao's estimator, which we retrieve as the lower estimate of species richness. We show that Shannon and Simpson diversity can be robustly estimated for the in silico communities. We analyze nine metagenomic data sets from a wide range of environments, and show that our findings are relevant for empirically-sampled communities. Hence, we recommend the use of Shannon and Simpson diversity rather than species richness in efforts to quantify and compare microbial diversity., Comment: To be published in The ISME Journal. Main text: 16 pages, 5 figures. Supplement: 16 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Consistency between Ordination Techniques and Diversity Measurements: Two Strategies for Species Occurrence Data
- Author
-
Pélissier, Raphaël, Couteron, Pierre, Dray, Stéphane, and Sabatier, Daniel
- Published
- 2003
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