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2. Standardized longitudinal strain curves stratified by age and sex in healthy individuals: The Copenhagen City Heart Study

Author

Christensen, J, primary, Simonsen, J O, additional, Modin, D, additional, Skaarup, K, additional, Lassen, M C H, additional, Johansen, N D, additional, Sanchez-Martinez, S, additional, Claggett, B L, additional, Marott, J L, additional, Jensen, G B, additional, Schnohr, P, additional, Moegelvang, R, additional, and Biering-Soerensen, T, additional

Published
2023
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5. A broken mirror? From representation to presentation of gender in Scandinavian news media

Author

Kjeldsen Anna Karina, Schmeltz Line, and Simonsen Jacob V.

Subjects
gender representation, gender equality, journalism, news media, qualitative gender presentation, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

Across Scandinavia, one can witness a situation where gender equality has previously been at the forefront of the political and societal agenda, but where progress now seems to be slowing down. The news media is a domain where this negative development is particularly pronounced, and several studies have established that the Scandinavian news media display a more unequal gender representation than the society they supposedly mirror. In this article, we report on an ongoing cross-Scandinavian research project on news media content, where we explore not only the traditional metrics of how many men and women are in the news, but also, more importantly, how women and men are portrayed in news media content. The study demonstrates significant gender discrepancies, echoing findings from previous studies on the quantitative representation of women and men, and, more importantly, it introduces presentation as an additional qualitative metric. Consequently, we contribute with an analytical framework involving a range of qualitative parameters through which the news media industry can comprehensively evaluate gender equality within their content.

Published
2024
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29. Deep learning-based quantification of PET/CT prostate gland uptake : association with overall survival

Author

Polymeri, E., Sadik, M., Kaboteh, R., Borrelli, P., Enqvist, O., Ulén, J., Ohlsson, Mattias, Trägårdh, E., Poulsen, M. H., Simonsen, J. A., Hoilund-Carlsen, P. F., Johnsson, ÅA., Edenbrandt, L., Polymeri, E., Sadik, M., Kaboteh, R., Borrelli, P., Enqvist, O., Ulén, J., Ohlsson, Mattias, Trägårdh, E., Poulsen, M. H., Simonsen, J. A., Hoilund-Carlsen, P. F., Johnsson, ÅA., and Edenbrandt, L.

Abstract

Aim: To validate a deep-learning (DL) algorithm for automated quantification of prostate cancer on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and explore the potential of PET/CT measurements as prognostic biomarkers. Material and methods: Training of the DL-algorithm regarding prostate volume was performed on manually segmented CT images in 100 patients. Validation of the DL-algorithm was carried out in 45 patients with biopsy-proven hormone-naïve prostate cancer. The automated measurements of prostate volume were compared with manual measurements made independently by two observers. PET/CT measurements of tumour burden based on volume and SUV of abnormal voxels were calculated automatically. Voxels in the co-registered 18F-choline PET images above a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2·65, and corresponding to the prostate as defined by the automated segmentation in the CT images, were defined as abnormal. Validation of abnormal voxels was performed by manual segmentation of radiotracer uptake. Agreement between algorithm and observers regarding prostate volume was analysed by Sørensen-Dice index (SDI). Associations between automatically based PET/CT biomarkers and age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score as well as overall survival were evaluated by a univariate Cox regression model. Results: The SDI between the automated and the manual volume segmentations was 0·78 and 0·79, respectively. Automated PET/CT measures reflecting total lesion uptake and the relation between volume of abnormal voxels and total prostate volume were significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0·02), whereas age, PSA, and Gleason score were not. Conclusion: Automated PET/CT biomarkers showed good agreement to manual measurements and were significantly associated with overall survival. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Me

Published
2020
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30. The effect of ignoring individual heterogeneity in Weibull log-normal sire frailty models

Author

Damgaard, L.H., Korsgaard, I.R., Simonsen, J., Dalsgaard, O., and Andersen, A.H.

Subjects
Weibull distribution -- Usage, Life -- Origin, Life -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The objective of this study was, by means of simulation, to quantify the effect of ignoring individual heterogeneity in Weibull sire frailty models on parameter estimates and to address the consequences for genetic inferences. Three simulation studies were evaluated, which included 3 levels of individual heterogeneity combined with 4 levels of censoring (0, 25, 50, or 75%). Data were simulated according to balanced half-sib designs using Weibull log-normal animal frailty models with a normally distributed residual effect on the log-frailty scale. The 12 data sets were analyzed with 2 models: the sire model, equivalent to the animal model used to generate the data (complete sire model), and a corresponding model in which individual heterogeneity in log-frailty was neglected (incomplete sire model). Parameter estimates were obtained from a Bayesian analysis using Gibbs sampling, and also from the software Survival Kit for the incomplete sire model. For the incomplete sire model, the Monte Carlo and Survival Kit parameter estimates were similar. This study established that when unobserved individual heterogeneity was ignored, the parameter estimates that included sire effects were biased toward zero by an amount that depended in magnitude on the level of censoring and the size of the ignored individual heterogeneity. Despite the biased parameter estimates, the ranking of sires, measured by the rank correlations between true and estimated sire effects, was unaffected. In comparison, parameter estimates obtained using complete sire models were consistent with the true values used to simulate the data. Thus, in this study, several issues of concern were demonstrated for the incomplete sire model. Key words: genetics, individual heterogeneity, survival frailty model

Published
2006

31. Temporal trend in paediatric infections in Denmark

Author

Kamper-Jorgensen, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Simonsen, J., Thrane, N., and Benn, C.S.

Subjects
Communicable diseases in children -- Forecasts and trends, Hospital utilization -- Research, Market trend/market analysis
Published
2006

37. Genetic diversity and mosaicism at the por locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Author

Fudyk, Trevor C., Maclean, Ian W., Simonsen, J. Neil, Njagi, Ephantus N., Kimani, Joshua, Brunham, Robert C., and Plummer, Francis A.

Subjects
Bacteriology -- Research, Mosaicism -- Research, Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Research, Genetic polymorphisms -- Research, Gene expression -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the variability of por genes in isolated gonococci to explore the effect of survival in a core group on the genetic diversity at the por locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nucleotide sequence polymorphism of por genes is examined.

Published
1999

39. A common CD4 gene variant is associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection in Kenyan female commercial sex workers

Author

Oyugi, Julius O., Vouriot, Francoise C.M., Alimonti, Judie, Wayne, Stephen, Luo, Ma, Land, Allison M., Zhujun, A.O., Yao, Xiaojian, Sekaly, Rafick P., Elliott, Lawrence J., Simonsen, J. Neil, Ball, T. Blake, Jaoko, Walter, Kimani, Joshua, Plummer, Francis A., and Fowke, Keith R.

Subjects
CD4 lymphocytes -- Research, CD4 lymphocytes -- Physiological aspects, HIV infection -- Risk factors, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV infection -- Genetic aspects, Prostitutes -- Research, Prostitutes -- Health aspects, Health
Published
2009

45. Examining situated design practices:nurses’ transformations towards genuine participation

Author

Østergaard, K. L. (Kija Lin), Simonsen, J. (Jesper), and Karasti, H. (Helena)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, design process, reflective practice, user participation, participatory design, design practice
Abstract

We scrutinise the concrete practices of participants’ engagement in participatory design through an empirical case in which nurses from different hospital wards began as reluctant users, but gradually engaged in processes approaching genuine participation. We expand a newly proposed, psychologically inspired perspective into a conceptual frame to investigate transformations towards genuine participation. This analytical lens elucidates how participants engage in becoming authentic, credible, attentive and present in participatory endeavours, and how this affects reflection and learning. The case includes the designer’s process of becoming a genuine participant during the project. By offering a new take on the concept of genuine participation using a dimension characterised by a genuine, focused presence, we offer our lessons learnt from applying the framework.

Published
2018

48. Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Author

Plummer, Francis A., Simonsen, J. Neil, Cameron, D. William, Ndinya-Achola, Jackoniah O., Kreiss, Joan K., Gakinya, Michael N., Waiyaki, Peter, Cheang, Mary, Piot, Peter, Ronald, Allan R., and Ngugi, Elizabeth N.

Subjects
Heterosexuals -- Diseases, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV (Viruses), Sexually transmitted diseases -- Risk factors, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Africa, Health
Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. HIV infection attacks the immune system and places infected individuals at risk for developing opportunistic infections, which can be life-threatening. HIV infection first appeared as a disease that was transmitted by anal intercourse among homosexual men and by intravenous drug use. However, it is becoming apparent that HIV infection can be transmitted between heterosexual partners. In the United States, heterosexually-transmitted HIV is not very common, and only accounts for 4 percent of all AIDS cases. Infection of regularly exposed female partners of men with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is thought to be infrequent. However, a recent study predicted that spouses of male AIDS patients have a 42 percent risk of contracting HIV-1 infection. Although HIV-1 is carried in the semen of infected men, all female sexual partners of men with HIV-1 do not become infected. In Africa, however, HIV-1 is a heterosexually transmitted disease. Those at greatest risk for contracting HIV-1 are prostitutes and their customers, and men and women who have several different sex partners. The reason why heterosexually-transmitted HIV-1 is much more prevalent in Africa than in the US is unknown. To identify the risk factors associated with and the rate of occurrence of heterosexually-transmitted HIV-1 infection in Africa, 595 prostitutes from Nairobi were assessed. When blood samples were tested for HIV-1 at the beginning of the study, it was found that 399 women were infected (seropositive) and 196 were not (seronegative). Within 6 months, 83 of the seronegative women became infected with HIV. Within 1 year, 72 more women became seropositive and only 41 women remained seronegative. Risk factors associated with developing HIV-1 infection included genital sores and infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The use of condoms reduced the risk of getting HIV-1 infection. The reason for the heterosexual HIV-1 epidemic in Africa is unknown, but frequent heterosexual anal intercourse and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases may be contributing factors. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

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