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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mrx-10.1177_01979183221109509 for “I think I am a very strong woman”: Arabic-Origin Women Mobilizing Values and Claiming Worth in Denmark by Sandra Angelika P. Al-Jarrah and Kristina Bakkær Simonsen in International Migration Review

Supplemental Material, imre12356_Supplemental_Material for Inclusive or Exclusive? How Contact with Host Nationals May Change Immigrants' Boundary Perceptions and Foster Identity Compatibility by Kristina Bakkær Simonsen in International Migration Review

Integration af indvandrere er et centralt emne på dagsordenen, både for politikere og den bredere befolkning. Dette temanummer belyser emnet i en dansk kontekst med den ambition at nuancere forståelsen af integrationens muligheder og udfordringer på forskellige centrale områder i det danske samfund. Denne indledning til temanummeret præsenterer begrebet integration, giver et overblik over udviklingen af den europæiske litteratur på området og afslutter med en diskussion af integrationens rammer i Danmark sammenlignet med rammesætningen i andre europæiske lande.

This article examines the perceived discrimination of immigrants; a group for whom experiences of discrimination can be damaging for their long-term commitment and identification with the national core group. Taking its point of departure in the literature on national identity, the article argues that perceived discrimination should be strongest among immigrants in host national societies with an exclusive self-image. This hypothesis is examined by use of multilevel regressions on cross-national survey data from 18 Western European countries. It is found that where exclusive attitudes are widespread in the host population, the percentage of immigrants who perceive themselves to be part of a group discriminated against is significantly greater, all else being equal. In addition, there is a cross-level interaction effect of host national inclusivity and ethnic minority identity which suggests that individual-level determinants of perceived discrimination do not ‘work’ in the same way in normatively different contexts. Discussing the implications of these findings, the article points to the importance of contextualising individual-level focused accounts of perceived discrimination, with particular focus on the power of the society’s attitudinal milieu to affect individual feelings of in- and exclusion. This article examines the perceived discrimination of immigrants; a group for whom experiences of discrimination can be damaging for their long-term commitment and identification with the national core group. Taking its point of departure in the literature on national identity, the article argues that perceived discrimination should be strongest among immigrants in host national societies with an exclusive self-image. This hypothesis is examined by use of multilevel regressions on cross-national survey data from 18 Western European countries. It is found that where exclusive attitudes are widespread in the host population, the percentage of immigrants who perceive themselves to be part of a group discriminated against is significantly greater, all else being equal. In addition, there is a cross-level interaction effect of host national inclusivity and ethnic minority identity which suggests that individual-level determinants of perceived discrimination do not ‘work’ in the same way in normatively different contexts. Discussing the implications of these findings, the article points to the importance of contextualising individual-level focused accounts of perceived discrimination, with particular focus on the power of the society’s attitudinal milieu to affect individual feelings of in- and exclusion.

This article examines the role of the ghetto in Danish political discourse. While ghetto studies have previously been conducted within the field of urban sociology, the article departs from this tradition in offering a discourse analytical perspective on the former Danish government’s strategy against ghettoization (The Ghetto Plan). Integrating perspectives from the literature on nationalism with Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analytical framework, the analysis argues that the ghetto marks an antagonistic anti-identity to Danish society. This discursive construction of the ghetto against society has the effect of confirming Danish identity, while at the same time precluding possibilities of the ghetto’s integration in society. Highlighting these implications, the study feeds into societal debates on integration, and suggests a framework for studying nationalist othering in a discourse analytical perspective.

Does Social Trust Increase Ethnic Tolerance? An Analysis of Cultural ReservationsPrevious research has emphasized that social trust makes modern societies more cohesive. Social trust is commonly defined as a faith in the unknown other. A number of previous studies have shown that trusters are also tolerant toward ethnic minority members. This article contributes to social trust research by examining the extent to which the relationship between social trust and tolerance toward ethnic minority members is conditioned by the preference for national cultural homogeneity. The empirical analysis shows that the relationship between social trust and ethnic tolerance is very weak among those who strongly prefer national cultural homogeneity. This finding suggests that parts of the international literature have overestimated the ability of social trust to create inclusive and coherent societies. The empirical analysis is performed with data from the European Social Survey from 2002 (N = 35,291 respondents in representative samples covering 22 countries).