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1,126 results on '"Simons D"'

1. Impacts of ecosystem service message framing and dynamic social norms on public support for tropical forest restoration.

Author

Simons, D.‐L., Bradbury, R. B., and Evans, K. L.

Subjects
*CLIMATE change denial, *NUDGE theory, *RAIN forests, *RESTORATION ecology, *PUBLIC support, *BIODIVERSITY conservation
Abstract

The effectiveness of strategic psychology‐based marketing techniques for increasing public support for conservation is poorly understood. We assessed how such techniques affect support for tropical rainforest restoration with a controlled online experiment with 1166 nationally representative residents of the United Kingdom. We tested whether support increased when adding ecosystem service (ES) framings to typical nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs) biodiversity‐focused messages that emphasize benefits to UK residents or people living near the tropical restoration site and a dynamic social norm nudge that emphasized increasing popularity of environmental restoration. We considered how respondents’ psychological traits (nature connection, self‐efficacy, psychological benefits of supporting charities, awareness of environmental degradation in the Global South, and climate change skepticism) influenced responses. Outcomes included respondents’ reported advertisement sufficiency, sympathetic attitudes, behavioral support, and financial support. The study population typically found advertisements sufficient and exhibited sympathetic attitudes and financial, but not behavioral, support. Younger people exhibited greater conservation support than older respondents. Messages framed solely on biodiversity conservation were as effective as those highlighting additional ES benefits received by UK residents and people near the tropical restoration site. This suggests that framing around ESs, rather than nature's intrinsic value, may not strengthen public support for conservation. The dynamic social norm nudge had perverse effects. It reduced perceived social norms and most outcome variables. Alternative dynamic norm nudges warrant testing, but our results support research suggesting dynamic norm nudges can be ineffective when associated with activism, challenging their use by conservation NGOs. Psychological benefits of supporting charities and perceived self‐efficacy increased support for advertisements, highlighting the benefits of including impact statements relating respondents’ support to specific outcomes. Climate change skepticism decreased support, whereas nature connection and perceived static social norms increased it, highlighting the need to increase nature connection and pro‐environmental social norms to elevate public support for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Frequentist Coverage Properties of Uncertainty Intervals for Weak Poisson Signals in the Presence of Background

Author

Coakley, K. J., Splett, J. D., and Simons, D. S.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

We construct uncertainty intervals for weak Poisson signals in the presence of background. We consider the case where a primary experiment yields a realization of the signal plus background, and a second experiment yields a realization of the background. The data acquisitions times for the background-only experiment,T_bg, and the primary experiment,T, are selected so that their ratio varies from 1 to 25. The expected number of background counts in the primary experiment varies from 0.2 to 2. We construct 90 and 95 percent confidence intervals based on a propagation-of-errors method as well as two implementations of a Neyman procedure where acceptance regions are constructed based on a likelihood-ratio criterion that automatically determines whether the resulting confidence interval is one-sided or two-sided. The first Neyman procedure (due to Feldman and Cousins) neglects uncertainty in the background. In the other Neyman procedure, we account for uncertainty in the background with a parametric bootstrap method. We also construct minimum length Bayesian credibility intervals. For each method, we test for the presence of a signal based on the value of the lower endpoint of the uncertainty interval. When T_bg/T is 5 or more and the expected background is 2 or less, the Feldman Cousins method outperforms the other methods considered., Comment: 12 pages,12 tables, 10 figures. This is the final version of a manuscript that has been accepted for publication by Measurement Science and Technology

Published
2008
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5. A review of acoustic imaging methods using phased microphone arrays: Part of the “Aircraft Noise Generation and Assessment” Special Issue

Author

Merino-Martínez, R., Sijtsma, P., Snellen, M., Ahlefeldt, T., Antoni, J., Bahr, C. J., Blacodon, D., Ernst, D., Finez, A., Funke, S., Geyer, T. F., Haxter, S., Herold, G., Huang, X., Humphreys, W. M., Leclère, Q., Malgoezar, A., Michel, U., Padois, T., Pereira, A., Picard, C., Sarradj, E., Siller, H., Simons, D. G., and Spehr, C.

Published
2019
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6. Integral Field Spectroscopy with the Gemini 8-m Telescopes

Author

Miller, B. W., Turner, J., Takamiya, M., Simons, D., and Hook, I.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We give an overview of the current and future IFU capabilities on the Gemini 8-m telescopes. The telescopes are well-suited to integral field spectroscopy and both telescopes will have optical and near-infrared IFUs within the next few years. Commissioning for the GMOS IFU on Gemini North has begun recently and it is now available to the community. Future integral field instruments will take advantage of wide-field adaptive optics systems., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX style file included, to appear in the proceedings of Galaxies: The Third Dimension, edited by M. Rosado, L. Binnette, and L. Arias

Published
2002

7. A Near-Infrared Wide-Field Proper Motion Search for Brown Dwarfs

Author

Hinz, J. L., McCarthy, D. W., Simons, D. A., Henry, T. J., Kirkpatrick, J. D., and McGuire, P. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A common proper motion survey of M dwarf stars within 8 pc of the Sun reveals no new stellar or brown dwarf companions at wide separations (~100-1400 AU). This survey tests whether the brown dwarf ``desert'' extends to large separations around M dwarf stars and further explores the census of the solar neighborhood. The sample includes 66 stars north of -30 degrees and within 8 pc of the Sun. Existing first epoch images are compared to new J-band images of the same fields an average of 7 years later to reveal proper motion companions within a ~4 arcminute radius of the primary star. No new companions are detected to a J-band limiting magnitude of ~16.5, corresponding to a companion mass of ~40 Jupiter masses for an assumed age of 5 Gyr at the mean distance of the objects in the survey, 5.8 pc., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2002
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8. The Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared Filter Set. I: Defining Optimal 1-5 $\mu$m Bandpasses

Author

Simons, D. A. and Tokunaga, A. T.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A new MKO-NIR infrared filter set is described, including techniques and considerations given to designing a new set of bandpasses that are useful at both mid- and high-altitude sites. These filters offer improved photometric linearity and in many cases reduced background, as well as preserve good throughput within the JHKLM atmospheric windows. MKO-NIR filters have already been deployed with a number of instruments around the world as part of a filter consortium purchase to reduce the unit cost of filters. Through this effort we hope to establish, for the first time, a single standard set of infrared fitlers at as many observatories as possible., Comment: PASP, in press; 32 pages, 11 figures, 3 Tables

Published
2001
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9. The Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared Filter Set. II. Specifications for a New JHKL'M' Filter Set for Infrared Astronomy

Author

Tokunaga, A. T., Simons, D. A., and Vacca, W. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a description of a new 1--5 $\mu$m filter set similar to the long-used JHKLM filter set derived from that of Johnson. The new Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared (MKO-NIR) filter set is designed to reduce background noise, improve photometric transformations from observatory to observatory, provide greater accuracy in extrapolating to zero air mass, and reduce the color dependence in the extinction coefficient in photometric reductions. We have also taken into account the requirements of adaptive optics in setting the flatness specification of the filters. A complete technical description is presented to facilitate the production of similar filters in the future., Comment: PASP, in press. 16 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables

Published
2001
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10. Flap Side-Edge Noise Prediction Within Conceptual Aircraft Design

Author

Ramdjanbeg, M. R., Bertsch, L., Rossignol, K.-S., Simons, D. G., Boersma, Bendiks Jan, Series editor, Fujii, Kozo, Series editor, Haase, Werner, Series editor, Leschziner, Michael A., Series editor, Periaux, Jacques, Series editor, Pirozzoli, Sergio, Series editor, Rizzi, Arthur, Series editor, Roux, Bernard, Series editor, Shokin, Yurii I., Series editor, Dillmann, Andreas, editor, Heller, Gerd, editor, Krämer, Ewald, editor, Wagner, Claus, editor, and Breitsamter, Christian, editor

Published
2016
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11. The Stellar Content Near the Galactic Center

Author

Davidge, T. J., Simons, D. A., Rigaut, F., Doyon, R., and Crampton, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

High angular resolution J, H, K, and L' images are used to investigate the stellar content within 6 arcsec of SgrA*. The data, which are complete to K ~ 16, are the deepest multicolor observations of the region published to date., Comment: 34 pages, including 12 figures

Published
1997
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23. Importance of patient bed pathways and length of stay differences in predicting COVID-19 hospital bed occupancy in England

Author

Leclerc, QJ, Fuller, NM, Keogh, RH, Diaz-Ordaz, K, Sekula, R, Semple, MG, Baillie, JK, Openshaw, PJM, Carson, G, Alex, B, Bach, B, Barclay, WS, Bogaert, D, Chand, M, Cooke, GS, Docherty, AB, Dunning, J, da Silva Filipe, A, Fletcher, T, Green, CA, Harrison, EM, Hiscox, JA, Ho, AYW, Horby, PW, Ijaz, S, Khoo, S, Klenerman, P, Law, A, Lim, WS, Mentzer, AJ, Merson, L, Meynert, AM, Noursadeghi, M, Moore, SC, Palmarini, M, Paxton, WA, Pollakis, G, Price, N, Rambaut, A, Robertson, DL, Russell, CD, Sancho-Shimizu, V, Scott, JT, de Silva, T, Sigfrid, L, Solomon, T, Sriskandan, S, Stuart, D, Summers, C, Tedder, RS, Thomson, EC, Thompson, AAR, Thwaites, RS, Turtle, LCW, Zambon, M, Hardwick, H, Donohue, C, Lyons, R, Griffiths, F, Oosthuyzen, W, Norman, L, Pius, R, Drake, TM, Fairfield, CJ, Knight, S, Mclean, KA, Murphy, D, Shaw, CA, Dalton, J, Lee, J, Plotkin, D, Girvan, M, Saviciute, E, Roberts, S, Harrison, J, Marsh, L, Connor, M, Halpin, S, Jackson, C, Gamble, C, Petersen, C, Mullaney, S, Leeming, G, Wham, M, Clohisey, S, Hendry, R, Scott-Brown, J, Greenhalf, W, Shaw, V, McDonald, S, Keating, S, Ahmed, KA, Armstrong, JA, Ashworth, M, Asiimwe, IG, Bakshi, S, Barlow, SL, Booth, L, Brennan, B, Bullock, K, Catterall, BWA, Clark, JJ, Clarke, EA, Cole, S, Cooper, L, Cox, H, Davis, C, Dincarslan, O, Dunn, C, Dyer, P, Elliott, A, Evans, A, Finch, L, Fisher, LWS, Foster, T, Garcia-Dorival, I, Gunning, P, Hartley, C, Ho, A, Jensen, RL, Jones, CB, Jones, TR, Khandaker, S, King, K, Kiy, RT, Koukorava, C, Lake, A, Lant, S, Latawiec, D, Lavelle-Langham, L, Lefteri, D, Lett, L, Livoti, LA, Mancini, M, McEvoy, L, McLauchlan, J, Metelmann, S, Miah, NS, Middleton, J, Mitchell, J, Murphy, EG, Penrice-Randal, R, Pilgrim, J, Prince, T, Reynolds, W, Ridley, PM, Sales, D, Shaw, VE, Shears, RK, Small, B, Subramaniam, KS, Szemiel, A, Taggart, A, Tanianis-Hughes, J, Thomas, J, Trochu, E, van Tonder, L, Wilcock, E, Zhang, JE, Adeniji, K, Agranoff, D, Agwuh, K, Ail, D, Alegria, A, Angus, B, Ashish, A, Atkinson, D, Bari, S, Barlow, G, Barnass, S, Barrett, N, Bassford, C, Baxter, D, Beadsworth, M, Bernatoniene, J, Berridge, J, Best, N, Bothma, P, Brealey, D, Brittain-Long, R, Bulteel, N, Burden, T, Burtenshaw, A, Caruth, V, Chadwick, D, Chambler, D, Chee, N, Child, J, Chukkambotla, S, Clark, T, Collini, P, Cosgrove, C, Cupitt, J, Cutino-Moguel, M-T, Dark, P, Dawson, C, Dervisevic, S, Donnison, P, Douthwaite, S, DuRand, I, Dushianthan, A, Dyer, T, Evans, C, Eziefula, C, Fegan, C, Finn, A, Fullerton, D, Garg, S, Garg, A, Gkrania-Klotsas, E, Godden, J, Goldsmith, A, Graham, C, Hardy, E, Hartshorn, S, Harvey, D, Havalda, P, Hawcutt, DB, Hobrok, M, Hodgson, L, Hormis, A, Jacobs, M, Jain, S, Jennings, P, Kaliappan, A, Kasipandian, V, Kegg, S, Kelsey, M, Kendall, J, Kerrison, C, Kerslake, I, Koch, O, Koduri, G, Koshy, G, Laha, S, Laird, S, Larkin, S, Leiner, T, Lillie, P, Limb, J, Linnett, V, Little, J, MacMahon, M, MacNaughton, E, Mankregod, R, Masson, H, Matovu, E, McCullough, K, McEwen, R, Meda, M, Mills, G, Minton, J, Mirfenderesky, M, Mohandas, K, Mok, Q, Moon, J, Moore, E, Morgan, P, Morris, C, Mortimore, K, Moses, S, Mpenge, M, Mulla, R, Murphy, M, Nagel, M, Nagarajan, T, Nelson, M, Otahal, I, Pais, M, Panchatsharam, S, Paraiso, H, Patel, B, Pattison, N, Pepperell, J, Peters, M, Phull, M, Pintus, S, Pooni, JS, Post, F, Price, D, Prout, R, Rae, N, Reschreiter, H, Reynolds, T, Richardson, N, Roberts, M, Roberts, D, Rose, A, Rousseau, G, Ryan, B, Saluja, T, Shah, A, Shanmuga, P, Sharma, A, Shawcross, A, Sizer, J, Shankar-Hari, M, Smith, R, Snelson, C, Spittle, N, Staines, N, Stambach, T, Stewart, R, Subudhi, P, Szakmany, T, Tatham, K, Thompson, C, Thompson, R, Tridente, A, Tupper-Carey, D, Twagira, M, Ustianowski, A, Vallotton, N, Vincent-Smith, L, Visuvanathan, S, Vuylsteke, A, Waddy, S, Wake, R, Walden, A, Welters, I, Whitehouse, T, Whittaker, P, Whittington, A, Wijesinghe, M, Williams, M, Wilson, L, Wilson, S, Winchester, S, Wiselka, M, Wolverson, A, Wooton, DG, Workman, A, Yates, B, Young, P, Quaife, M, Jarvis, CI, Meakin, SR, Quilty, BJ, Prem, K, Villabona-Arenas, CJ, Sun, FY, Abbas, K, Auzenbergs, M, Gimma, A, Tully, DC, Sherratt, K, Rosello, A, Davies, NG, Liu, Y, Lowe, R, Gibbs, HP, Waterlow, NR, Edmunds, WJ, Simons, D, Medley, G, Munday, JD, Flasche, S, Sandmann, FG, Showering, A, Eggo, RM, Chan, Y-WD, Pearson, CAB, Kucharski, AJ, Foss, AM, Russell, TW, Bosse, NI, Jit, M, Abbott, S, Williams, J, Endo, A, Clifford, S, Gore-Langton, GR, Klepac, P, Brady, O, Hellewell, J, Funk, S, van Zandvoort, K, Barnard, RC, Nightingale, ES, Jombart, T, Atkins, KE, Procter, SR, and Knight, GM

Abstract

Background\ud \ud Predicting bed occupancy for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requires understanding of length of stay (LoS) in particular bed types. LoS can vary depending on the patient’s “bed pathway” - the sequence of transfers of individual patients between bed types during a hospital stay. In this study, we characterise these pathways, and their impact on predicted hospital bed occupancy.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud We obtained data from University College Hospital (UCH) and the ISARIC4C COVID-19 Clinical Information Network (CO-CIN) on hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who required care in general ward or critical care (CC) beds to determine possible bed pathways and LoS. We developed a discrete-time model to examine the implications of using either bed pathways or only average LoS by bed type to forecast bed occupancy. We compared model-predicted bed occupancy to publicly available bed occupancy data on COVID-19 in England between March and August 2020.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud In both the UCH and CO-CIN datasets, 82% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 only received care in general ward beds. We identified four other bed pathways, present in both datasets: “Ward, CC, Ward”, “Ward, CC”, “CC” and “CC, Ward”. Mean LoS varied by bed type, pathway, and dataset, between 1.78 and 13.53 days.\ud \ud \ud \ud For UCH, we found that using bed pathways improved the accuracy of bed occupancy predictions, while only using an average LoS for each bed type underestimated true bed occupancy. However, using the CO-CIN LoS dataset we were not able to replicate past data on bed occupancy in England, suggesting regional LoS heterogeneities.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud We identified five bed pathways, with substantial variation in LoS by bed type, pathway, and geography. This might be caused by local differences in patient characteristics, clinical care strategies, or resource availability, and suggests that national LoS averages may not be appropriate for local forecasts of bed occupancy for COVID-19.\ud \ud \ud \ud Trial registration\ud \ud The ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study ISRCTN66726260 was retrospectively registered on 21/04/2020 and designated an Urgent Public Health Research Study by NIHR.

Published
2021

24. STARCASTING

Author

Businger, S., McLaren, R., Ogasawara, R., Simons, D., and Wainscoat, R. J.

Published
2002

25. The Mauna Kea Observatories Near‐Infrared Filter Set. II. Specifications for a New JHKL \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $\arcmin$\end{document} M \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $\arcmin$\end{document} Filter Set for Infrared Astronomy

Author

Tokunaga, A. T., Simons, D. A., and Vacca, W. D.

Published
2002
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32. Reconstructing the early global dynamics of under-ascertained COVID-19 cases and infections

Author

Russell, T.W., Golding, Nick, Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Wright, L., Pearson, C.A.B., van Zandvoort, K., Jarvis, C.I., Gibbs, H., Liu, Y., Eggo, R.M., Edmunds, W.J., Kucharski, A.J., Deol, A.K., Villabona-Arenas, C.J., Jombart, T., O’Reilly, K., Munday, J.D., Meakin, S.R., Lowe, R., Gimma, A., Endo, A., Nightingale, E.S., Medley, G., Foss, A.M., Knight, G.M., Prem, K., Hué, S., Diamond, C., Rudge, J.W., Atkins, K.E., Auzenbergs, M., Flasche, S., Houben, R.M.G.J., Quilty, B.J., Klepac, P., Quaife, M., Funk, S., Leclerc, Q.J., Emery, J.C., Jit, M., Simons, D., Bosse, N.I., Procter, S.R., Sun, F.Y., Clifford, S., Sherratt, K., Rosello, A., Davies, N.G., Brady, O., Tully, D.C., Gore-Langton, G.R., Russell, T.W., Golding, Nick, Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Wright, L., Pearson, C.A.B., van Zandvoort, K., Jarvis, C.I., Gibbs, H., Liu, Y., Eggo, R.M., Edmunds, W.J., Kucharski, A.J., Deol, A.K., Villabona-Arenas, C.J., Jombart, T., O’Reilly, K., Munday, J.D., Meakin, S.R., Lowe, R., Gimma, A., Endo, A., Nightingale, E.S., Medley, G., Foss, A.M., Knight, G.M., Prem, K., Hué, S., Diamond, C., Rudge, J.W., Atkins, K.E., Auzenbergs, M., Flasche, S., Houben, R.M.G.J., Quilty, B.J., Klepac, P., Quaife, M., Funk, S., Leclerc, Q.J., Emery, J.C., Jit, M., Simons, D., Bosse, N.I., Procter, S.R., Sun, F.Y., Clifford, S., Sherratt, K., Rosello, A., Davies, N.G., Brady, O., Tully, D.C., and Gore-Langton, G.R.

Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections are often unreported, which means that confirmed case counts may not accurately reflect underlying epidemic dynamics. Understanding the level of ascertainment (the ratio of confirmed symptomatic cases to the true number of symptomatic individuals) and undetected epidemic progression is crucial to informing COVID-19 response planning, including the introduction and relaxation of control measures. Estimating case ascertainment over time allows for accurate estimates of specific outcomes such as seroprevalence, which is essential for planning control measures. Methods: Using reported data on COVID-19 cases and fatalities globally, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic cases (i.e. any person with any of fever ≥ 37.5 °C, cough, shortness of breath, sudden onset of anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia illness) that were reported in 210 countries and territories, given those countries had experienced more than ten deaths. We used published estimates of the baseline case fatality ratio (CFR), which was adjusted for delays and under-ascertainment, then calculated the ratio of this baseline CFR to an estimated local delay-adjusted CFR to estimate the level of under-ascertainment in a particular location. We then fit a Bayesian Gaussian process model to estimate the temporal pattern of under-ascertainment. Results: Based on reported cases and deaths, we estimated that, during March 2020, the median percentage of symptomatic cases detected across the 84 countries which experienced more than ten deaths ranged from 2.4% (Bangladesh) to 100% (Chile). Across the ten countries with the highest number of total confirmed cases as of 6 July 2020, we estimated that the peak number of symptomatic cases ranged from 1.4 times (Chile) to 18 times (France) larger than reported. Comparing our model with national and regional seroprevalence data where available, we find that our estimates are consistent with observed values. Finally

Published
2020

47. Assessment of the sound quality of wind turbine noise reduction measures

Author

Merino-Martínez, R., Pieren, R., Snellen, M., and Simons, D. G.

Subjects
Trailing edge serrations, Wind turbine noise, Permeable inserts, Sound quality metrics
Abstract

Noise emissions from wind turbines are one of the main issues that the wind energy industry must deal with nowadays. Strict noise regulations often prevent wind turbines to operate at maximum power conditions, causing large losses of power production and, hence, of revenue. Several noise reduction measures have been proposed so far, but the use of trailing-edge serrations and permeable inserts seem to be the two most promising approaches, showing broadband noise reductions of several decibels. This paper considers the noise reductions (with respect to the baseline blade) observed in previous wind-tunnel measurements featuring these two measures, and scales and synthetically applies them to an experimental recording of a full-scale Vestas V90-2.0 MW wind turbine in operational conditions. The calculated results are then auralized for the observer location used for noise certification in the IEC 61400-11 standard. State-of-the-art sound quality metrics (loudness, tonality, sharpness, roughness and fluctuating strength) are then applied to these simulated sound signals to better understand the achieved reduction in noise annoyance experienced by humans. Reductions in the maximum A-weighted sound pressure level (Lp,A,max) of about 2.4 and 1.2 dBA are observed for the serrations and permeable inserts, respectively. In general, trailing-edge serrations seem to reduce the calculated annoyance experienced (17% lower than the baseline) more efficiently than the permeable inserts (just 2% lower)

Published
2019

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