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The purpose of writing the paper is the situation in agriculture in Serbia and the municipality of Kladovo, as well as the importance it achieves in the economic structure. At the level of Serbia, the importance of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (AFF) is analyzed through their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) creation from 2016 to 2020, while for the municipality level the importance is determined by the amount of funds allocated in the local self-government unit (LSU) for the needs of agriculture from 2018 to 2020. The obtained results indicate a high share of AFF in GDP creation (6.3% during 2020) and a low share of budget funds in the total budget of the municipality for support of rural development (2.34% in 2020). The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities for further development of agriculture in the Republic and the Municipality. The paper uses methods of critical analysis of relevant literature, as well as descriptions for interpreting the results obtained by empirical research.

This paper examines the impact of ten microeconomic factors on hotel business success. This research encompassed a sample of 115 small, family-operated hotels situated in rural regions of the Western Balkan countries (WBC). This research was based on the assumption that factors such as the size of the hotel, age, solvency, liquidity, labour productivity, capital productivity, CSR, and reduction of CO2 emissions exhibit a positive influence on business success, whereas leverage, indebtedness, and energy consumption have a negative effect on the business success of hotels. The findings revealed that business success from the previous period, size, liquidity, and CSR exhibit a positive influence on business success, whereas leverage, capital productivity, and indebtedness demonstrate a negative effect. Conversely, the age of the hotel and labour productivity were not found to significantly influence business success, as did energy consumption. In the context of sustainable development, a positive CSR impact means that tourists value this behaviour of the hotel, while a lack of a statistically significant impact of energy consumption implies either that hotels do not implement efficient measures of energy efficiency or that energy efficiency may not be a crucial factor in attracting guests or influencing their loyalty. The findings also show that labour productivity expressed conventionally does not have a statistically significant impact on hotel business success. However, when expressed in a way that respects the concept of sustainable development and CSR, workforce productivity is a significant factor in hotel business success. Due to the problem of multicollinearity, the influence of CO2 emissions was not examined. The findings suggest the following two groups of key measures: 1. Policymakers must work on ensuring more favourable conditions under which hotels can borrow, as well as on ensuring adequate infrastructure; 2. They must work on improving the strategy for maintaining liquidity to avoid the high costs of short-term loans and increasing size in order to further utilise economies of scale. These two microeconomic factors have the greatest impact on the business success of hotels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject matter of the paper is research in consumer behavior in connection with the purchase of wines of both domestic and foreign brands on the market of the City of Niš. The paper is structured so as to perceive the issue from several aspects. In the first place, our wish was to determine whether the respondents are regular wine consumers, and which sorts of wine they consume, and how many of them are not wine regular consumers. An effort was made to determine consumer habits via survey research. The examination method that implied personal examination using a questionnaire was applied. The suitable sample included 230 respondents from the territory of the City of Niš. The research was conducted in November 2019. While processing the data, it was noticed that a larger number of the respondents were regular wine consumers, namely consuming specific brands. The respondents mainly preferred domestic producers' wines. The results obtained can be observed at the level of the strategic marketing of the offering companies. The research study provides an insight in connection with the different aspects of the consumer behavior of those who consume wine, both at the general level and in connection with the choice of brands.

The subject matter of this paper is the analysis of the quality of the services and the sustainability of the business operations of insurance companies in the agricultural sector in the Republic of Serbia, depending on the teamwork concept. Teamwork belongs to the internal marketing factors in companies' business doing. Teams should have a common goal which the members may only achieve through joint work and a combination of the knowledge and abilities pertaining to different areas. Client satisfaction is a teamwork efficiency measure. Apart from a large number of satisfied users, a large number of new insurance programs innovated from year to year and offering its users an increasingly big range of possible types of insurance are also the indicators of the successful business doing of insurance companies in the agricultural sector. The research study was done on a suitable sample of 250 respondents, employed in 10 insurance companies.

The analysis of the possibilities of creating the sustainable competitiveness of an enterprise from the point of view of the functional uniformity of economic and ecological sustainability, as well as the production of products in compliance with the international standards for business operations, is the subject matter of the research conducted in this paper. The achievement of a higher level of competitiveness is a strategic goal of every enterprise, while the competitiveness of a product implies an appropriate standardization of quality. The starting assumption is that in order for enterprises to become competitive not only on the domestic market, but on the international market as well, it is necessary that they should standardize their business operations by improving the quality system. The goal is to gain an insight into how much significance domestic enterprises give to the standardization of quality, apart from the other needed factors, how interested they are in investing in the implementation of the ISO 9000:2000 standards, which are primarily oriented towards the satisfaction of client requirements, thus improving their own business operations. In this research study, the hypothetical-deductive methods, analytical-deductive and comparative methods, historical and statistical-descriptive methods, as well as the comparative statistical methods (ch2 Test, ANOVA), are used.

Copyright of Ekonomika is the property of Society of Economists 'Ekonomika' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agricultural policy of Western Balkan countries in the process of accession to the European Union market is characterized by high volatility, which is expressed in terms of the applied instruments and measures as well as the product concerned. In the first phase of liberalization of prices and trade, most countries abolished or significantly reduced the customs import and export barriers to a wide range of products and also reduced or eliminated production subsidies. Only import tariffs are the only basic protection instrument for producers. Input prices have increased considerably for producers, which has led to a decrease in income in agriculture. In reality, this meant that domestic agricultural production was left to the ruthless competition of EU countries that have far better developed agricultural and food production. In the past few years, the implementation of the new agrarian policy, in countries from the first round of accession candidates, the European Union has introduced budget support measures for producers, mainly in the form of payments per hectare or throat. These budget payments were made according to the model of the EU CAP.

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The abuse of bargaining power by retailers is reflected in unfair trading practices (UTPs) and there has been a growing interest among EU MSs to address them using regulatory approach and self-regulatory initiatives among market participants. The experiences of ex-YU and neighboring EU MSs are of interest for Serbia. Serbian food suppliers are not protected from UTPs apart from general competition and contract rules and payment terms regulation. Therefore, after a brief review of the global food retail trends and the role of power in the supply chain management in the introduction, the discussion focuses on UTPs and regulatory mechanisms to address them at the EU level, in selected EU MSs and in Serbia. Regarding existing EU and MS practices, it is recommended that Serbia introduce specific UTP regulation in the food supply chain and authorize the Commission for Protection of Competition for the enforcement.

The paper explores the agricultural potential of the municipality for Lajkovac and accordingly defines the development priorities and strategic measures of sustainable development in this area. The purpose of the research is to examine the real possibilities for the development of agriculture and rural areas of the Municipality. Consequently, the analysis focuses on: the structure of the economy of the Municipality, the importance and role of agriculture and agro-industry in the municipal economy and the development priorities and strategic measures in the agriculture of the municipality. The research's results show that the Municipality of Lajkovac has favorable factor conditions for the development of agriculture. With regard to the development of Lajkovac agriculture in the coming period, it will be important to develop the processing sector, that is, capacity building, especially in the small and medium enterprises in agriculture (SMEA) sector, in the field of processing meat, milk, fruit and vegetables.

In this paper we will research the factors of agricultural and food industry development of the city of Smederevo, and as a result we will define development priorities. The aim of the research is to consider the realistic possibilities for the improvement in this area using the SWOT analysis. The analysis is focused on: importance of the agriculture and agro industry in the economy of Smederevo, storage capacities in agriculture, processing of agricultural products, as well as the development priorities in the city's agriculture. The results of the research show that improving competitiveness of agricultural sector in the city of Smederevo requires implementation of adequate strategic measures and projects aimed to improve human potential, more processing of agricultural and food products, as well as better agro technical equipment of agricultural producers. First of all, activities in this field must include stronger connection between science and practice through reorganized agricultural stations, advisory service, agricultural cooperatives and other agricultural associations; development and implementation of new knowledge and skills through advice, trainings, seminars, courses; support to young farmers and modernization of agricultural holdings. All the projects in this field must be based on adequate government support (financial, advisory, logistic) and coordinated activities of public and private sector.

This paper examines the agricultural potentials of Stara Pazova, and consequently defines development priorities in this area. The aim at the research is to assess the real possibilities for improvement on agriculture Municipality. The analysis is focused on: knowledge transfer and innovation, agriculture technical equipment, warehouse and finishing capacities in agriculture, processing of agricultural products and the vision and development priorities over agriculture Municipality. The research results show that the improvement to the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of Stara Pazova requires the implementation of adequate policy measures and projects related to the improvement to human resources, higher level of processing of agricultural and food products, as well as better agricultural technical equipment agricultural producers. Activities in this area include primarily higher correlation science and practice across the reorganized agricultural station, extension services, home service , agricultural cooperatives and other associations of farmers; development and implementation of new knowledge and skills of farmers through advice, training, seminars, courses; support young farmers in the modernization of farms. All projects in this field must be based on adequate state support and coordinated efforts of the public and private sectors.

The authors give a brief overview of the situation in which there are small and medium enterprises in the agriculture of Serbia. Small and medium enterprises in agriculture should play a significant role in the economy of Serbia. This role would be reflected in terms of resolving the problem of high unemployment and unequal distribution of earnings, would contribute to increasing income and creating new jobs. Generally speaking, the authors believe that SMEs in Serbia is very important because it encourages the development of new technologies and innovations have direct impact on the level of aggregate demand and investment. In the current conditions the survival of SMEs was threatened by transition. During the transition process, many old enterprises have ceased to exist. This period has seen the formation of new companies. Their number is increasing, but still it seems that there are not enough. In the last fifteen years or more, Serbia pays attention that goes in the direction of promoting the development of this type of enterprise. This is done primarily by making a number of strategic documents. At the end, the authors have provided research results. This study aims to address the problems faced by SMEs in manufacturing, funding and marketing of products on the market.

The topic of the paper is tax and the tax system of the Byzantine Empire. The tax system analysed in this paper was created and applied from the 3rd to the 9th century. In this research, the author tried to point out the changes that took place in the property relations in the agriculture of the Empire, which in many ways affected the organization and method of tax collection. The paper provides an analysis from which it can be noted that the organization of tax collection followed the changes that took place in Byzantine society. Agricultural production in the first centuries was based on the relationship between the colonists and the landowners. That relationship began to change from the beginning of the 7th century, when an increasing number of free peasants began to appear in agricultural production. The Roman and then the Byzantine system of tax collection was based on the registration of the land in the cadastre. Every land owner had to be registered in the cadastre, and thus was obliged to pay taxes. The financial administration of the Empire gave estimates every year of how much tax should be collected. The tax system in these times is going through changes in the way it is collected. The old relationship in which head tax and land tax are collected is abandoned and a system of special assessments, household tax and land tax is introduced. The changes that occurred in the method of tax collection influenced the further development of relations in Byzantine agriculture. Throughout this period, taxes were collected in money, mostly gold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Journal / Sestrinski Glasnik is the property of Croatian Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors explore deals and payments that have a positive effect on the development of Common agricultural and cohesion policy. They particularly emphasize the ways of protecting the European Union from cheap imported products from non-EU countries. They also deal with the mechanisms that are built into the process, with the structural policy regarding 'Agenda 2000', as well as the reforms of Common agricultural and cohesion policy from its beginnings until now. The paper presents problems of guaranteed prices, ecology, quotas, agricultural levies and customs duties. The authors also investigated the Common Agricultural and Rural Policy of the European Union 2014-2020, the ways to accelerate the transfer of technology and strengthen the cooperation between agriculture and research sectors in the future.

The authors gave a brief overview on the situation of cooperatives in Serbia. They introduce us to the cooperative legislation which will be, in the current period, important factor in the development of agricultural cooperatives. Serbia is obligated to harmonize its laws with the laws of European Union. The process of harmonization should be done with the cooperative legislation, too. In the current conditions, the survival of the cooperative is threatened by transition. In the transition process it is required from agricultural cooperatives to return forcefully confiscated land to their rightful owners or their heirs. It is also necessary to return the land taken away from its members and given to the cooperatives to manage it. This process has largely been completed. Some agricultural cooperatives ceased to exist in the transition. At the end, the authors have made a study on the situation in cooperatives in Nišava district. The aim of the research is to analyze the results of the application of the concept of cooperative organization and association of farmers in the transition process.

Work as a factor of stability, has always had a special place and importance in the life of every individual. A modern condition of work and business are not at all easy and simple and does not provide security and certainty to which we are accustomed to in the previous period. Modern time brings new challenges for workers and organizations. Given that workers can no longer expect a job for life, must take care to enable themselves to work whole life. Knowledge has become the most precious resource and carrier competitiveness. Only continuous innovation in knowledge and their implementation may accompany steaming river of civilization changes. On knowledge is based innovation that brings fortune. Only those who at the time adopt their business culture to the most modern trends and market demands , will be able to count on an adequate place in the world division of power and capital.

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our sample numbered 46 participants, elementary school children, aged 13 ± 6 months, selected from a population of young judoists from Pale. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of an experimental program of motor strength on the adaptive processes of functional abilities and coordination of selected judoists. The results of the of the canonical discriminant analysis showed that by using an experimental program of motor strength consisting of 24 classes eventually led to a statistically significant increase in the level of functional abilities and coordination of the participants.

The research was carried out on a sample of 55 female high school students from Niš, 15 years of age (± 6 months). The aim of the research was to determine the canonical correlations between morphological dimensions, on the one hand, and tests for the evaluation of repetitive strength on the other, among the female students. The problem of this research was the evaluation of the influence of morphological dimensions on the achieved results for repetitive strength. 10 anthropometric measurements of morphological characteristics were used, which define longitudinal dimensionality and dimensionality of the skeleton, transversal dimensionality of the skeleton and circular dimensionality and body mass. Repetitive strength was evaluated by means of three tests. The results of the canonical correlation analysis have shown that a significant canonical factor can be found between the morphological dimensions (as the predictor system) and explosive strength (as the criterion system), along with a high corre analysis.

The authors point out that the economic advantages of small companies are reflected in greater flexibility, ie, rapid adaptation to changes in the environment. These companies have more space to create new businesses and jobs. Nevertheless small and medium enterprises have local character and contribute to community development. They represent a more humane environment for work with than large companies. The Strategy of development of competitive and innovative small and medium enterprises for the period since 2008. Year 2013. The emphasis on the importance of these enterprises as w ell as development factors of production and restructuring of agribusiness and the intensive development of rural areas. Small and medium enterprises, in addition to privatization and foreign direct investment, recognized as engines of economic development. This resulted in the adoption of the Strategy for Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2003-2008. Year action plan to stimulate the development of SMEs and entrepreneurship 2005-2007. Year, representing a starting point, and this strategy.

Copyright of Ekonomika is the property of Society of Economists 'Ekonomika' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informatica Medica Slovenica is the property of Slovenian Medical Informatics Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of writing the paper is the situation in agriculture in Serbia and the municipality of Kladovo, as well as the importance it achieves in the economic structure. At the level of Serbia, the importance of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (AFF) is analyzed through their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) creation from 2016 to 2020, while for the municipality level the importance is determined by the amount of funds allocated in the local self-government unit (LSU) for the needs of agriculture from 2018 to 2020. The obtained results indicate a high share of AFF in GDP creation (6.3% during 2020) and a low share of budget funds in the total budget of the municipality for support of rural development (2.34% in 2020). The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities for further development of agriculture in the Republic and the Municipality. The paper uses methods of critical analysis of relevant literature, as well as descriptions for interpreting the results obtained by empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]