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93 results on '"Simonetta Palmas"'

1. Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline/metal-based Anodes and Their Use in Microbial Fuel Cell

Author

Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Elisa Casula, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, and Jesus Rodriguez

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

A limited number of metals may be suitable as bioanode material: noble metals, such as gold and platinum, could be the optimum choice being electrochemically inert in the operational potential window of the bio-electrochemical system. However, high costs limit their wide scale application. Even though its antimicrobial nature, copper is being considered as a promising alternative anode material, due to its high conductivity, that allows minimising the electrode material costs. Literature research indicated that high-performing electrochemically active biofilms may be grown on this metal. In the present work, gold and copper substrates have been coated by a conductive polymer (PANI), using a layer – by – layer procedure: surface grafting by reduction of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium salt was followed by reduction of nitro- to amino-groups; PANI was electrodeposited on this under-layer. The synthesized anodes were tested as working electrodes (WE) in a microbial fuel cell fed with anaerobic sludge and acetate; to assess the growth of the biofilm on the WE surface, the trend of the bioelectrocatalytic current of acetate oxidation was monitored over time. Cyclic voltammetries reveal the presence of typical redox couples related to the presence of electroactive microorganisms on the electrode surface. Preliminary data show bioelectrochemical activity on polyaniline-coated metal surfaces.

Published
2021

2. Catalytic Activity of Cu and Cu/sn Electrodes During CO2 Reduction from Aqueous Media

Author

Laura Mais, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Francesca Ferrara, and Alberto Pettinau

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

In this work, we investigated the catalytic activity of copper-based electrodes during CO2 reduction from KHCO3 aqueous solutions. Copper electrodes, synthetized by the electrochemical reduction of thermally formed copper oxide (CuRE), or by decorating of CuRE with tin (CuRE/Sn) were tested. Moreover, commercial copper or tin foils have been used for comparison. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammeteries and linear sweep voltammetries were adopted in order to derive information on the reductive processes and to characterise the behaviour of the electrodes. Higher cathodic currents were obtained using CuRE and CuRE/Sn with respect to commercial foils. Depending on the applied potential, lower faradic efficiency (FE) is obtained at CuRE/Sn rather than at CuRE, and a very high loading of Sn seems to be required to increase the FE by some percentage points. Interestingly, at the lowest investigated potential (-0.8 V), the presence of Sn, even at low amount, was able to catalyse the formic acid formation, with a FE of 14%.

Published
2019
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3. Simple and Precise Approach for Determination of Ohmic Contribution of Diaphragms in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Author

Jesús Rodríguez, Simonetta Palmas, Margarita Sánchez-Molina, Ernesto Amores, Laura Mais, and Roberto Campana

Subjects
alkaline water electrolysis, diaphragm, ionic conductivity, ohmic contribution, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

A simple and low-cost alternating current (AC)-based method, without electrolyte correction, is proposed (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-Zero Gap Cell) for the determination of ohmic contribution of diaphragms. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was evaluated by using a commercial Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE) diaphragm (Zirfon®). Furthermore, the results were compared with two conventional electrochemical methodologies for calculating the separator resistance, based on direct current (DC), and AC measurements, respectively. Compared with the previous techniques, the proposed approach reported more accurate and precise values of resistance for new and aged samples. Compared with the manufacturer reference, the obtained error values for new samples were 0.33%, 5.64%, and 41.7%, respectively for EIS-Zero gap cell, AC and DC methods, confirming the validity and convenience of the proposed technique.

Published
2019
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4. Photoelectrocatalytic Performances of Nanostructured/Decorated TiO2 Electrodes: Effect of Wavelength and Cell Configuration

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca, and Ilenia Tredici

Subjects
Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

The behaviour of TiO2 based electrodes was investigated during the photoelectrocatalytic water splitting process. TiO2 nanotubes and compact oxide structures were obtained by electrochemical oxidation of Ti foils. A subsequent hydrothermal process carried out at both the nanotubular and compact oxide structures allowed decorating the structure by TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized TiO2 samples worked as photoanodes both in a bulk three electrode cell and in a thin gap cell. The results from measurements of the photocurrent and from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to highlight a combined effect of the wavelength of the incident light and the kind of cell configuration, on the global performance of the systems. The results indicate that the decoration process does not result only in a simple increase of the specific surface, but it also determines a different concentration of the bulk and superficial sites in the electrode. The different response of the sites at different wavelengths, along with the accessibility of the electrolyte to the porous structure are evocated to justify the experimental behaviour observed.

Published
2013
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5. Investigation on the Adsorption and Photooxidation of Glycerol at TiO2 Nanotubular Arrays

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Anna Da Pozzo, Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca, and Roberto Matarrese

Subjects
Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

A study is presented on the adsorption of glycerol at TiO2 as well as on its oxidative process during the contemporary water Photoelectro-splitting for hydrogen production. A deepening in the understanding on the working mechanism of the TiO2 nanotubular photoanodes and on the interactions between glycerol and these structures has been gained through photocurrent tests, voltammetric scans, and EIS analysis. A range of wavelength of the incident radiation is investigated from 340 to 400 nm at which the effect of glycerol on the photocurrent is measured. Quantitative analysis of the EIS results is performed by the equivalent circuit approach.

Published
2012
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7. Bibliometric Analysis of the Research on Photo-electrocatalysis and Its Possible Application to Wastewater Treatment

Author

Annalisa Vacca, Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, and Laura Mais

Subjects
Bibliometric analysis, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, Pulp and paper industry
Abstract

Background: Possible applications of photoelectrocatalysis in the field of environmentally sustainable processes have inspired an exponentially increasing number of papers in the last decades. Less frequently, bibliometric analyses are presented, which are especially useful when a considerable amount of data is involved: metadata can be viewed from micro to macro perspective and may suggest ideas for future research. Objective: The objective of this study is to derive information on the research trends and to individuate possible gaps in specific topics, as well information on the authors and their related countries and institutes, and to quantify possible cooperation patterns between them. Methods: In addition to the classic data analyses immediately available on the database, such as the trend of the number of publications per year and the list of the most active authors or countries, the bibliometric analysis has been carried out using the VOSviewer software. Co-authorship and cocitation analyses have been performed, as well as co-occurrence of the keywords explicitly indicated by the authors. Conclusion: Based on the publications in the SCOPUS database, the present work analysed the metadata relating to scientific articles published in the last two decades, dedicated to the research on photo-electrocatalytic processes and their possible application on wastewater treatment. Based on the list of the references present in the examined papers, the co-authorship analysis and the co-citation analysis also allowed the identification of the authors and the publications which have been most influential on the research on the examined topics. Indication has been obtained on the trend of the main topics investigated in time, as well as the current gaps in terms of content-wise and geographic cooperation.

Published
2021

9. Effect of Potential and Chlorides on Photoelectrochemical Removal of Diethyl Phthalate from Water

Author

Annalisa Vacca, Simonetta Palmas, Laura Mais, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
Kinetics, Inorganic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, persistent organic pollutants, TP1-1185, 010402 general chemistry, Diethyl phthalate, 01 natural sciences, Chloride, Catalysis, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, diethyl phthalate, medicine, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Pollutant, Chemistry, Chemical technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, photoelectrochemical degradation, 0104 chemical sciences, TiO2 nanotubes, Photocatalysis, Degradation (geology), chloride ions, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Removal of persistent pollutants from water by photoelectrocatalysis has emerged as a promising powerful process. Applied potential plays a key role in the photocatalytic activity of the semi-conductor as well as the possible presence of chloride ions in the solution. This work aims to investigate these effects on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by using TiO2 nanotubular anodes under solar light irradiation. PEC tests were performed at constant potentials under different concentration of NaCl. The process is able to remove DEP following a pseudo-first order kinetics: values of kapp of 1.25 × 10−3 min−1 and 1.56 × 10−4 min−1 have been obtained at applied potentials of 1.8 and 0.2 V, respectively. Results showed that, depending on the applied potential, the presence of chloride ions in the solution affects the degradation rate resulting in a negative effect: the presence of 500 mM of Cl− reduces the value of kapp by 50 and 80% at 0.2 and 1.8 V respectively.

Published
2021

10. Photoelectrochemical oxidation of phenol with nanostructured TiO2-PANI electrodes under solar light irradiation

Author

Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Aqueous solution, Photoelectrochemical oxidation, Materials science, Hydroquinone, Inorganic chemistry, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Reaction rate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, Polyaniline, Electrode, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The photoelectrochemical removal of phenol from aqueous solution under solar light with polyaniline-modified TiO2 electrodes has been investigated. Nanotubular TiO2 electrodes (NTs) have been obtained by anodization of Ti; the coating with polyaniline (PANI) has been obtained with a three-step approach: (i) functionalization of NTs by electroreduction of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium salt, (ii) electrochemical reduction of the nitro group to amine, (iii) galvanostatic electropolymerisation of aniline. The results of galvanostatic electrolyses under simulated solar light are presented, degradation of phenol with TiO2 was achieved and the trends of concentration with time follow a pseudo-first order kinetics. As a comparison, also unmodified NTs have been tested. The results depend on the initial concentration of reactant, with 300 mg dm−3 of phenol and applying a current density i = 0.18 mA cm−2, the reaction rate with NT-PANI was more than double of that obtained with NTs. Moreover, the presence of PANI increases the conductivity of the electrode, which in turn depolarizes the cell. Hydroquinone and oxalic acid have been detected as main intermediates, which are distributed depending on the experimental conditions and kind of electrodes: the relevant data have been modelled assuming an in-series reaction scheme and pseudo first order kinetics.

Published
2019

11. SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range

Author

F. Pietropaolo, Min-Xin Guan, S. Rescia, Federica Villa, F. Coccetti, A. Sheshukov, D. A. Semenov, Alberto Masoni, C. Savarese, F. Ameli, S. Bussino, Jocelyn Monroe, Paola Sala, Lelio Luzzi, R. Tartaglia, B. Hosseini, Chung-Yao Yang, I. Kochanek, Andrea Messina, S. Davini, A. V. Derbin, Paul H. Humble, V. Strickland, A. Franceschi, A. L. Hallin, P. Skensved, O. Smirnov, A. De Falco, C. Ripoli, E. Paoloni, B. Lehnert, E. Segreto, Laura A. Pellegrini, André Rubbia, Manuel Colocci, Aldo Ghisi, Marzio Nessi, V. Cocco, R. Graciani Diaz, Pietro Antonioli, M. G. Boulay, L. La Delfa, P. Cavalcante, V. Barbaryan, A.E. Bondar, W. Bonivento, C. Cantini, M. Lai, J. Mason, G. Fiorillo, Sara Sulis, L. P. Rignanese, T. N. Thorpe, Mariano Cadoni, T. Pollmann, E. V. Unzhakov, Q. Liqiang, Giovanni Covone, S. De Cecco, E. Scapparone, Andrea Gabrieli, Marino Simeone, C. Dionisi, N. Rossi, R. Stainforth, Mauro Marinelli, C. Regenfus, Gillian Kopp, Mauro Mariani, I. N. Machulin, G. De Guido, M. Lissia, Federico Perotti, S. S. Poudel, A. B. McDonald, G. Dellacasa, Carlo Muscas, M. Fernandez Diaz, Darren Price, George E. Froudakis, A. Oleinik, N. Canci, H. O. Back, G. De Rosa, O. Gorchakov, R. B. Vogelaar, G. K. Giovanetti, Simonetta Palmas, Marco Pallavicini, A. D. Martinez Rojas, W. Mu, V. Oleynikov, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, F. Di Eusanio, M. Grab, An. Ianni, Rudi Lussana, G. L. Usai, Luciano Pandola, M. D. Skorokhvatov, E. Borisova, Pascal Pralavorio, F. Pazzona, M. Gromov, A. Grobov, M. M. Wojcik, G. Dolganov, S. Manecki, A. K. Alton, E. Frolov, J. Wahl, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, I. Nikulin, Aldo Romani, Annalisa Vacca, E. Conde Vilda, O. Dadoun, V. N. Muratova, S. Cebrián, B. Bottino, M. L. Gligan, R. Milincic, J. A. Wilson, G. Zuzel, Thomas Alexander, M. D'Incecco, L. Romero, S. Murphy, C. L. Kendziora, A. Devoto, L. Di Noto, E. V. Hungerford, A. Asunskis, S. Westerdale, P. Agnes, Yanchu Wang, E. Sandford, B. Schlitzer, Stefania Moioli, C. Giganti, M. Downing, R. Santorelli, Rosario Nania, Alberto Tosi, Mario Patricio Padilla Martínez, A.V. Shchagin, A. Buzulutskov, M. Caravati, F. Raffaelli, P. Giampa, Davide Portaluppi, Fabrice Hubaut, C. J. Jillings, K. Pelczar, Cristiano Galbiati, L. Pagani, J. A. Nowak, A. Sotnikov, Y. Suvorov, M. Da Rocha Rolo, A. Ilyasov, Eric W. Hoppe, S. Abdelhakim, M. K. Daniel, J. Rode, L. Mapelli, F. Retiere, Han Wang, M. Garbini, D. De Gruttola, M. Haranczyk, R. Kugathasan, R. Bunker, Raffaele Ardito, V. Bocci, G. Di Pietro, Z. Ye, N. Funicello, A. S. Kubankin, D. Franco, A. Pocar, N. Levashko, W. Cheng, A. Mandarano, A. Caminata, V. Pesudo, F. Gabriele, Francesca Dordei, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, A. Vishneva, F. Cossio, G. Batignani, A. Steri, M. Orsini, D. Santone, M. Ave, P. Garcia Abia, B. Celano, T. Mroz, Stefano Cavuoti, Francesco Ragusa, R. K. Haaland, A. Gendotti, Mario Giorgi, Jay W. Grate, Marcelo Braga Bueno Guerra, M. La Commara, A. M. Szelc, D. Gascon Fora, A. Castellani, S. Chashin, G. U. Lodi, Silvia Arcelli, E. Pantic, A. Tonazzo, Marco Sant, R. J. Wheadon, Maria Giuseppina Bisogni, M. Rescigno, Anton Empl, D. Cavazza, A. Navrer Agasson, R. Cereseto, M. Razeti, R. Ajaj, Nicomede Pelliccia, Xiujiang Li, S. Wu, M. Guerzoni, S. J. M. Peeters, Pasquale Arpaia, V. Nosov, J. Anstey, Craig E. Aalseth, Andrey Sokolov, Paolo Musico, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Cariello, E. Sanchez Garcia, T. Viant, A. Candela, M. Kuss, K. Kondo, S. Siddhanta, F. Edalatfar, G. Korga, M. Tuveri, A. A. Machado, C. Ghiano, B. R. Hackett, Gilda Scioli, I. J. Arnquist, C. Pellegrino, Giuseppe Longo, A. L. Renshaw, Valerio Ippolito, A. Moggi, F. Carnesecchi, L. Consiglio, Angelo Rivetti, S. Viel, Pierfranco Demontis, Andrea Alici, B. Harrop, O. Samoylov, P. Di Stefano, G. Bonfini, Piero Salatino, Richard M. Williams, G. Sobrero, M. Cadeddu, K. J. Keeter, Marco Grassi, A. Barrado Olmedo, E. Picciau, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, S. Sanfilippo, Fausto Ortica, J. M. Cela Ruiz, C. Cicalò, T. Napolitano, P. N. Singh, Paolo Castello, S. Stracka, K. Fomenko, M. Zuffa, D. M. Asner, M. Lebois, B. Radics, L. Cifarelli, S. De Pasquale, Allen Seifert, Marisa Gulino, D. Marras, R. A. Giampaolo, J. Maricic, Michele Mascia, M. De Deo, M. Arba, S. Horikawa, I. D'Antone, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Filip, Mauro Citterio, Denis Korablev, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, T. Miletic, Paolo Crivelli, J. Walding, G. Testera, Giuseppe Baldovino Suffritti, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie de la Santé (IFRESIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IFR143, Aalseth, C. E., Abdelhakim, S., Agnes, P., Ajaj, R., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Ameli, F., Anstey, J., Antonioli, P., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Arpaia, P., Asner, D. M., Asunskis, A., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barbaryan, V., Barrado Olmedo, A., Batignani, G., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carnesecchi, F., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavazza, D., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Cela Ruiz, J. M., Celano, B., Cereseto, R., Chashin, S., Cheng, W., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Coccetti, F., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Conde Vilda, E., Consiglio, L., Cossio, F., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D’Antone, I., D’Incecco, M., Da Rocha Rolo, M. D., Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Demontis, P., De Pasquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Eusanio, F. Di, Di Noto, L., Di Pietro, G., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Edalatfar, F., Empl, A., Fernandez Diaz, M., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Froudakis, G. E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Garcia Abia, P., Gascón Fora, D., Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Ghisi, A., Giampa, P., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gorchakov, O., Grab, M., Graciani Diaz, R., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ilyasov, A., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Kopp, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., Lai, M., Lebois, M., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Liqiang, Q., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Longo, G., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Manecki, S., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marras, D., Martínez, M., Martinez Rojas, A. D., Mascia, M., Mason, J., Masoni, A., Mcdonald, A. B., Messina, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Navrer Agasson, A., Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Nosov, V., Nowak, J. A., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Pietropaolo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T. R., Portaluppi, D., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Regenfus, C., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Rode, J., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sala, P., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., Sánchez García, E., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Siddhanta, S., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stainforth, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Suffritti, G. B., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viant, T., Viel, S., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wahl, J., Walding, J. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, J., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wu, S., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zuffa, M., Zuzel, G., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Aalseth C.E., Abdelhakim S., Agnes P., Ajaj R., Albuquerque I.F.M., Alexander T., Alici A., Alton A.K., Amaudruz P., Ameli F., Anstey J., Antonioli P., Arba M., Arcelli S., Ardito R., Arnquist I.J., Arpaia P., Asner D.M., Asunskis A., Ave M., Back H.O., Barbaryan V., Barrado Olmedo A., Batignani G., Bisogni M.G., Bocci V., Bondar A., Bonfini G., Bonivento W., Borisova E., Bottino B., Boulay M.G., Bunker R., Bussino S., Buzulutskov A., Cadeddu M., Cadoni M., Caminata A., Canci N., Candela A., Cantini C., Caravati M., Cariello M., Carnesecchi F., Castellani A., Castello P., Cavalcante P., Cavazza D., Cavuoti S., Cebrian S., Cela Ruiz J.M., Celano B., Cereseto R., Chashin S., Cheng W., Chepurnov A., Cicalo C., Cifarelli L., Citterio M., Coccetti F., Cocco V., Colocci M., Conde Vilda E., Consiglio L., Cossio F., Covone G., Crivelli P., D'Antone I., D'Incecco M., Da Rocha Rolo M.D., Dadoun O., Daniel M., Davini S., De Cecco S., De Deo M., De Falco A., De Gruttola D., De Guido G., De Rosa G., Dellacasa G., Demontis P., De Pasquale S., Derbin A.V., Devoto A., Eusanio F.D., Di Noto L., Di Pietro G., Di Stefano P., Dionisi C., Dolganov G., Dordei F., Downing M., Edalatfar F., Empl A., Fernandez Diaz M., Filip C., Fiorillo G., Fomenko K., Franceschi A., Franco D., Frolov E., Froudakis G.E., Funicello N., Gabriele F., Gabrieli A., Galbiati C., Garbini M., Garcia Abia P., Gascon Fora D., Gendotti A., Ghiano C., Ghisi A., Giampa P., Giampaolo R.A., Giganti C., Giorgi M.A., Giovanetti G.K., Gligan M.L., Gorchakov O., Grab M., Graciani Diaz R., Grassi M., Grate J.W., Grobov A., Gromov M., Guan M., Guerra M.B.B., Guerzoni M., Gulino M., Haaland R.K., Hackett B.R., Hallin A., Haranczyk M., Harrop B., Hoppe E.W., Horikawa S., Hosseini B., Hubaut F., Humble P., Hungerford E.V., Ianni A., Ilyasov A., Ippolito V., Jillings C., Keeter K., Kendziora C.L., Kochanek I., Kondo K., Kopp G., Korablev D., Korga G., Kubankin A., Kugathasan R., Kuss M., La Commara M., La Delfa L., Lai M., Lebois M., Lehnert B., Levashko N., Li X., Liqiang Q., Lissia M., Lodi G.U., Longo G., Lussana R., Luzzi L., Machado A.A., Machulin I.N., Mandarano A., Manecki S., Mapelli L., Margotti A., Mari S.M., Mariani M., Maricic J., Marinelli M., Marras D., Martinez M., Martinez Rojas A.D., Mascia M., Mason J., Masoni A., McDonald A.B., Messina A., Miletic T., Milincic R., Moggi A., Moioli S., Monroe J., Morrocchi M., Mroz T., Mu W., Muratova V.N., Murphy S., Muscas C., Musico P., Nania R., Napolitano T., Navrer Agasson A., Nessi M., Nikulin I., Nosov V., Nowak J.A., Oleinik A., Oleynikov V., Orsini M., Ortica F., Pagani L., Pallavicini M., Palmas S., Pandola L., Pantic E., Paoloni E., Pazzona F., Peeters S., Pegoraro P.A., Pelczar K., Pellegrini L.A., Pellegrino C., Pelliccia N., Perotti F., Pesudo V., Picciau E., Pietropaolo F., Pocar A., Pollmann T.R., Portaluppi D., Poudel S.S., Pralavorio P., Price D., Radics B., Raffaelli F., Ragusa F., Razeti M., Regenfus C., Renshaw A.L., Rescia S., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Rignanese L.P., Ripoli C., Rivetti A., Rode J., Romani A., Romero L., Rossi N., Rubbia A., Sala P., Salatino P., Samoylov O., Sanchez Garcia E., Sandford E., Sanfilippo S., Sant M., Santone D., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schlitzer B., Scioli G., Segreto E., Seifert A., Semenov D.A., Shchagin A., Sheshukov A., Siddhanta S., Simeone M., Singh P.N., Skensved P., Skorokhvatov M.D., Smirnov O., Sobrero G., Sokolov A., Sotnikov A., Stainforth R., Steri A., Stracka S., Strickland V., Suffritti G.B., Sulis S., Suvorov Y., Szelc A.M., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thorpe T., Tonazzo A., Tosi A., Tuveri M., Unzhakov E.V., Usai G., Vacca A., Vazquez-Jauregui E., Viant T., Viel S., Villa F., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., Wahl J., Walding J.J., Wang H., Wang Y., Westerdale S., Wheadon R.J., Williams R., Wilson J., Wojcik M.M., Wojcik M., Wu S., Xiao X., Yang C., Ye Z., Zuffa M., and Zuzel G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), darkside, cmos, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, sipm, physics.ins-det, Physics, ESPALHAMENTO, Bremsstrahlung, neutrinos, Noble gas, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), argon, photoluminescence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Photomultiplier, SiPM readout two-phase argon detectors electroluminescence visible near infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:Astrophysics, physics, detector, cmos, dark matter, darkside, photoluminescence, sipm, radiation, neutrinos, argon, Electroluminescence, dark matter, Electron avalanche, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering (miscellaneous), Scintillation, Argon, detector, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, radiation, chemistry, lcsh:QC770-798, SiPM, dual-phase TPC, Darkside-20k, business, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches to record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. The "standard" EL mechanism is considered to be due to noble gas excimer emission in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In addition, there are two alternative mechanisms, producing light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges. The first is due to bremsstrahlung of electrons scattered on neutral atoms ("neutral bremsstrahlung", NBrS). The second, responsible for electron avalanche scintillation in the NIR at higher electric fields, is due to transitions between excited atomic states. In this work, we have for the first time demonstrated two alternative techniques of the optical readout of two-phase argon detectors, in the visible and NIR range, using a silicon photomultiplier matrix and electroluminescence due to either neutral bremsstrahlung or avalanche scintillation. The amplitude yield and position resolution were measured for these readout techniques, which allowed to assess the detection threshold for electron and nuclear recoils in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical application of the NBrS effect in detection science., Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables

Published
2021

12. Separating $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ from $${^{40}\hbox {Ar}}$$ by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches

Author

T. Napolitano, Stefano Cavuoti, A.E. Bondar, H. O. Back, G. De Rosa, Silvia Arcelli, A. Navrer Agasson, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Della Valle, Min-Xin Guan, M. Garbini, Francesca Dordei, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, M. Gromov, M. Carlini, A. M. Goretti, A. Vishneva, E. V. Hungerford, V. Pesudo, P. Garcia Abia, Paolo Castello, S. Torres-Lara, S. Stracka, S. Westerdale, Mario Giorgi, Lance S. Lidey, R. Stefanizzi, G. Fiorillo, T. Erjavec, M. La Commara, A. M. Szelc, O. Dadoun, T. Hugues, Han Wang, D. Dongiovanni, S. Copello, A. Barrado Olmedo, Manuel Colocci, Giovanni Paternoster, Federico Perotti, F. Pietropaolo, S. Rescia, M. Razeti, A. Oleinik, A. Santucci, Sara Sulis, L. P. Rignanese, C. Cicalo, A. Sheshukov, Filippo Resnati, A. Marasciulli, C. Savarese, G. Dolganov, Chung-Yao Yang, Andrea Messina, A. V. Derbin, M. Wada, S. Davini, Alessia Tricomi, F. Coccetti, Thomas Alexander, Angelo Rivetti, Eugenio Scapparone, A. L. Hallin, N. Maccioni, M. Rossi, E. V. Canesi, P. D. Meyers, T. Vallivilayil John, V. N. Muratova, V. Goicoechea Casanueva, E. Picciau, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, D. A. Semenov, P. Di Stefano, Mariano Cadoni, B. Celano, G. K. Giovanetti, Yanchu Wang, K. Kondo, A. Grobov, N. Canci, M. Kuźniak, L. Romero, Z. Balmforth, S. Tosti, S. Farenzena, L. Pagani, Marino Simeone, T. Miletic, D. Franco, A. Devoto, A. Mazzi, Carlo Muscas, V. Cocco, S. Chashin, G. De Guido, P. Kachru, M. Lissia, Gilda Scioli, Valerio Ippolito, V. Strickland, A. K. Alton, E. Frolov, G. Korga, A. L. Renshaw, S. Sanfilippo, M. Rescigno, G. De Filippis, A. Moggi, R. Graciani Diaz, Luisa Cifarelli, S. De Pasquale, A. de Candia, E. Pantic, D. Cintas, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Stringer, Alberto Masoni, S. Cebrián, Marzio Nessi, E. Sandford, B. Schlitzer, E. Sanchez Garcia, Stefania Moioli, S. Bussino, C. J. Jillings, Piero Salatino, M. M. Wojcik, R. Miola, S. Viel, A. D. Martinez Rojas, M. Fernandez Diaz, Darren Price, D. De Gruttola, M. D’Aniello, A. Murenu, C. James, S. De Cecco, Giuseppe Longo, L. Mapelli, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, E. Conde Vilda, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, Andrea Alici, C. Ripoli, E. Paoloni, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, A. Razeto, Pasquale Arpaia, T. N. Thorpe, C. Guo, M. Cadeddu, B. Shaw, A. Basco, G. M. Sabiu, M. P. Zykova, L. Williams, R. I. Avetisov, D. M. Poehlmann, Y. Suvorov, P. Barrillon, A. Kish, I. N. Machulin, R. B. Vogelaar, An. Ianni, A. Martini, A.V. Shchagin, S. Vescovi, A. Buzulutskov, M. Da Rocha Rolo, P. Czudak, T. Viant, Marisa Gulino, Saverio D'Auria, M. K. Daniel, F. Retiere, Marco Pallavicini, B. Bottino, V. A. Sangiorgio, G. Zuzel, Jose Busto, C. Pellegrino, Gigi Cappello, B. Smith, S. Morisi, Vittorio Cataudella, S. S. Poudel, R. A. Giampaolo, J. Maricic, L. Musenich, Simonetta Palmas, F. Lippi, Francesco Ragusa, N. Cargioli, Michele Mascia, A. Gendotti, M. Lai, M. Leyton, O. Smirnov, M. Tuveri, G. Y. Grigoriev, I. Nikulin, Xiujiang Li, T. Pinna, M. I. Martínez, M. Downing, Rosario Nania, M. Masetto, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Kuss, N. Funicello, C. Giganti, G. Batignani, M. Ave, A. Castellani, M. G. Boulay, G. Testera, J. A. Nowak, J. Z. Szucs-Balazs, M. Arba, E. V. Unzhakov, S. Horikawa, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Filip, Sebastiano Albergo, M. D. Skorokhvatov, S. Pordes, G. L. Usai, M. L. Gligan, L. La Delfa, F. Raffaelli, A. Moharana, R. Milincic, A. Pocar, A. Franceschi, A. A. Kemp, A. De Falco, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, M. Guetti, A. V. Khomyakov, A. S. Kubankin, R. Tartaglia, G. Buccino, P. Skensved, André Rubbia, T. Mroz, E. Borisova, Pascal Pralavorio, Giovanni Covone, K. Pelczar, Cristiano Galbiati, G. Dellacasa, Giorgio Keppel, S. Langrock, C. L. Kendziora, S. Hill, M. Caravati, F. Carnesecchi, Fabrice Hubaut, R. Kugathasan, Luciano Pandola, A. Caminata, M. Rucaj, R. J. Wheadon, O. Azzolini, F. Gabriele, A. Tonazzo, C. Dionisi, P. Podda, I. Kochanek, J. Rode, M. Guerzoni, Laura A. Pellegrini, Paolo Musico, W. Bonivento, I. Ch. Avetissov, Mauro Marinelli, E. N. Mozhevitina, Andrey Sokolov, B. R. Hackett, A. B. McDonald, F. Zenobio, C. Ghiano, V. Oleynikov, F. Di Eusanio, L. Consiglio, O. Samoylov, P. Cavalcante, L. Di Noto, D. Santone, P. Agnes, S. Falciano, A. Ramirez, M. Haranczyk, S. Catalanotti, Andrea Zani, Antonino Zichichi, V. Santacroce, J. M. Cela Ruiz, D. La Grasta, V. Barbarian, N. Lami, Alberto Gola, and A. Steri

Subjects
Physics, Air separation, Argon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Natural abundance, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Fractionating column, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Aria is a plant hosting a$${350}\,\hbox {m}$$350mcryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is being installed in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. It was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Arin argon extracted from underground sources, called Underground Argon (UAr), which is used for dark-matter searches. Indeed,$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Aris a$$\beta $$β-emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors. In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of the isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant.

Published
2021

13. Comprehensive characterization of a cost-effective microbial fuel cell with Pt-free catalyst cathode and slip-casted ceramic membrane

Author

Jonas Gurauskis, Roberto Campana, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Laura Mais, Lorenza Piroddi, Jesús Rodríguez, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, and European Commission

Subjects
Microbial fuel cell, Materials science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Separator (oil production), chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Slip (ceramics), Catalysis, law.invention, law, Power density, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, Fuel Technology, Ceramic membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract

This work reports a new procedure for low-cost Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) manufacture, based on the optimization of the most expensive MFC components: separator and cathode. For the first time, tubular MFC clay separators were fabricated by slip-casting, which allowed to reach the lowest thickness reported to date (1.55 mm), with a minimum cost (0.43 €·m−2). On the other hand, a novel cathode was fabricated by using commercial CuO based catalyst and Carbon Mesh (CM). The new cathode showed a power density of 110 mW m−2, more than 40% higher than other Cu based cathodes for Ceramic-MFCs (C-MFCs) studied in the literature. The proposed cell was operated for more than 6 months, with a power reduction of 29.4%, contrasting with Pt-cathodes (deactivation of almost 50% during the first month). A deep economic analysis showed a cost of 0.51 €/cell when energetic optimization and a semi-industrial production were considered, one of the lowest for C-MFCs ever reported., This study was financially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU, Spain), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM, Spain) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Published
2021

14. Mechanistic insights into 2,4-D photoelectrocatalytic removal from water with TiO

Author

Annalisa, Vacca, Laura, Mais, Michele, Mascia, Elisabetta Maria, Usai, Jesus, Rodriguez, and Simonetta, Palmas

Abstract

Removal of recalcitrant pollutants from water is a major challenge, to which the photoelectrocatalytic processes may be a solution. Applied potential plays a key role in the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor. This paper investigated the effect of applied potential on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with TiO

Published
2020

15. New electrochemical processes for the environmental sustainability

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Ignasi Sirés, and Cristina Sáez

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Environmental protection, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Sustainability, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution
Published
2020

16. Design of Experiment for the Optimization of Pesticide Removal from Wastewater by Photo-Electrochemical Oxidation with TiO2 Nanotubes

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Elisabetta Maria Usai, Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
advanced oxidation process, Materials science, Advanced oxidation process, Factorial experiment, Electrochemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, Catalysis, Volumetric flow rate, diuron, lcsh:Chemistry, design of experiments, photo-electrochemical degradation, TiO2 nanotubes, Wastewater, Chemical engineering, lcsh:QD1-999, Electrode, lcsh:TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Current density, Electrode potential
Abstract

The Design of Experiment (DoE) technique has been used to investigate the photo-electrochemical removal of diuron (DRN) from wastewater. The process is carried out in a photo-electrochemical flow reactor, in which titania nanotubular electrode is irradiated with a simulated solar light. Different operative conditions have been investigated, in a planned 23 full factorial design in which imposed current density, flow rate and initial concentration have been varied at two levels. The removal process of DRN was investigated in terms of specific removal rate (K) and cell voltage (E), which were assumed as objective functions: the results show that the applied current has a paramount effect on both of the objective functions. From the analyses of the intermediates, it appears that the investigated parameters may exert different effects on the distribution of the reaction products: the initial concentration of diuron and the electrode potential seem to play a more important role, in this case.

Published
2020

17. Highly efficient visible light phenyl modified carbon nitride/TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental applications

Author

Francesco Secci, Simonetta Palmas, Ignazio Roppolo, Micaela Castellino, Laura Mais, Svetlana Neretina, Stefania Porcu, Robert A. Hughes, Carlo Maria Carbonaro, Pier Carlo Ricci, and Maria Francesca Casula

Subjects
Anatase, Materials science, Carbon nitride, Organic-inorganic hybrid materials, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Photocatalyst, Rhodamine B, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Titanium dioxide, Photocatalysis, 0210 nano-technology, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Eco-sustainable solutions for the neutralization of air and water pollutants have increasingly gravitated toward the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts. This approach, which transforms pollutants into harmless substances through a light-driven chemical reaction on a catalytic surface, must comply with eco-sustainability requirements and be easily applicable. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is a promising pathway for the degradation of environmental pollutants and, among all the various semiconductors used, titanium dioxide has proved itself to be the foremost material for environmental remediation due to its highly desirable photocatalytic properties. Titanium dioxide, however, poorly exploits the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the relatively large band-gap of its anatase phase, and as such, the UV portion of the solar spectrum is largely responsible for its photocatalytic activity. Herein, we demonstrate a highly efficient visible light hybrid catalyst based on titanium dioxide and phenyl carbon nitride (PhCN). With the organic component providing a broad absorption up to 600 nm and fast charge exchange to the conduction band of TiO2, the combination allows for the highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible excitation.

Published
2020

19. Trend in using TiO2 nanotubes as photoelectrodes in PEC processes for wastewater treatment

Author

Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Bibliometric analysis, Materials science, business.industry, Semiconductor materials, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Preliminary analysis, Renewable energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Minimum bias, chemistry, Titanium dioxide, Electrochemistry, Sewage treatment, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) processes represent an effective way to exploit renewable energy in response to the sustainable development objectives. The synergy between photo and electrochemical processes inspired several papers and stimulated research toward new systems that could be increasingly adapted to work under visible or solar radiation, and with minimum bias potential. Since the first appearance of articles on PEC processes in the literature, titanium dioxide has been one of the most studied semiconductor materials: nanostructured electrodes have been especially considered such as nanotubes (NT), which are the main subject of the present article. The software VOSviewer is used to a preliminary analysis of metadata, related to the trend of the research on PEC processes; attention is then paid on the trend of NT-TiO2 electrodes for application in wastewater treatment in the past year.

Published
2021

20. Bibliometric Analysis on the Papers Dedicated to Microplastics in Wastewater Treatments

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Laura Mais, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Microplastics, microplastics, Bibliometric analysis, Computer science, Chemical technology, advanced oxidation processes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, TP1-1185, 02 engineering and technology, Scientific literature, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Data science, Catalysis, 020801 environmental engineering, wastewater treatment, Chemistry, bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer software, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment is becoming a problem for soils and seas, as well as for the food chain of animals and humans. The scientific community has been called upon to contribute to solving the problem and several papers have been published, especially in the last decade. The aim of this work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature dedicated to the problem of MPs, highlighting its course over the years, and to identify the sectors to which the research could be profitably addressed. The VOSviewer software has been used to perform the analysis of the data in which specific maps were used to represent the network of the relationships among countries, journals, organizations, authors, and keywords related to the investigated topic and subtopics. The results of the survey demonstrated that during the investigated range of time, most attention has been paid to the individuation of the MPs, and to marine pollution, while a gap seems to exist in the possible advanced oxidation processes specifically addressing the degradation of MPs and their derivates.

Published
2021

21. Mechanistic insights into 2,4-D photoelectrocatalytic removal from water with TiO2 nanotubes under dark and solar light irradiation

Author

Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca, Simonetta Palmas, Elisabetta Maria Usai, Laura Mais, and Jesús Rodríguez

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Aqueous solution, Formic acid, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Schottky barrier, Radical, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrode, Photocatalysis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Ohmic contact, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Removal of recalcitrant pollutants from water is a major challenge, to which the photoelectrocatalytic processes may be a solution. Applied potential plays a key role in the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor. This paper investigated the effect of applied potential on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with TiO2 nanotubular anodes under solar light irradiation. The process was investigated at constant potentials in different regions of the polarization curve: the ohmic region, the saturation region and in the region of the Schottky barrier breakdown. PEC tests were performed in aqueous solutions of 2,4-D, and in the presence of methanol or formic acid, as scavengers of OH• radicals and holes. Results showed the main mechanism is oxidation by OH• radicals from water oxidation, while runs with hole scavenger revealed a second mechanism of direct oxidation by holes photogenerated at the electrode surface, with high removal rates due to current doubling effect.

Published
2021

22. Preparation and optimization of TiO2 photoanodes fabricated by pulsed laser deposition for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Carlo Spartaco Casari, Andrea Bassi, Roberto Matarrese, Isabella Nova, and Valeria Russo

Subjects
Photocurrent, Anatase, Materials science, Nanoporous, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Nanocrystalline material, 0104 chemical sciences, Pulsed laser deposition, Dielectric spectroscopy, symbols.namesake, Chemical engineering, Electrochemistry, symbols, Water splitting, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Quasi-1D TiO2 nanostructures prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are tested as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting application and compared with TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation. PLD TiO2 films with controlled structure and morphology ranging from compact to vertically oriented or hierarchical porous nanostructures are deposited by ablating a TiO2 target with nanosecond UV laser pulses in the presence of an O2 background atmosphere at different pressures. Thermal treatments at different temperatures are used to transform the so-obtained amorphous systems into nanocrystalline structures (mainly anatase). The effect of film density and thickness is also considered by depositing different amounts of material per unit surface. The morphology and the phase composition of the samples are characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy, while the photoelectrochemical water splitting performances are investigated by monitoring the photocurrent generated under illumination in a three-electrode cell. Voltammetric scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis were also used to correlate the morphology of PLD samples with their electrochemical properties and their working mechanism in the absence and presence of a light radiation. A clear correlation between structural/morphological properties and photoelectrochemical behavior is found and ideal values of the synthesis parameters are identified, which allow the identification of the optimal quasi-1D nanoporous morphology for water splitting applications. The use of sacrificial organic reagents as hole scavengers was also considered to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples.

Published
2017

23. Electrochemical treatment of water containing Microcystis aeruginosa in a fixed bed reactor with three-dimensional conductive diamond anodes

Author

Sara Monasterio, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Microcystis, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Concentration ratio, Water Purification, law.invention, law, Environmental Chemistry, Water Pollutants, Electrodes, Waste Management and Disposal, Electrolysis, Plug flow, Chemistry, Chlorophyll A, Electrochemical Techniques, Models, Theoretical, Oxidants, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, Anode, Volumetric flow rate, Disinfection, Environmental chemistry, Chlorine, Diamond, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract

An electrochemical treatment was investigated to remove Microcystis aeruginosa from water. A fixed bed reactor in flow was tested, which was equipped with electrodes constituted by stacks of grids electrically connected in parallel, with the electric field parallel to the fluid flow. Conductive diamond were used as anodes, platinised Ti as cathode. Electrolyses were performed in continuous and in batch recirculated mode with flow rates corresponding to Re from 10 to 160, current densities in the range 10-60Am(-2) and Cl(-) concentrations up to 600gm(-3). The absorbance of chlorophyll-a pigment and the concentration of products and by-products of electrolysis were measured. In continuous experiments without algae in the inlet stream, total oxidants concentrations as equivalent Cl2, of about 0.7gCl2m(-3) were measured; the maximum values were obtained at Re=10 and i=25Am(-2), with values strongly dependent on the concentration of Cl(-). The highest algae inactivation was obtained under the operative conditions of maximum generation of oxidants; in the presence of microalgae the oxidants concentrations were generally below the detection limit. Results indicated that most of the bulk oxidants electrogenerated is constituted by active chlorine. The prevailing mechanism of M. aeruginosa inactivation is the disinfection by bulk oxidants. The experimental data were quantitatively interpreted through a simple plug flow model, in which the axial dispersion accounts for the non-ideal flow behaviour of the system; the model was successfully used to simulate the performances of the reactor in the single-stack configuration used for the experiments and in multi-stack configurations.

Published
2016

24. Experimental study on the optimisation of azo-dyes removal by photo-electrochemical oxidation with TiO

Author

Laura, Mais, Annalisa, Vacca, Michele, Mascia, Elisabetta Maria, Usai, Stefania, Tronci, and Simonetta, Palmas

Subjects
Titanium, Nanotubes, Color, Wastewater, Coloring Agents, Azo Compounds, Electrodes, Oxidation-Reduction, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

An experimental investigation is here presented on the photo-electrochemical removal of Methyl Orange (MO), selected as a model of the organic dyes, contained in wastewaters. The process is carried out in an electrochemical flow reactor, in which titania nanotubular electrode is irradiated with a simulated solar light. Design of Experiments (DOE) technique is used to plan the experimental campaign and investigate on the single and combined effects of applied current, electrolyte flow rate, and initial MO concentration, on the specific reaction rate. The results of the DOE analysis, also combined with the study of the distribution of the intermediate products, confirm a reaction mechanism mediated by OH radicals; high applied current and low reactant concentration resulted as favourable conditions to achieve high specific reaction rate of color removal.

Published
2019

25. Simple and Precise Approach for Determination of Ohmic Contribution of Diaphragms in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Author

Margarita Sánchez-Molina, Ernesto Amores, Jesús Rodríguez, Laura Mais, Simonetta Palmas, and Roberto Campana

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, law, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), lcsh:TP1-1185, lcsh:Chemical engineering, Ohmic contact, Separator (electricity), Process Chemistry and Technology, Direct current, Alkaline water electrolysis, lcsh:TP155-156, ohmic contribution, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, diaphragm, ionic conductivity, alkaline water electrolysis, 0210 nano-technology, Alternating current
Abstract

A simple and low-cost alternating current (AC)-based method, without electrolyte correction, is proposed (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-Zero Gap Cell) for the determination of ohmic contribution of diaphragms. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was evaluated by using a commercial Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE) diaphragm (Zirfon&reg, ). Furthermore, the results were compared with two conventional electrochemical methodologies for calculating the separator resistance, based on direct current (DC), and AC measurements, respectively. Compared with the previous techniques, the proposed approach reported more accurate and precise values of resistance for new and aged samples. Compared with the manufacturer reference, the obtained error values for new samples were 0.33%, 5.64%, and 41.7%, respectively for EIS-Zero gap cell, AC and DC methods, confirming the validity and convenience of the proposed technique.

Published
2019

26. Porous Ni Photocathodes Obtained by Selective Corrosion of Ni-Cu Films: Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Characterization

Author

Maria Francesca Casula, Laura Mais, Jesús Rodríguez, Elisa Sechi, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
selective corrosion, Materials science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Corrosion, porous nickel, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface roughness, lcsh:TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Polarization (electrochemistry), Tafel equation, Non-blocking I/O, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, hydrogen evolution reaction, chemistry, Chemical engineering, lcsh:QD1-999, photoelectrocatalysis, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In this work, a dealloying technique is proposed as a synthesis method to obtain highly porous Nickel electrodes starting from Ni-Cu co-deposit: pulsed corrosion is applied adopting different corrosion and relaxation times. Different morphologies, pore size distribution and residual copper amount were obtained depending on the corrosion conditions. For the developed electrodes, the surface roughness factor, Rf, was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on these electrodes was evaluated by means of steady-state polarization curves, and the related parameters were derived by Tafel analysis. Finally, a thin layer of NiO on the porous structures was obtained to exploit the semiconductor characteristic of the oxide, so that an extra-photopotential was obtained by the simulated solar light action. Results demonstrate greater apparent activity of the developed electrodes towards HER in comparison with commercial smooth Ni electrode, which can be mainly attributed to the large Rf obtained with the proposed technique.

Published
2019

27. Special Issue: New Trends in Photo (Electro)catalysis: From Wastewater Treatment to Energy Production

Author

Simonetta Palmas

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, n/a, Production (economics), Environmental science, Sewage treatment, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Process engineering, business, QD1-999
Abstract

This Special Issue aimed at focusing on photo- and photo-electrocatalytic processes specifically devoted to present both new catalytic materials and possible applications in environmental and energetic fields [...]

Published
2021

28. TiO2–WO3 nanostructured systems for photoelectrochemical applications

Author

Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Pier Carlo Ricci, Laura Mais, Simonetta Palmas, and Pablo Ampudia Castresana

Subjects
Materials science, Supporting electrolyte, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Cathodic protection, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Titanium dioxide, Electrode, Irradiation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

TiO2/WO3 mixed metal oxide is used in the present work as an anode for the photoelectrosplitting of water. TiO2 is used as the support under-layer in the form of either a compact or nanotubular structure. The over-layer of WO3 is obtained via cathodic electrodeposition, by means of pulse potential technique (PPT). The performances of the samples in neutral supporting electrolyte are compared when the samples are irradiated with light at two wavelengths, 365 nm and 400 nm. The effect of the WO3 loading on the performance is also investigated, as well as the charge transfer mechanism. The results from runs carried out in solutions containing glycerol are used to study the possible role of the WO3 over-layer in the whole working mechanism of the combined structure.

Published
2016

29. Modelling of photo-electrocatalytic behaviour of TiO2 nanotubes under solar light irradiation

Author

Laura Mais, Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Light intensity, Adsorption, Chemical engineering, Phase (matter), Environmental Chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), Charge carrier, Electric potential, Physics::Chemical Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Microscale chemistry
Abstract

A mathematical model of the photo-electrochemical processes occurring during irradiation with solar light has been implemented, to evaluate the optimal geometry of TiO2 nanotubular structures for the different applications. The model accounts for generation and recombination of charge carriers, as well as for transport phenomena in solid phase. Electrochemical reactions at the surface and chemical processes in liquid phase are also modelled. The solar irradiation has been discretised in the UV and visible range, and adsorption coefficients as a function of the wavelength have been used. The model has been solved for oxidation of water, as well as for oxidation of organic compounds with different reactivity. The effect of such variables as light intensity, electric potential and reactivity of the organic compounds on space distribution of charge carriers in solid phase, oxygenated radicals and organic compounds in liquid phase, have been determined. The model provides a versatile tool to assess the performances of nanotubular electrodes at microscale and makes possible the optimal design of the nanostructure.

Published
2020

30. Contributors

Author

Jonathan Albo, Manuel Alvarez-Guerra, Sidney Aquino Neto, Patricia Balderas-Hernández, Carlos E. Barrera-Díaz, Katlin I. Barrios Eguiluz, Bryan Bilyeu, Enric Brillas, Brian P. Chaplin, Simona Corgiolu, Adalgisa R. De Andrade, Achille De Battisti, Marilia M. de Salles Pupo, Antonio Dominguez-Ramos, Elisama V. dos Santos, Carolina Espinoza-Cisternas, Eduardo Expósito, Ana S. Fajardo, Francisco Gallud, Vicente García-García, Karine Groenen Serrano, Raquel Ibañez, Jesús Iniesta, Angel Irabien, Cristina Locatelli, Florencio Lugo, Laura Mais, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Michele Mascia, Yunny Meas, Alejandro Medel, Alessandro Minguzzi, Vicente Montiel, Inmaculada Ortiz, Nihal Oturan, Mehmet A. Oturan, Martin A. Pacheco-Álvarez, Simonetta Palmas, Marco Panizza, Juan M. Peralta-Hernández, Elisabetta Petrucci, Valéria Reginatto, María J. Rivero, Manuel Andrés Rodrigo, Oscar Rodríguez-Narváez, Sandra Rondinini, Cristina Sáez, Ricardo Salazar, Giancarlo R. Salazar Banda, Géssica de O. Santiago Santos, Onofrio Scialdone, Ignasi Sirés, Ane M. Urtiaga, Annalisa Vacca, David Valero, Vanessa M. Vasconcelos, Alberto Vertova, and Shraddha Vijay

Published
2018

31. DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS

Author

Craig E. Aalseth, P. F. Loverre, T. Viant, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, A. Vishneva, R. Perruzza, E. Segreto, P. Garcia Abia, T. N. Johnson, Manuel Colocci, Lelio Luzzi, R. Tartaglia, M. Bossa, S. Murphy, I. N. Machulin, M. Razeti, V. Pavletcov, M. Kuźniak, H. O. Back, N. Canci, P. D. Meyers, A.V. Shchagin, R. Cereseto, P. Skensved, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Buzulutskov, Davide Portaluppi, Giovanni Covone, G. Dellacasa, Vittorio Cataudella, P. Giampa, B. Rossi, D. Korablev, V. Pesudo, André Rubbia, Marco Pallavicini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, K. Fomenko, G. Fiorillo, G. Testera, K. Pelczar, A. Dolgov, F. Retiere, L. Shekhtman, George E. Froudakis, Mariano Cadoni, A. Moggi, L. Romero, M. La Commara, Aldo Ghisi, P. Cavalcante, S. Corgiolu, A. Oleinik, E. V. Hungerford, Cristiano Galbiati, Piero Salatino, D. D'Urso, M. Wada, Rosario Nania, M. Rescigno, Yuting Wang, T. Pollmann, Alan Watson, N. Rossi, C. J. Jillings, F. Gabriele, A. Empl, M. G. Boulay, S. Sanfilippo, A. Mandarano, S. J. M. Peeters, L. Pagani, M. D'Incecco, Alessandro Ferri, S. Westerdale, K. Keeter, R. Bunker, Claudio Piemonte, Andrea Alici, Federica Villa, D. Sablone, G. Di Pietro, Gilda Scioli, Allen Seifert, Marisa Gulino, P. Trinchese, G. Bonfini, S. Catalanotti, F. Granato, D. A. Semenov, M. Carlini, Luciano Pandola, A. Sotnikov, Min-Xin Guan, Alberto Tosi, H. Qian, M. D. Skorokhvatov, S. Bettarini, A. de Candia, An. Ianni, A. Sheshukov, W. Bonivento, V. Regazzoni, E. Pantic, F. Speziale, M. Mayer, Annalisa Vacca, X. Xiang, P. N. Singh, M. Gromov, S. Wu, A. G. Cocco, V. N. Muratova, B. Bottino, Andrea Gabrieli, Mario Giorgi, E. Sanchez Garcia, Jay W. Grate, Y. Suvorov, R. Milincic, G. Batignani, E. Bertoldo, M. Orsini, B. Radics, Giuseppe Longo, C. L. Kendziora, S. Bussino, M. Ave, V. Bocci, B. Reinhold, S. Dussoni, Eugenio Scapparone, A. L. Hallin, Richard M. Williams, S. Horikawa, B. Hosseini, S. Kim, D. Hughes, I. D'Antone, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Giganti, I. J. Arnquist, Antonino Zichichi, A. Castellani, M. Fernandez Diaz, A. L. Renshaw, C. Filip, Silvia Arcelli, Fabio Acerbi, D. M. Asner, Monica Verducci, Marco Sant, Giovanni Paternoster, C. Dionisi, M. Da Rocha Rolo, S. Davini, C. J. Martoff, M. Marcante, M. Cadeddu, Paul H. Humble, E. Paoloni, Z. Ye, C. Cicalo, W. Mu, Laura A. Pellegrini, F. Pazzona, A. S. Kubankin, C. Savarese, G. Sobrero, Stefano Giagu, M. Caravati, A. A. Machado, Chung-Yao Yang, N. N. Nurakhov, G. Koh, Paolo Crivelli, M. Carpinelli, S. De Cecco, Fausto Ortica, G. De Rosa, I. Dormia, Federico Perotti, A. Yllera de Llano, Franco Zappa, J. Wahl, M. Guerzoni, Andrea Messina, Pietro Antonioli, Rudi Lussana, C. Cantini, Pierfranco Demontis, B. Vogelaar, O. Gorchakov, Angelo Rivetti, Simonetta Palmas, Hui Wang, Ben Loer, A. Devoto, J. Walding, Paolo Musico, Alberto Gola, G. Gibertoni, Thomas Alexander, I. Nikulin, D. A. Pugachev, R. Stainforth, A. Monte, A. V. Derbin, Andrey Sokolov, G. Zuzel, J. Maricic, A. B. McDonald, A. Zullo, L. Cifarelli, R. Santorelli, Giuseppe Baldovino Suffritti, Yanhui Ma, B. Schlitzer, Marino Simeone, Stefania Moioli, D. Franco, Michele Mascia, Mario Mariani, Raffaele Ardito, M. K. Daniel, C. Stanford, Mauro Citterio, A.E. Bondar, Caoxiang Zhu, O. Samoylov, Francesco Ragusa, R. K. Haaland, A. Gendotti, M. De Deo, G. Y. Grigoriev, A. Caminata, A. K. Alton, G. U. Lodi, G. Korga, Q. Riffard, M. Zullo, Xiujiang Li, Marco Grassi, M. Della Valle, C. Regenfus, Eric W. Hoppe, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Mapelli, Stefano Maria Mari, A. Tonazzo, A. Barrado Olmedo, V. Oleynikov, F. Di Eusanio, Maria Giuseppina Bisogni, B. J. Mount, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Kuss, E. Shemyakina, A. Candela, Aldo Romani, P. Agnes, G. K. Giovanetti, B. Lehnert, A. Razeto, Stefano Cavuoti, A. Navrer Agasson, V. Nosov, M. Cariello, N. Pelliccia, Simone Rizzardini, G. De Guido, M. Lissia, G. De Filippis, Marcin Wójcik, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, Marcelo Braga Bueno Guerra, W. Sands, M. L. Gligan, A. O. Nozdrina, F. Raffaelli, G. Zappalà, A. Pocar, O. Smirnov, E. V. Unzhakov, B. Harrop, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), LVMH Recherche, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management Politecnico di Bari, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pavia, Laboratorio de Instrumentaçao, Engenharia Biomédica e Fisica da Radiaçao (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Fìsica [Lisboa] (DF), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Végétales - UMR6134, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Migration et différenciation des cellules souches hématopoiétiques = Migration and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (LBD-E06), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microsystems Engineering [Freiburg] (IMTEK), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Pondicherry Univrsity, Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, inconnu, Inconnu, Key Lab of Computer System and Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing] (ICT), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Macquarie University, Laboratoire Géophysique et évaluation non destructive (IFSTTAR/GERS/GeoEND), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Aalseth, C. E., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Antonioli, P., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barrado Olmedo, A. I., Batignani, G., Bertoldo, E., Bettarini, S., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cereseto, R., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Cocco, A. G., Colocci, M., Corgiolu, S., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D’Antone, I., D’Incecco, M., D’Urso, D., Da Rocha Rolo, M. D., Daniel, M., Davini, S., de Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Filippis, G., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Della Valle, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dormia, I., Dussoni, S., Empl, A., Fernandez Diaz, M., Ferri, A., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garcia Abia, P., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Giampa, P., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grigoriev, G. Y., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hallin, A., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hughes, D., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Jillings, C., Johnson, T. N., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kim, S., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Loer, B., Longo, G., Loverre, P., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Mayer, M., Mcdonald, A. B., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Monte, A., Morrocchi, M., Mount, B. J., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Nania, R., Navrer Agasson, A., Nikulin, I., Nosov, V., Nozdrina, A. O., Nurakhov, N. N., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pavletcov, V., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Pesudo, V., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T., Portaluppi, D., Pugachev, D. A., Qian, H., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retière, F., Riffard, Q., Rivetti, A., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sablone, D., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., Sánchez García, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Speziale, F., Stainforth, R., Stanford, C., Suffritti, G. B., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Wahl, J., Walding, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Williams, R., Wojcik, M. M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Yllera de Llano, A., Zappa, F., Zappalà, G., Zhu, C., Zichichi, A., Zullo, M., Zullo, A., Zuzel, G., National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Corse, CNRS UMR6134 SPE, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Végétales, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Rhodes University, Aalseth, C, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alici, A, Alton, A, Antonioli, P, Arcelli, S, Ardito, R, Arnquist, I, Asner, D, Ave, M, Back, H, Barrado Olmedo, A, Batignani, G, Bertoldo, E, Bettarini, S, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Bossa, M, Bottino, B, Boulay, M, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Caminata, A, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Catalanotti, S, Cataudella, V, Cavalcante, P, Cavuoti, S, Cereseto, R, Chepurnov, A, Cicalo', C, Cifarelli, L, Citterio, M, Cocco, A, Colocci, M, Corgiolu, S, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D’Antone, I, D’Incecco, M, D’Urso, D, Da Rocha Rolo, M, Daniel, M, Davini, S, de Candia, A, De Cecco, S, De Deo, M, De Filippis, G, De Guido, G, De Rosa, G, Dellacasa, G, Della Valle, M, Demontis, P, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Pietro, G, Dionisi, C, Dolgov, A, Dormia, I, Dussoni, S, Empl, A, Fernandez Diaz, M, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gendotti, A, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Giampa, P, Gibertoni, G, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovanetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Gorchakov, O, Goretti, A, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Grigoriev, G, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guerra, M, Guerzoni, M, Gulino, M, Haaland, R, Hallin, A, Harrop, B, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hosseini, B, Hughes, D, Humble, P, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Jillings, C, Johnson, T, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kim, S, Koh, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, Kúzniak, M, La Commara, M, Lehnert, B, Li, X, Lissia, M, Lodi, G, Loer, B, Longo, G, Loverre, P, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Ma, Y, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Margotti, A, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Mayer, M, Mcdonald, A, Messina, A, Meyers, P, Milincic, R, Moggi, A, Moioli, S, Monroe, J, Monte, A, Morrocchi, M, Mount, B, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Musico, P, Nania, R, Navrer Agasson, A, Nikulin, I, Nosov, V, Nozdrina, A, Nurakhov, N, Oleinik, A, Oleynikov, V, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pandola, L, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Paternoster, G, Pavletcov, V, Pazzona, F, Peeters, S, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pelliccia, N, Perotti, F, Perruzza, R, Pesudo, V, Piemonte, C, Pilo, F, Pocar, A, Pollmann, T, Portaluppi, D, Pugachev, D, Qian, H, Radics, B, Raffaelli, F, Ragusa, F, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Reinhold, B, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Retière, F, Riffard, Q, Rivetti, A, Rizzardini, S, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, B, Rossi, N, Rubbia, A, Sablone, D, Salatino, P, Samoylov, O, Sánchez García, E, Sands, W, Sanfilippo, S, Sant, M, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schlitzer, B, Scioli, G, Segreto, E, Seifert, A, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Shekhtman, L, Shemyakina, E, Sheshukov, A, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skensved, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sobrero, G, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Speziale, F, Stainforth, R, Stanford, C, Suffritti, G, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Trinchese, P, Unzhakov, E, Vacca, A, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, B, Wada, M, Wahl, J, Walding, J, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Westerdale, S, Williams, R, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiang, X, Xiao, X, Yang, C, Ye, Z, Yllera de Llano, A, Zappa, F, Zappalà, G, Zhu, C, Zichichi, A, Zullo, M, Zullo, A, Zuzel, G, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Kúzniak, M., Trinchese, Pasquale, Aalseth, C.E., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Alton, A.K., Arnquist, I.J., Asner, D.M., Back, H.O., Barrado Olmedo, A.I., Bisogni, M.G., Cocco, A.G., Da Rocha Rolo, M.D., Froudakis, G.E., Giorgi, M.A., Giovanetti, G.K., Gligan, M.L., Goretti, A.M., Grate, J.W., Grigoriev, G.Y., Guerra, M.B.B., Haaland, R.K., Hoppe, E.W., Hungerford, E.V., Johnson, T.N., Kendziora, C.L., Lodi, G.U., Machado, A.A., Machulin, I.N., Mari, S.M., Martoff, C.J., McDonald, A.B., Meyers, P.D., Mount, B.J., Muratova, V.N., Nozdrina, A.O., Nurakhov, N.N., Pellegrini, L.A., Pugachev, D.A., Renshaw, A.L., Semenov, D.A., Singh, P.N., Skorokhvatov, M.D., Suffritti, G.B., Unzhakov, E.V., Watson, A.W., Wojcik, M.M., Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - Equipes du Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), and Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)

Subjects
Particle physics, VAPOR-PRESSURE, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, SCINTILLATION EFFICIENCY, 01 natural sciences, PROPERTIES, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Silicon photomultiplier, WIMP, LIQUID-ARGON, RADIOACTIVITY, DESIGN, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, ISOTOPIC LIQUIDS, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), MODEL, THERMODYNAMIC, IONIZATION, Dark Matter – WIMP – Nobel Liquid Detector – Low-background Detectors – Liquid Scintillator – SiPM – Silicon Photomultiplier – Underground Argon – Low-radioactivity Argon, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 t (20 t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant 39Ar background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of $>3 \times 10^{9}$ is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than $< 0.1$ events (other than $\nu$ -induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of $1.2 \times 10^{-47}$ cm2 ( $1.1 \times 10^{-46}$ cm2) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 (10 TeV/c2) mass, to be achieved during a 5 yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background.

Published
2018

32. Practical Aspects on Electrochemical Disinfection of Urban and Domestic Wastewater

Author

Annalisa Vacca, Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, Elisabetta Petrucci, and S. Corgiolu

Subjects
Pollutant, Electrode material, Wastewater, Waste management, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

Electrochemical techniques are suitable for disinfection and purification of civil and domestic wastewaters. The tertiary treatment processes such as advanced oxidation processes and disinfection have been presented at active and nonactive electrode materials. Problems connected to mass transfer limitation in the reactor and possible formation of by-products are discussed. The main issues related to the modeling of the fluid dynamics of the reactor and the kinetics of the reactions involved are examined in order to describe the whole process of pollutant removal and bacteria inactivation during electrochemical disinfection of diluted solutions.

Published
2018

35. Electrodeposition of Zirconium from 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium-Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: Electrochemical Behavior and Reduction Pathway

Author

Laura Mais, Francesco Delogu, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, and Alessandra Pinna

Subjects
Zirconium, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, Ionic liquid, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Imide, Platinum, Voltammetry
Abstract

A study on the electrochemical deposition of Zr on platinum, gold, and boron doped diamond (BDD) from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifuoromethylsulphonyl) imide is presented in this work. The electrochemical behavior of zirconium ions was investigated by cyclic voltammetries and chronopotentiometries, allowing establishing the mechanism of deposition. Deposition tests were carried out at different potentials and the related samples were analyzed by SEM and EDX. Structural and chemical analyses indicate that the obtained deposits are constituted by metallic zirconium. According to the electrochemistry of zirconium and based on the experimental results, the mechanism is Zr(IV) ⇒ Zr(II) ⇒ Zr.

Published
2015

36. Preparation and characterisation of transparent and flexible PEDOT:PSS/PANI electrodes by ink-jet printing and electropolymerisation

Author

S. Corgiolu, Simone Rizzardini, Annalisa Bonfiglio, Simonetta Palmas, Monia Demelas, Pier Carlo Ricci, Michele Mascia, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Materials science, Chemical engineering, PEDOT:PSS, Scanning electron microscope, Open-circuit voltage, General Chemical Engineering, Bilayer, Electrode, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemistry, Dielectric spectroscopy
Abstract

Novel flexible PEDOT:PSS/PANI bilayered thin-film electrodes were successfully prepared by ink-jet printing of PEDOT:PSS on a PEN substrate and subsequent electrochemical polymerisation of PANI. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to systematically investigate the structure, morphology and electrochemical behaviour of the electrodes. The PEDOT:PSS/PANI bilayer nanofilms have been tested as pH sensors. As a comparison, either PEDOT:PSS or PANI electrodes have been tested for pH measurements. The results show that the sensitivity of the PEDOT:PSS/PANI bilayer film is higher than that of PEDOT:PSS and PANI electrodes, indicating a synergistic effect of the two polymers. A reversible near-Nerstian behaviour of the open circuit voltage with pH was found, with a slope of 58.9 mV pH−1 unit in a wide range of pH values from 2 to 14.

Published
2015

37. Electrochemical deposition of Cu and Nb from pyrrolidinium based ionic liquid

Author

Laura Mais, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Elodia Musu, and Francesco Delogu

Subjects
Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Tantalum, Refractory metals, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface coating, chemistry, Transition metal, Ionic liquid, Materials Chemistry, Crystallite, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The electrochemical deposition of tantalum and copper has been investigated in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSA]) on both boron doped diamond (BDD) and copper substrates in order to realize nanometric Cu–Ta bilayer deposits. Electrochemical experiments have been performed at 125 °C in a glove box, under nitrogen atmosphere. Galvanostatic runs and cyclic voltammograms performed at different scan rates have been carried out in order to determine the electroreduction path for tantalum and copper. Potentiostatic experiments were performed at the potential values corresponding to the voltammetric peaks and the samples obtained were analysed by SEM-EDX analyses. For both metals nanometric crystallites have been obtained. Cu–Ta deposits have been prepared by a dual bath technique and were constituted by fine crystallites with average sizes in the range 50–100 nm. The elemental maps indicate a different distribution of Cu–Ta depending on the substrates.

Published
2014

38. Electrochemical doping of mesoporous silicon with Er: the effect of the current intensity

Author

Andrea Falqui, Simonetta Palmas, Guido Mula, Elisa Pinna, Roberta Ruffilli, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, Doping, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Porous silicon, Semimetal, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Dielectric spectroscopy, Erbium, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Constant current, business
Abstract

There is an ongoing intense research for cost-effective Er-doped Si-based light-emitting devices at the 1.5 μm wavelength. The efficient electrochemical Er-doping of porous silicon for this purpose requires a good understanding of the phenomena involved, since those taking place at the pores inner surface control the doping process. However, almost no attention has been given, to date, to the relevant effects of the current intensity onto the doping results. In this work, the effect of the current intensity on the doping process is explored by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, optical reflectivity and energy dispersive spectrometry via scanning electron microscopy. The combined analysis of all results strongly suggests that the formation of a gel-like Er ethanolate, unaffected by changes in the sample thickness, occurs from the very first stages of the doping process. Moreover, while for constant current doping processes we show that, under any given doping condition, the doping level is proportional to the transferred charge, we demonstrate that performing the doping process using different current intensities may lead to dramatically different results.

Published
2014

39. Effect of surface equilibria on the electrokinetic behaviour of Pb and Cd ions in kaolinite

Author

Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Sorbent, Ion exchange, Electrokinetic remediation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Sorption, Pollution, Ion, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrokinetic phenomena, Fuel Technology, Environmental chemistry, Kaolinite, Waste Management and Disposal, Biotechnology
Abstract

BACKGROUND Electrokinetic remediation of fine-grained soils polluted by heavy metals is affected by the equilibria between dissolved and sorbed ions; pH can also influence the surface equilibria. Geochemical models which describe the behaviour of different surface sites and their interactions with heavy metal ions have to be considered for a good mathematical representation of an electrokinetic process. RESULTS Cd2+ and Pb2+ sorption isotherms were performed at different pH values using kaolinite as sorbent. Electrokinetic tests were performed with samples of kaolinite spiked with Cd2+ and Pb2+ at 0.7 and 2 V cm−1: the concentration profiles were obtained experimentally at different treatment times. The pH in the compartments was conditioned by acetate buffer. On the basis of the experimental results, a numerical model was formulated to simulate ion transport under an electric field combining the diffusion–advection equations with a two-sites geochemical model taking into account ion exchange and surface complexation of the metal ions, as well as the protonation–deprotonation reactions of the surface sites. CONCLUSIONS The process was effective for cadmium removal, while a strong dependence on pH was observed for lead removal. The model allowed prediction of time/space profiles in solid and liquid phase: a good agreement with the experimental data was obtained under all the conditions adopted. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

Published
2014

40. Coating of gold substrates with polyaniline through electrografting of aryl diazonium salts

Author

Simone Rizzardini, Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, and Laura Mais

Subjects
Materials science, Polyaniline nanofibers, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, engineering.material, Electrochemistry, Dielectric spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, chemistry, Coating, Electrode, Polyaniline, engineering, Surface modification, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

The results of an experimental study on electrochemical preparation of polyaniline (PANI)/polycrystalline gold composites are reported in this work. A three steps approach is adopted in order to obtain a stable and uniform coating: (1) functionalization of the gold surface by 4-nitrophenyl group, (2) electrochemical reduction of the nitro group to amine, and (3) electropolymerization of aniline onto the surface of the aminophenyl-modified gold electrode. Cyclic voltammetries and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies are used to characterize the gold surface after each step. Also the results of a sample prepared by electropolymerization of PANI on bare gold are presented as a comparison.

Published
2014

41. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of oxidized porous silicon

Author

Guido Mula, Andrea Falqui, Simonetta Palmas, Maria V. Tiddia, Michele Mascia, and Roberta Ruffilli

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Metals and Alloys, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, Porous silicon, Electrochemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dielectric spectroscopy, Materials Chemistry, Specular reflection, Current density, Refractive index
Abstract

We present a study of the electrochemical oxidation process of porous silicon. We analyze the effect of the layer thickness (1.25–22 μm) and of the applied current density (1.1–11.1 mA/cm 2 , values calculated with reference to the external samples surface) on the oxidation process by comparing the galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and the optical specular reflectivity of the samples. The results of EIS were interpreted using an equivalent circuit to separate the contribution of different sample parts. A different behavior of the electrochemical oxidation process has been found for thin and thick samples: whereas for thin samples the oxidation process is univocally related to current density and thickness, for thicker samples this is no more true. Measurements by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy using a Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed that the inhomogeneity of the electrochemical oxidation process is increased by higher thicknesses and higher currents. A possible explanation is proposed to justify the different behavior of thin and thick samples during the electrochemical process.

Published
2014

42. Analysis of photocurrent and capacitance of TiO2 nanotube–polyaniline hybrid composites synthesized through electroreduction of an aryldiazonium salt

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Javier Llanos, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, and Esperanza Mena

Subjects
Photocurrent, Supercapacitor, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, chemistry, Electrode, Polyaniline, Surface modification, Cyclic voltammetry, Composite material
Abstract

TiO2 nanotube–polyaniline hybrid composites were synthesized by a multi-step electrochemical procedure as follows: (1) electrochemical oxidation of Ti foil to obtain TiO2 ordered nanotubular electrodes, (2) functionalization of TiO2 by electroreduction of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium salt, (3) electrochemical reduction of the nitro group to amine, (4) galvanostatic electropolymerization of aniline onto the surface of the aminophenyl-modified TiO2 electrode. Samples were also prepared by direct electropolymerization of PANI on TiO2 nanostructures without the deposition of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium as under-layer. Different times for the electropolymerization step were applied. The composite materials were morphologically and electrochemically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance analysis. The improvement of the most relevant properties of the PANI–TiO2 composites for their application as photocatalysts and as supercapacitors was checked.

Published
2014

43. Integrated Au/TiO2 Nanostructured Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Organics Degradation

Author

Valeria Russo, Andrea Li Bassi, Luca Mascaretti, Carlo Spartaco Casari, Roberto Matarrese, Annalisa Vacca, Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, Beatrice Roberta Bricchi, Elisabetta Maria Usai, Isabella Nova, Laura Mais, Matteo Ghidelli, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), and Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari]

Subjects
Au nanoparticles, Bisphenol A oxidation, Photoelectrocatalysis, TiO, 2, nanostructures, Water splitting, Materials science, Nanostructure, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Pulsed laser deposition, lcsh:Chemistry, Molecule, lcsh:TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TiO2 nanostructures, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, lcsh:QD1-999, Chemical engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Degradation (geology), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In this work, hierarchical Au/TiO2 nanostructures were studied as possible photoanodes for water splitting and bisphenol A (BPA) oxidation. TiO2 samples were synthetized by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), while Au nanoparticles (NPs) were differently dispersed (i.e., NPs at the bottom or at the top of the TiO2, as well as integrated TiO2/Au-NPs assemblies). Voltammetric scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis were used to correlate the morphology of samples with their electrochemical properties, the working mechanism was investigated in the dark and in the presence of a light radiation, under neutral pH conditions towards the possible oxidation of both bisphenol A (BPA) and water molecules. Different behavior of the samples was observed, which may be attributed mainly to the distributions of Au NPs and to their dimension as well. In particular, the presence of NPs at the bottom seems to be the crucial point for the working mechanism of the structure, thanks to scattering effects that likely allow to better exploit the radiation.

Published
2019

44. On the Electrodeposition of Niobium from 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide at Conductive Diamond Substrates

Author

Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Francesco Delogu, Simonetta Palmas, Simone Rizzardini, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Inorganic chemistry, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Carbide, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, Ionic liquid, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Imide
Abstract

This work relates to the electrochemical deposition of Nb from a liquid solution in which the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSA]) is used as solvent. Conductive diamond was employed as substrate, while the experiments were carried out with NbF5 in the presence of either NaF or LiF. Cyclic voltammetries were used to characterise the electrochemical behaviour of the system. Deposition experiments were carried out at fixed potentials, corresponding to the voltammetric peaks of the cathodic scans. The surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and the results used in combination with the voltammetries to establish a possible mechanism for the Nb electrodeposition process. The electroreduction of Nb(V) to Nb(0) was found to proceed through different steps, involving the formation of the Nb(II) carbide and other nonstoichiometric carbide phases. The effect of Na and Li ions on the electrochemical process was studied: although three voltammetric peaks were detected in both cases, an appreciable depolarisation of the cathodic reactions was observed in the presence of Li ions. XRD analysis confirmed that a coating of metallic Nb was obtained at −1.5 V and 125 °C in the presence of LiF.

Published
2013

45. On the formation of bromate and chlorate ions during electrolysis with boron doped diamond anode for seawater treatment

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Laura Mais, Annalisa Vacca, Simone Rizzardini, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
Electrolysis, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, Chlorate, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrochemistry, Bromate, Pollution, Chloride, Anode, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, chemistry, law, Chlorine, medicine, Seawater, Waste Management and Disposal, Biotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND The electrochemical treatment of brackish and seawaters with boron doped diamond anodes (BDD) can be particularly suitable for the removal of microorganisms, microalgae and pollutants: the high conductivity of these waters and the high content of chloride ions can be exploited in disinfection/oxidation processes mediated by active chlorine. A correct choice of operating conditions can limit the formation of such undesired by-products as bromate and chlorate ions. RESULTS Galvanostatic electrolyses of synthetic waters containing chloride and/or bromide ions using BDD anode were carried out both in batch and continuous mode in an undivided cell. Bromide ions were oxidized to form bromate ions with high conversion rate, while chlorate ions were found as by-products of the oxidation of chloride ions together with active chlorine. When solutions containing Br− and Cl− were treated, the increase in the concentration of chloride up to that of seawater (20 g dm−3), hinders the formation of BrO3− and ClO3−. CONCLUSIONS The electrochemical process with BDD anode could be applicable to the disinfection of high salinity waters: in synthetic solution simulating the composition of seawaters, high amounts of active chlorine are formed and the occurrence of bromates and chlorates is highly limited. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Published
2013

46. Electrochemical treatment as a pre-oxidative step for algae removal using Chlorella vulgaris as a model organism and BDD anodes

Author

Simonetta Palmas, Annalisa Vacca, and Michele Mascia

Subjects
Electrolysis, Waste management, Hydraulic retention time, biology, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Batch reactor, Chlorella vulgaris, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Chloride, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Anode, law.invention, Chemical engineering, law, medicine, Chlorine, Environmental Chemistry, Green algae, medicine.drug
Abstract

An experimental work is presented in this paper on the inactivation of algae through electrochemical treatment. A green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) was adopted as a model. A commercial filter-press electrochemical reactor (Electro MP-Cell), equipped with a boron doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode, was used to perform the electrolysis. The cell was inserted in a hydraulic circuit and used in either a closed loop, as a recirculating batch reactor, or in the continuous mode. The effects of current density and hydrodynamics were studied, as well as the formation of active chlorine and other chloride oxidation products. Active chlorine concentrations on the order of 0.3 mmol dm−3 were obtained when algae were not present in the initial solution (batch experiments) or in the feed (continuous experiments). In the presence of algae, the value was 0.03 mmol dm−3. The highest values were measured with i = 75 A cm−2 and flow conditions corresponding to a Reynolds number of 100 (batch experiments) or a hydraulic residence time of 4 min (continuous experiments). The process led to the total inactivation of algae when 100 mg dm−3 of chlorides was present in the solution, which is a typical value for natural waters. The results indicated that, under the adopted conditions, the prevailing mechanism was inactivation by means of long-life oxidants electrogenerated. A simple model of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in-series was adopted to account for the non-ideal flow conditions in the continuous experiments, which was able to interpret the data under all the conditions tested.

Published
2013

47. Photoelectrocatalytic Performances of Nanostructured/Decorated TiO2Electrodes: Effect of Wavelength and Cell Configuration

Author

Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca, Ilenia G. Tredici, and Simonetta Palmas

Subjects
Photocurrent, Materials science, Article Subject, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, Oxide, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Dielectric spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Titanium dioxide, Electrode, Water splitting, General Materials Science, Nanorod
Abstract

The behaviour of TiO2based electrodes was investigated during the photoelectrocatalytic water splitting process. TiO2nanotubes and compact oxide structures were obtained by electrochemical oxidation of Ti foils. A subsequent hydrothermal process carried out at both the nanotubular and compact oxide structures allowed decorating the structure by TiO2nanoparticles. The synthesized TiO2samples worked as photoanodes both in a bulk three electrode cell and in a thin gap cell. The results from measurements of the photocurrent and from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to highlight a combined effect of the wavelength of the incident light and the kind of cell configuration, on the global performance of the systems. The results indicate that the decoration process does not result only in a simple increase of the specific surface, but it also determines a different concentration of the bulk and superficial sites in the electrode. The different response of the sites at different wavelengths, along with the accessibility of the electrolyte to the porous structure are evocated to justify the experimental behaviour observed.

Published
2013

48. Sensitization of TiO2 nanostructures with Coumarin 343

Author

A. Da Pozzo, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Pier Carlo Ricci

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Anodizing, General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dye-sensitized solar cell, chemistry, Electrode, Environmental Chemistry, Surface modification, Ethylene glycol, Fluoride
Abstract

In this work the synthesis of hybrid electrodes obtained by electrochemical functionalization of nanotubular TiO 2 arrays with diazonium salt and subsequent sensitization with Coumarin is proposed. Nanotubes are grown by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils. Anodization is performed at 35 V in ethylene glycol solution and in the presence of fluoride ions. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the functionalization with diazonium allows itself an enhancement of the current yield of the water electrosplitting process. Photocurrents further increased after the sensitization of the samples with Coumarin dye, so indicating good chances for possible applications of the electrodes in DSSC.

Published
2012

49. Fixed bed reactors with three dimensional electrodes for electrochemical treatment of waters for disinfection

Author

Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Annalisa Vacca

Subjects
Electrolysis, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Limiting current, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chloride, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Volumetric flow rate, law.invention, Electrochemical cell, chemistry, law, Mass transfer, Chlorine, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract

A fixed bed electrochemical cell was tested as reactor for treatment of waters by direct electrolysis. The aim was the development of a reactor configuration for effective and controllable primary and secondary disinfection. Stacks of titanium grids coated with Ru/Ir oxides or platinum were used as anodes and cathodes, respectively. The electrode packings were arranged in series, the system worked in continuous mode. The reactor was characterised for mass transfer (by the limiting current densities technique) and flow behaviour (by pulse-response curves with an inert tracer). Electrolyses were carried out with 100 mg dm−3 of chloride ions, and current density ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mA cm−2. Active chlorine concentrations from 0.3 to 1.2 mmol dm−3 were obtained in the reactor outlet, depending on the conditions. The higher value was measured with i = 7.5 mA cm−2 and flow conditions corresponding to a Reynolds number of 5: under these conditions, about 1 mg dm−3 of chlorates were detected, otherwise the selectivity of the process towards active chlorine was about unit. A mathematical model at steady state was implemented, and pseudo first order kinetics was used to describe chemical and electrochemical reactions. The model allowed obtaining the concentration profiles of chloride and chloride oxidation by-products which were compared with experimental data, with good agreement in a wide range of flow rates. The configuration allowed a well-defined concentration profile: the active chlorine in the outlet was always 50% less than the value inside the reactor, allowing to exploit the process for primary and secondary disinfection.

Published
2012

50. Photo-electrochemical behavior at different wavelengths of electrochemically obtained TiO2 nanotubes

Author

A. Da Pozzo, Isabella Nova, Annalisa Vacca, Michele Mascia, Simonetta Palmas, and Roberto Matarrese

Subjects
Wavelength, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Anodizing, General Chemical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Water splitting, Electrochemical anodization
Abstract

The results of an experimental study on the photo electrochemical behavior of nanotubular TiO2 structures are presented in this work. TiO2 samples were prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils and submitted to thermal annealing. The influence of the current transient during the anodization, and of the annealing temperature on the photochemical response of the samples at different wavelengths was studied. Different behavior of the samples was observed, which may be attributed to the distributions of defects and to their different sensitivity to the temperature. The analysis of the performance of the samples in absence or in the presence of glycerol, used as hole scavenger, provided more information on the photo-catalytic properties of these structures.

Published
2012

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