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1. Higher spatial resolution is not always better: evaluating satellite-sensed sea surface temperature products for a west Pacific coral reef system

Author

Liam Lachs, Simon Donner, Alasdair J. Edwards, Yimnang Golbuu, and James Guest

Subjects
Remote sensing, Coral reefs, Spatial resolution, Mass coral bleaching, Thermal variability, In situ temperature, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract As marine heatwaves and mass coral bleaching events rise in frequency and severity, there is an increasing need for high-resolution satellite products that accurately predict reef thermal environments over large spatio-temporal scales. Deciding which global sea surface temperature (SST) dataset to use for research or management depends in part on the desired spatial resolution. Here, we evaluate two SST datasets – the lower-resolution CoralTemp v3.1 (0.05° ~ 5 km grid) and the Multiscale Ultra-high Resolution MUR v4.1 (0.01° ~ 1 km grid) – in their ability to predict in situ reef thermal environments (nightly mean and daily maximum) and the severity of past bleaching in Palau, western Pacific Ocean. We expected higher-resolution data to improve prediction accuracy, yet CoralTemp data explained 10% additional variability of in situ temperatures and 70% additional variance in past bleaching. This likely relates to differential data protocols; despite MUR using a higher spatial resolution grid, CoralTemp achieves higher raw satellite observation density in coastal areas by utilising geostationary satellites. MUR SSTs were also consistently more variable. These results reinforce calls to develop more accurate high-resolution SST products for coral reefs. Our paper demonstrates that higher spatial resolution SST data is not necessarily better at predicting in situ thermal environments of coral reefs and local marine heatwave impacts.

Published
2025
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2. Commentary: Reconstructing Four Centuries of Temperature-Induced Coral Bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef

Author

Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, William J. Skirving, Janice M. Lough, Chunying Liu, Michael E. Mann, Simon Donner, C. Mark Eakin, Neal Cantin, Jessica Carilli, Scott Fraser Heron, Sonya Miller, and Sophie Dove

Subjects
coral bleaching, 400 years, mortality, climate change, ERSST datasets, errors, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Published
2019
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5. The 2014-17 Global Coral Bleaching Event: The Most Severe and Widespread Coral Reef Destruction

Author

C. Mark Eakin, Denise Devotta, Scott Heron, Sean Connolly, Gang Liu, Erick Geiger, Jacqueline De La Cour, Andrea Gomez, William Skirving, Andrew Baird, Neal Cantin, Courtney Couch, Simon Donner, James Gilmour, Manuel Gonzalez-Rivero, Mishal Gudka, Hugo Harrison, Gregor Hodgson, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Andrew Hoey, Mia Hoogenboom, Terry Hughes, Meaghan Johnson, James Kerry, Jennifer Mihaly, Aarón Muñiz-Castillo, David Obura, Morgan Pratchett, Andrea Rivera-Sosa, Claire Ross, Jennifer Stein, Angus Thompson, Gergely Torda, T. Shay Viehman, Cory Walter, Shaun Wilson, Benjamin Marsh, Blake Spady, Noel Dyer, Thomas Adam, Mahsa Alidoostsalimi, Parisa Alidoostsalimi, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Mariana Álvarez-Noriega, Keisha Bahr, Peter Barnes, José Barraza Sandoval, Julia Baum, Andrew Bauman, Maria Beger, Kathryn Berry, Pia Bessell-Browne, Lionel Bigot, Victor Bonito, Ole Brodnicke, David Burdick, Deron Burkepile, April Burt, John Burt, Ian Butler, Jamie Caldwell, Yannick Chancerelle, Chaolun Allen Chen, Kah-Leng Cherh, Michael Childress, Darren Coken, Georgia Coward, M. James Crabbe, Thomas Dallison, Steve Dalton, Thomas DeCarlo, Crawford Drury, Ian Drysdale, Clinton Edwards, Linda Eggertsen, Eylem Elma, Rosmin Ennis, Richard Evans, Gal Eyal, Douglas Fenner, Baruch Figueroa-Zavala, Jay Fisch, Michael Fox, Elena Gadoutsis, Antoine Gilbert, Andrew Halford, Tom Heintz, James Hewlett, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, Whitney Hoot, Peter Houk, Lyza Johnston, Michelle Johnston, Hajime Kayanne, Emma Kennedy, Ruy Kikuchi, Ulrike Kloiber, Haruko Koike, Lindsey Kramer, Chao-Yang Kuo, Judy Lang, Abigail Leadbeater, Zelinda Leão, Jen Lee, Cynthia Lewis, Diego Lirman, Guilherme Longo, Chancey MacDonald, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Isabel da Silva, Christophe Mason-Parker, Vanessa McDonough, Melanie McField, Thayná Mello, Celine Miternique - Agathe, Stephan Moldzio, Alison Monroe, Monica Montefalcone, Kevin Moses, Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi, Rodrigo Moura, Chathurika Munasinghe, Takashi Nakamura, Jean-Benoit Nicet, Marissa Nuttall, Marilia Oliveira, Hazel Oxenford, John Pandolfi, Vardhan Patankar, Denise Perez, Nishan Perera, Derta Prabuning, William Precht, K. Diraviya Raj, James Reimer, Laura Richardson, Randi Rotjan, Nicole Ryan, Rod Salm, Stuart Sandin, Stephanie Schopmeyer, Mohammad Shokri, Jennifer Smith, Kylie Smith, S. R. Smith, Tyler Smith, Brigitte Sommer, Melina Soto, Helen Sykes, Kelley Tagarino, Marianne Teoh, Minh Thai, Tai Toh, Alex Tredinnick, Alex Tso, Harriet Tyley, Ali Ussi, Christian Vaterlaus, Mark Vermeij, Si Tuan Vo, Christian Voolstra, Hin Boo Wee, Bradley Weiler, Saleh Yahya, Thamasak Yeemin, Maren Ziegler, Tadashi Kimura, and Derek Manzello

Abstract

Ocean warming is increasing the incidence, scale, and severity of global-scale coral bleaching and mortality, culminating in the third global coral bleaching event that occurred during record marine heatwaves of 2014-2017. While local effects of these events have been widely reported, the global implications remain unknown. Analysis of 15,066 reef surveys during 2014-2017 revealed that 80% of surveyed reefs experienced significant coral bleaching and 35% experienced significant coral mortality. The global extent of significant coral bleaching and mortality was assessed by extrapolating results from reef surveys using comprehensive remote-sensing data of regional heat stress. This model predicted that 51% of the world’s coral reefs suffered significant bleaching and 15% significant mortality, surpassing damage from any prior global bleaching event. These observations demonstrate that global warming’s widespread damage to coral reefs is accelerating and underscores the threat anthropogenic climate change poses for the irreversible transformation of these essential ecosystems.

Published
2022
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6. Contributors

Author

Riibeta Abeta, A. Ablan-Lagman, Mehdi Adjeroud, M.K. Ahmed, Simon Albert, Porfirio M. Aliño, Valérie Allain, Noura Al-Mansoori, Rohani Ambo-Rappe, Serge Andréfouët, Karibanang Tamuera Aram, Jérôme Aucan, S.O. Bandeira, Ratita Bebe, Luca G. Bellucci, Ranjeet Bhagooli, L. Bigot, N. Bodin, G. Braulik, Tom C.L. Bridge, Jon Brodie, Gilianne Brodie, Eric K. Brown, V. Burgener, John A. Burt, Reine W. Cabreira, Darren S. Cameron, Ma. Carmen, Susana Carvalho, B. Cauvin, Daniela M. Ceccarelli, P. Chabanet, E. Chassot, Loke M. Chou, Michele Christian, Michel R. Claereboudt, P. Cuet, Ario Damar, Corine David, Victor David, Terence P. Dawson, Jon C. Day, Natalie Degger, Gopal Dharani, Simon Donner, Larissa Dsikowitzky, Liqin Duan, P. Durville, Cyril Dutheil, Ben Eliason, Joanne Ellis, Michael J. Emslie, Taati Eria, Douglas Fenner, Sebastian C.A. Ferse, Alan M. Friedlander, Niv Froman, Robert Gillett, Silvia Giuliani, Beverly P.L. Goh, Alana Grech, Alistair Grinham, M. Gullström, Mark Hamann, Rosli Hashim, Scott F. Heron, Andrew S. Hoey, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Ibrahim Hoteit, Danwei Huang, Alec Hughes, Hari E. Irianto, Robert A. Irving, Tim C. Jennerjahn, Dilip Kumar Jha, Jheng-Jie Jiang, Stacy Jupiter, Deepeeka Kaullysing, Alan Kendrick, Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Ramalingam Kirubagaran, Fung-Chi Ko, M. Kochzius, Subbiah Krishnakumar, George Krokos, Benjamin Kürten, Ronal Lal, Ines D. Lange, Daniela LeBlanc, Chon-Lin Lee, Steven Lee, Wilfredo Y. Licuanan, Bing-Sian Lin, Lisa K. Lobel, Phillip S. Lobel, Epeli M. Loganimoce, Lionel Loubersac, Janice M. Lough, Edward Lovell, Shiau-Yun Lu, Martin C. Lukas, Perumal Madeswaran, Nochyil S. Magesh, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Joe McCarter, Christophe Menkes, Abigail M. Moore, Cherie Morris, Tiffany H. Morrison, T. Mulochau, O. Naim, Yashika Nand, Dang H. Nhon, J.B. Nicet, M Nicoll, Inga Nordhaus, Mark O’Brien, D.O. Obura, Kate Osborne, K Osuka, Claude E. Payri, Bernard Pelletier, Gilles Pestana, Thomas Pohlmann, Morgan S. Pratchett, Islay Purcell, Ingrid Qauqau, Mohammad A. Rahman, H.O. Ralison, Bindiya Rashni, Mark A. Read, Farran Mack Redfern, Majid Rezayi, M. Richmond, Randi Rotjan, Sarah Samadi, M.A. Samoilys, Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany, S.K. Sarkar, K.K. Satpathy, Chloe Schauble, P. Scheren, Eike Schoenig, Jan Schwarzbauer, Charles Sheppard, Anne Sheppard, Simon Harding, Scott G. Smithers, Jinming Song, Guy M.W. Stevens, Karen Stone, Chih-Chieh Su, Ketut Sugama, Bambang Sumiono, Hugh P.A. Sweatman, Helen Sykes, Mohammad Tajfard, Koh S. Tan, Sarah Botaake Teetu, J-F. Ternon, E. Tessier, B. Thomassin, Tai C. Toh, Karenne Tun, Bronwyn Vaisey, Grace O. Vaughan, Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar, Jane Waterhouse, Victor Wepener, J. Wickel, Barry Wilson, and Shaun Wilson

Published
2019
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7. Social-environmental drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Author

Emily S, Darling, Tim R, McClanahan, Joseph, Maina, Georgina G, Gurney, Nicholas A J, Graham, Fraser, Januchowski-Hartley, Joshua E, Cinner, Camilo, Mora, Christina C, Hicks, Eva, Maire, Marji, Puotinen, William J, Skirving, Mehdi, Adjeroud, Gabby, Ahmadia, Rohan, Arthur, Andrew G, Bauman, Maria, Beger, Michael L, Berumen, Lionel, Bigot, Jessica, Bouwmeester, Ambroise, Brenier, Tom C L, Bridge, Eric, Brown, Stuart J, Campbell, Sara, Cannon, Bruce, Cauvin, Chaolun Allen, Chen, Joachim, Claudet, Vianney, Denis, Simon, Donner, Estradivari, Nur, Fadli, David A, Feary, Douglas, Fenner, Helen, Fox, Erik C, Franklin, Alan, Friedlander, James, Gilmour, Claire, Goiran, James, Guest, Jean-Paul A, Hobbs, Andrew S, Hoey, Peter, Houk, Steven, Johnson, Stacy D, Jupiter, Mohsen, Kayal, Chao-Yang, Kuo, Joleah, Lamb, Michelle A C, Lee, Jeffrey, Low, Nyawira, Muthiga, Efin, Muttaqin, Yashika, Nand, Kirsty L, Nash, Osamu, Nedlic, John M, Pandolfi, Shinta, Pardede, Vardhan, Patankar, Lucie, Penin, Lauriane, Ribas-Deulofeu, Zoe, Richards, T Edward, Roberts, Ku'ulei S, Rodgers, Che Din Mohd, Safuan, Enric, Sala, George, Shedrawi, Tsai Min, Sin, Patrick, Smallhorn-West, Jennifer E, Smith, Brigitte, Sommer, Peter D, Steinberg, Makamas, Sutthacheep, Chun Hong James, Tan, Gareth J, Williams, Shaun, Wilson, Thamasak, Yeemin, John F, Bruno, Marie-Josée, Fortin, Martin, Krkosek, and David, Mouillot

Subjects
Coral Reefs, Climate, Climate Change, Animals, Humans, Anthozoa, Ecosystem
Abstract

Without drastic efforts to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate globalized stressors, tropical coral reefs are in jeopardy. Strategic conservation and management requires identification of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving the persistence of scleractinian coral assemblages-the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we compiled coral abundance data from 2,584 Indo-Pacific reefs to evaluate the influence of 21 climate, social and environmental drivers on the ecology of reef coral assemblages. Higher abundances of framework-building corals were typically associated with: weaker thermal disturbances and longer intervals for potential recovery; slower human population growth; reduced access by human settlements and markets; and less nearby agriculture. We therefore propose a framework of three management strategies (protect, recover or transform) by considering: (1) if reefs were above or below a proposed threshold of >10% cover of the coral taxa important for structural complexity and carbonate production; and (2) reef exposure to severe thermal stress during the 2014-2017 global coral bleaching event. Our findings can guide urgent management efforts for coral reefs, by identifying key threats across multiple scales and strategic policy priorities that might sustain a network of functioning reefs in the Indo-Pacific to avoid ecosystem collapse.

Published
2019

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