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Under den første verdenskrig førte Storbritannia en totalkrig som hadde store ramifikasjoner for det europeiske kontinentet, men krigspolitikken til Storbritannia påvirket også deres eget imperium. Det er viktig at det blir forsket mer på hvordan den første verdenskrig hadde en innvirkning på andre land utenfor Europa, fordi jeg mener dette ikke er godt nok belyst. Storbritannias økonomiske imperialistiske system baserte seg på at deres industri laget produkter av råvarer fra koloniene, som ofte spesialiserte seg på en spesifikk, eller veldig få råvarer. Dette medførte at det ble et gjensidig avhengighetsforhold mellom Storbritannia og koloniene. Den første verdenskrig forstyrret dette systemet. To av koloniene var Gullkystens kakaoindustri, og Nigerias oljepalmetrær-industri (palmeolje og palmekjerne). Dette var de desidert største industriene i Nigeria og Gullkysten, som gjorde at koloniene var økonomisk avhengig av eksport av råvarene. Derav undersøkes det hvordan den britiske krigspolitikken hadde en effekt på disse industriene, og hva som ble konsekvensene av politikken for industrien og bøndene. Det diskuteres generelle krigspolitiske lover som la grunnlaget for krigen, men også spesifikk politikk i Gullkysten og Nigeria, som kunne påvirke kakao og palmesektoren. Blant annet blir det diskutert avgifter, stenging av markeder og skipsfart. Eksportresultatene i krigen fra år til år vises for å se om det er en sammenheng mellom politikken som ble ført, og om det er en utvikling i økonomien. Det viser seg at de økonomiske resultatene for disse industriene ikke ble like dyster som tenkelig. Krigspolitikken påvirket ikke i stor grad disse industriene, med unntak av noen få tilfeller hvor det vises en større merkbar forskjell. Det påståes ikke at politikken ikke hadde konsekvenser for bøndene, som ved noen tilfeller i krigen valgte å vise deres misnøye ved protester. Masteroppgavens resultater gir en helhetlig analyse om hvordan politikk på det øverste nivået kan påvirke en hel industri, og de som jobbet innenfor den. Dette er viktig å belyse fordi det blir tatt for seg hvordan krigen økonomisk påvirket sosiale klasser utenfor Europa, noe som er forsket på i mindre grad. Med dette ønsker jeg å bidra til en samling av kunnskap for å lettere opplyse mennesker om dette temaet, i tillegg til å sette et større søkelys på viktigheten av historie utenfor Europa. During World War I, Britain waged an all-out war that had major ramifications for the European continent, but Britain's war policy also affected its own empire. It is important that more research is done on how the First World War had an impact on other countries outside Europe, because I believe this is not well enough elucidated. Britain's economic imperialist system was based on that their industry made products from raw materials from the colonies, which often specialized in a specific, or very few raw materials. This led to a relationship of interdependence between Britain and the colonies. World War I disrupted this system. Two of the colonies were the Gold Coast cocoa industry, and Nigeria's oil palm tree industry (palm oil and palm kernel). These were by far the largest industries in Nigeria and the Gold Coast, which made the colonies economically dependent on the export of raw materials. This examines how British war policy influenced these industries, and what the consequences of the policy were for industry and the peasants. General war policy laws that laid the foundation for the war are discussed, but also specific policies in the Gold Coast and Nigeria, which could affect cocoa and the palm sector. Among other things, fees, market closures and shipping are discussed. The export results in the war I are shown from year to year to see if there is a connection between the policy that was pursued, and if there is a development in the economy. It turns out that the economic results for these industries were not as gloomy as imagined. The war policy did not greatly affect these industries, except for a few cases where a larger noticeable difference is shown. It is not claimed that the policy had no consequences for the peasants, who in some cases in the war chose to show their dissatisfaction with protests. The results of the master's thesis provide a comprehensive analysis of how politics at the highest level can affect an entire industry, and those who worked within it. This is important to shed light on because it deals with how the war economically affected social classes outside Europe, which has been researched to a lesser extent. With this, I want to contribute to a collection of knowledge to inform people more easily about this topic, in addition to putting a greater spotlight on the importance of history outside Europe.

Objective: Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is limited and fatal relapse occurs almost universally, even in patients that initially benefit from tissue resection, irradiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide. To abolish acquired resistance to temozolomide in recurrent GBM, driving mechanisms need to[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 71. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 9. Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

The neuromuscular response or neuromuscular function is a set of biomechanical and viscoelastic properties about the muscular and fascia tissue. These characteristics are fundamental for the rehabilitation and sport medicine. This is a review of how to measure neuromuscular response and to define this concept, its parameters and present different tools (myometry and tensiomyography) to measure it. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The affirmation of the existence of African philosophy has seen an upsurge in publications, appearing as anthologies, journal articles, and books on specific philosophical themes with African flavor. Although such publications aim to examine substantive issues, there is surprisingly a lot too that still focus on questions concerning appropriate methods and content. Along the problem of existence, the quest for and subsequent disagreement on appropriate method and content have eventually become dominant features of African philosophy. In this chapter, I argue that although appropriate method and content are basic to any philosophical enterprise, excessive preoccupation with them inhibits the growth of African philosophy as most energy is expended on issues that either have been settled or will better be defined along substantive issues. Thus, unless scholars expend much of their time and efforts on substantive philosophical problems, African philosophy will always appear on the peripheral of the philosophical enterprise.

El teixit fascial és una estructura del teixit mesenquimal d’origen mesodèrmic, que es desenvolupa de manera simultània al teixit muscular. Forma un teixit viscoelàstic, funcional i tridimensional, composat majoritàriament per fibres de col·lagen i que envolta el teixit nerviós (neurofàscia), les vísceres (viscerofàscia) i el teixit muscular (miofàscia). Algunes de les seves funcions principals són l’absorció i disseminació de tensions, la coordinació de moviments i la compartimentació i divisió tant de regions anatòmiques, com de teixits (formant les estructures de l’epi-, endo-, peri-). Aquesta estreta interrelació entre el teixit fascial i la resta d’estructures anatòmiques fa que la fàscia adquireixi una gran importància dins de l’àmbit esportiu i del moviment. Restriccions o adherències fascials poden provocar limitacions en l’angle de moviment o en la flexibilitat, participar en processos inflamatoris i dolorosos i facilitar determinades lesions musculars o tendinoses, neuropaties i compressions nervioses. Però també s’ha demostrat que la manipulació del teixit fascial té múltiples efectes positius en l’àmbit terapèutic i fisiològic com, per exemple, la plasticitat vascular, la restauració dels teixits i la reducció del to muscular. Per l’estreta relació que s’estableix entre fàscia, teixit muscular i esport, el propòsit del present estudi és realitzar una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura per determinar quins tipus de tractament fascial s’han aplicat en l’àmbit esportiu, quines patologies s’han estudiat i quines han estat les variables analitzades. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

This paper presents a cost effective, digital, PXI-based active load-pull tuner architecture. This allows for significant reduction in test time, without compromising measurement quality or control. We will demonstrate for the first time, ability to compensate for the non-linear behavior of the loop amplifier within the active loop, thus moving from a proof of concept architecture to one that is applicable to real-world applications. The calibration process required for accurate reflection coefficient setting is presented, as well as analysis of the long-term reflection coefficient stability. It is shown how the RF bandwidth of the architecture can be increased through the use of up/down convertors directly in the feedback loop, with testing completed at 17GHz. A direct comparison in measurement time between passive, active open-loop and the digital architecture is also presented, showing the digital tuner as much as 14 times faster than a passive tuner for a fixed power impedance grid, using the same measurement receiver and setup.

In a recent publication, Ehlig-Economides & Economides (2010) have sought to demonstrate that carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is not technically or economically feasible, based on a supposed lack of underground storage capacity. We consider this to be a serious misrepresentation of the scientific, engineering and operational facts surrounding CCS. Ehlig-Economides & Economides raise a number of storage related issues: reservoir boundaries, capacity, pressure management, storage integrity, dissolution and storage in depleted reservoirs. We take each one in turn, highlighting specific errors in the paper but also drawing attention to more general background issues. Finally, we discuss in more detail some inconsistencies in the paper surrounding the reservoir engineering calculations.