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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 595 II. JUST BECAUSE IT'S HISTORY, DOESN'T MEAN IT'S ORIGINALISM 597 A. What Originalism Is 597 1. The Constraint Principle 598 2. The Fixation Thesis [...]

There is a growing trend toward later toilet training of typically developing children. This trend is a problem for caregivers and professionals who work with young children, because it is associated with a number of costs and health risks in child-care settings. Results of a recent study (Tarbox, Williams, & Friman, 2004) suggest that wearing underwear may facilitate the development of toileting skills. Based on these findings, we examined the effects of wearing disposable diapers, disposable pull-on training pants, and underwear on urinary continence of 5 typically developing toddlers in a child-care setting. Underwear decreased incontinence and increased continent urinations for 2 of the 5 participants, produced no improvement in 2 participants, and when combined with increased fluid intake and longer sitting periods, produced some favorable trends for the 5th participant. (Contains 1 figure.)

The increase in emerging drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections is a global concern. In addition, there is growing recognition that compromising the microbiota through the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can impact long term patient outcomes. Therefore, there is the need to develop new bactericidal strategies to combat Gram-negative infections that would address these specific issues. In this study, we report and characterize one such approach, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that combines (i) targeting the surface of a specific pathogenic organism through a monoclonal antibody with (ii) the high killing activity of an antimicrobial peptide. We focused on a major pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium associated with antibacterial resistance: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To target this organism, we designed an ADC by fusing an antimicrobial peptide to the C-terminal end of the VH and/or VL-chain of a monoclonal antibody, VSX, that targets the core of P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. This ADC demonstrates appropriately minimal levels of toxicity against mammalian cells, rapidly kills P. aeruginosa strains, and protects mice from P. aeruginosa lung infection when administered therapeutically. Furthermore, we found that the ADC was synergistic with several classes of antibiotics. This approach described in this study might result in a broadly useful strategy for targeting specific pathogenic microorganisms without further augmenting antibiotic resistance. Author summary: The increasing incidence of emerging drug resistant bacterial infections is a worldwide public health issue. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are particularly concerning. In addition, there is now growing recognition that disruption of the microbiota through the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can have detrimental effects on long-term patient outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to develop new bactericidal strategies to combat Gram-negative infections while preserving the microbiota and avoiding the enhancement of antibiotic resistance. Here, we report on and characterize one such approach by using a specific monoclonal antibody associated with the potent killing activity of antimicrobial peptides in the form of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The selected pathogenic bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which presents numerous markers of both innate and acquired antibiotic resistance. The ADC lacked significant cytotoxicity against mammalian cells and was shown to be effective both in vitro and in vivo against P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined women's participation, relative to men's, at the annual meetings of the Association for Behavior Analysis (ABA) between 1975 and 2005. Among our findings are upward trends in female presenters across formats (e.g., posters), types of authorship (e.g., first authors), and specialty areas (e.g., autism). Where women have attained parity, however, they are still often underrepresented, given their percentage of membership. Women also participate less than men as sole and invited authors and discussants and in the domains of basic research and conceptual analysis, but participate more than men in the applied domain. Data from the "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" and the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" show parallel but delayed trends toward parity in basic and applied research, whereas data from "The Behavior Analyst" show only modest gains in the conceptual domain. We discuss the gender disparities in ABA's more prestigious categories of participation (e.g., invited addresses) and across its content domains, as well as in science in general, and the role of social and cultural factors in producing the disparities and how behavior analysts might aid in correcting them. (Contains 6 figures and 1 table.)

The preceptor focuses on developing the nurses' skill set and introduces unit-specific guidelines. In contrast, mentors focus more on peer support and developing one's role through relationships. Mentors can advise the orientee on how to deal with the stress of the unfamiliar environment and the demands of clinical practice. Retention has been an issue in many areas of health care. Lack of long-term support for orientees was noticed by leadership and believed to contribute to lack of retention. Mentorship adds an additional layer of support to the orientation process. The goal of the Orientation Navigator team is to support the orientees as a mentor throughout their orientation and beyond as they transition to established staff members, while also increasing retention throughout perianesthesia. Through this, we hope to enhance the new hires' experience by creating a larger support system during orientation to maintain orientee retention. During the first weeks of orientation, a Navigator is paired with the orientee to coordinate a schedule for routine check-ins. Pre-orientation and post-orientation surveys distributed to orientees include Likert scale questions regarding comfort levels of the orientee, and a portion for feedback. As the program grows, positive and negative feedback is considered to improve the program. Retention rates and surveys completed by the orientees were used as evaluation mechanisms to measure the program's effectiveness. Since the initiation of the Orientation Navigator role in November of 2021, 24 RNs have completed orientation through September 2023, with 22 still currently working in perianesthesia. This represents a retention rate of 92% as compared to a rate of 67% of the new hires in the previous 2 years. Survey results show an increased level of comfort with the new team, and peri-anesthesia specialty, asking questions for their learning experience and increasing confidence to access unit resources. As mentors, Navigators interact with orientees in a more informal setting modeling organizational values, unwritten expectations, and unit norms. The addition of the Orientation Navigator role assists in increasing the orientee's confidence, feelings of support, and retention rates of new hire nurses. Providing mentorship through an evidence-based program, encouraging peer support, socialization with colleagues, and modeling professional behaviors will lead to a seamless enculturation of the orientee, increasing job satisfaction and new orientee retention rates. Creating a culture of inclusion from the beginning of orientation will prevent high nurse turnover rates, increase retention for the institution and improve nurse satisfaction with their new jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing trend toward later toilet training of typically developing children. This trend is a problem for caregivers and professionals who work with young children, because it is associated with a number of costs and health risks in child-care settings. Results of a recent study (Tarbox, Williams, & Friman, 2004) suggest that wearing underwear may facilitate the development of toileting skills. Based on these findings, we examined the effects of wearing disposable diapers, disposable pull-on training pants, and underwear on urinary continence of 5 typically developing toddlers in a child-care setting. Underwear decreased incontinence and increased continent urinations for 2 of the 5 participants, produced no improvement in 2 participants, and when combined with increased fluid intake and longer sitting periods, produced some favorable trends for the 5th participant. DESCRIPTORS: continence, child care, diapers, toileting, underwear

Introduction: X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), characterized by severe hypotonia, weakness, respiratory distress, and early mortality, is rare and natural history studies are few.Methods: RECENSUS is a multicenter chart review of male XLMTM patients characterizing disease burden and unmet medical needs. Data were collected between September 2014 and June 2016.Results: Analysis included 112 patients at six clinical sites. Most recent patient age recorded was ≤18 months for 40 patients and >18 months for 72 patients. Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.7 (3.7) months and 54.3 (77.1) months, respectively. Mortality was 44% (64% ≤18 months; 32% >18 months). Premature delivery occurred in 34/110 (31%) births. Nearly all patients (90%) required respiratory support at birth. In the first year of life, patients underwent an average of 3.7 surgeries and spent 35% of the year in the hospital.Discussion: XLMTM is associated with high mortality, disease burden, and healthcare utilization. Muscle Nerve 57: 550-560, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]