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2. Actively Articulated Wheel-on-Limb Mobility for Traversing Europa Analogue Terrain

Author

Reid, William, Meirion-Griffith, Gareth, Karumanchi, Sisir, Emanuel, Blair, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Bowkett, Joseph, Garrett, Michael, Siciliano, Bruno, Series Editor, Khatib, Oussama, Series Editor, Antonelli, Gianluca, Advisory Editor, Fox, Dieter, Advisory Editor, Harada, Kensuke, Advisory Editor, Hsieh, M. Ani, Advisory Editor, Kröger, Torsten, Advisory Editor, Kulic, Dana, Advisory Editor, Park, Jaeheung, Advisory Editor, Ishigami, Genya, editor, and Yoshida, Kazuya, editor

Published
2021
Full Text
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6. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Hand, Kevin, Jasper, Jay, Daimaru, Taku, Berisford, Daniel, Sercel, Chris, Kim, David, Roberts, Eric, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Shiraishi, Lori, Neamati, Daniel, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Brinkman, Alex, Green, Thomas, Adams, Grayson, and Kobeissi, Brad

Published
2021

7. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Kobeissi, Brad, Adams, Grayson, Green, Thomas, Brinkman, Alex, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Neamati, Daniel, Shiraishi, Lori, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Roberts, Eric, Kim, David, Sercel, Chris, Berisford, Daniel, Daimaru, Taku, Jasper, Jay, and Hand, Kevin

Published
2021

8. Autonomous Navigation over Europa Analogue Terrain for an Actively Articulated Wheel-on-Limb Rover

Author

Meirion-Griffith, Gareth, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Emanuel, Blair, Paton, Michael, and Reid, William

Abstract

The ocean world Europa is a prime target forexploration given its potential habitability [1]. We proposea mobile robotic system that is capable of autonomouslytraversing hundreds of meters to visit multiple sites of intereston a Europan analogue surface. Due to the topology of Europanterrain being largely unknown, it is desired that this mobilitysystem traverse a large variety of terrain types. The mobilitysystem should also be capable of crossing unstructured terrainin an autonomous manner given the communications limitationsbetween Earth and Europa.A wheel-on-limb robotic rover is presented that may activelyconform to terrain features up to 1.5 wheel diameters tall whiledriving. The robot uses a sampling-based motion planner togenerate paths that leverage its unique locomotive capabilities.The planner assesses terrain hazards and wheel workspacelimits as obstacles. It may also select a mobility mode basedon predicted energy usage and the need for limb articulationon the terrain being traversed. This autonomous mobility wasevaluated on the chaotic salt-evaporite terrain found in DeathValley, CA, an analogue to the Europan surface. Over the courseof 38 trials, the rover autonomously traversed 435m of extremeterrain while maintaining a rate of 0.64 traverse ending failuresfor every 10m driven.

Published
2020

10. CITADEL: an icy worlds simulation testbed

Author

Adams, Grayson, Green, Thomas, Brinkman, Alex, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Neamati, Daniel, Shiraishi, Lori, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Roberts, Eric, Kim, David, Sercel, Chris, Berisford, Daniel, Daimaru, Taku, Jasper, Jay, and Hand, Kevin

Published
2020

11. CITADEL: an icy worlds simulation testbed

Author

Hand, Kevin, Jasper, Jay, Daimaru, Taku, Berisford, Daniel, Sercel, Chris, Kim, David, Roberts, Eric, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Shiraishi, Lori, Neamati, Daniel, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Brinkman, Alex, Green, Thomas, and Adams, Grayson

Abstract

Icy Worlds present an exciting target for in-situ sample acquisition and analysis of surface samples for their potential to contain conditions necessary to support life. The unknown surface composition and topography of icy worlds present a challenging environment for which to develop effective sampling systems. Testing such sampling systems in a relevant environment is a critical part of validating and refining their design. We have developed the Cryogenic Ice Testing, Acquisition Development, and Excavation Laboratory (CITADEL) to enable sample acquisition and handling operations in an icy world or primitive body representative environment of <70K and 10-5 Pa.

Published
2020

14. Mobility Mode Evaluation of a Wheel-on-Limb Rover on Glacial Ice Analogous to Europa Terrain

Author

Reid, William, Emanuel, Blair, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Karumanchi, Sisir, and Meirion-Griffith, Gareth

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the development of a multi-modal locomotion system and the results of field trials performed on fractured, glacial ice. Work was performed using the RoboSimian rover: a 32 degree-of-freedom, actively articulated mobility system. Three modes of mobility are compared: wheelrolling, inchworming (push-rolling) and wheel-walking. Each mobility mode is designed to operate with articulated suspension whereby the normal load per wheel, body orientation, and available limb workspace are actively controlled. Each mode is presented individually alongside a discussion of its performance on terrain of varied slope and topographic roughness. Further, the utility of a multi-modal approach is presented, whereby rover immobilization was avoided during field trials through the selection of appropriate mobility modes as a function of terrain properties. Lastly, the results of trials performed using a bodymounted sampling system and its ability to collect and process samples taken 10 cm beneath the surface are discussed.

Published
2020

20. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Adams, Grayson, primary, Green, Thomas, primary, Brinkman, Alex, primary, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, primary, Neamati, Daniel, primary, Shiraishi, Lori, primary, Kriechbaum, Kristo, primary, Roberts, Eric, primary, Kim, David, primary, Sercel, Chris, primary, Berisford, Daniel, primary, Daimaru, Taku, primary, Jasper, Jay, primary, and P Hand, Kevin, primary

Published
2022
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24. Concepts for Mars On-Orbit Robotic Sample Capture and Transfer

Author

Ohta, Preston, McCormick, Ryan, Dolci, Marco, Smith, Russell, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, and Mukherjee, Rudranarayan

Abstract

A potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission could require robotic autonomous capture and manipulation of an Orbital Sample (OS) before returning the samples to Earth. In one scenario, an orbiter would capture the OS, manipulate to a preferential orientation, transition it through the steps required to break-the-chain with Mars, stowing it in a containment vessel or an Earth Entry Vehicle (EEV) and providing redundant containment to the OS (for example by closing and sealing the lid of the EEV). In this paper, we discuss the trade-space of concepts generated for both the individual aspects of capture and manipulation of the OS, as well as concepts for the end-to-end system. Notably, we discuss concepts for OS capture, manipulation of the OS to orient it to a preferred configuration, and steps for transitioning the OS between different stages of manipulation, ultimately securing it in a containment vessel or Earth Entry Vehicle.

Published
2017

25. Science goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept

Author

Hand, Kevin P., Phillips, Cynthia B., Murray, Alison E., Garvin, James B., Maize, Earl H., Gibbs, Roger G., Reeves, Glenn, San Martin, A. Miguel, Tan-Wang, Grace H., Krajewski, Joel, Hurst, Kenneth, Crum, Ray, Kennedy, Brett A., McElrath, Timothy P., Gallon, John C., Sabahi, Dara, Thurman, Sam W., Goldstein, Barry, Estabrook, Polly, Lee, Steven W., Dooley, Jennifer A., Brinckerhoff, William B., Edgett, Kenneth S., German, Christopher R., Hoehler, Tori M., Hörst, Sarah M., Lunine, Jonathan I., Paranicas, Christopher, Nealson, Kenneth H., Smith, David E., Templeton, Alexis S., Russell, Michael J., Schmidt, Britney E., Christner, Brent C., Ehlmann, Bethany L., Hayes, Alexander, Rhoden, Alyssa, Willis, Peter, Yingst, R. Aileen, Craft, Kate, Cameron, Marissa E., Nordheim, Tom A., Pitesky, Jo, Scully, Jennifer, Hofgartner, Jason D., Sell, Steve W., Barltrop, Kevin J., Izraelevitz, Jacob, Brandon, Erik J., Seong, J., Jones, John-Paul, Pasalic, Jasmina, Billings, Keith J., Ruiz, John Paul, Bugga, Ratnakumar V., Graham, Dan, Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, Deidre, Drummond, Mai, Aghazarian, Hrand, Andersen, Allen J., Andersen, Kayla B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, Alessandra, Backes, Paul G., Bailey, Elizabeth S., Balentine, Daniel, Ballard, Christopher G., Berisford, Daniel F., Bhandari, Pradeep, Blackwood, Krys, Bolotin, Gary S., Bovre, Emilee A., Bowkett, Joseph, Boykins, Kobie T., Bramble, Michael S., Brice, Timothy M., Briggs, Paul, Brinkman, Alexander P., Brooks, Shawn M., Buffington, Brent B., Burns, Brandon, Cable, Morgan L., Campagnola,Stefano, Cangahuala, Laureano A., Carr, Gregory A., Casani, John R., Chahat, Nacer E., Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan K., Cheng, Yun-Ting, Chien, Steve A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, Moogega, Dinicola, Michael, Clement, Brian G., Dean, Zachary S., Cullimore, Emily A., Curtis, Aaron G., de la Croix, Jean-Pierre, Di Pasquale, Peter, Dodd, Emma M., Dubord, Luke A., Edlund, Jeffrey A., Ellyin, Raymond, Emanuel, Blair, Foster, Jeffrey T., Ganino, Anthony J., Garner, Gregory J., Gibson, Matt T., Gildner, Matt, Glazebrook, Kenneth J., Greco, Martin E., Green, W. M., Hatch, Sara J., Hetzel, Mark M., Hoey, William A., Hofmann, Amy E., Ionasescu, Rodica, Jain, Abhinandan, Jasper, Jay D., Johannesen, Jennie R., Johnson, Glenn K., Jun, Insoo, Katake, Anup B., Kim-Castet, So Young, Kim, David Inkyu, Kim, Wousik, Klonicki, Emily F., Kobeissi, Brad, Kobie, Bryan D., Kochocki, Joseph, Kokorowski, Michael, Kosberg, Jacob A., Kriechbaum, Kristopher, Kulkarni, Tejas P., Lam, Rebekah L., Landau, Damon F., Lattimore, Myra A., Laubach, Sharon L., Lawler, Christopher R., Lim, Grace, Li, Jui-Lin, Litwin, Todd E., Lo, Martin W., Logan, Cambria A., Maghasoudi, Elham, Mandrake, Lukas, Marchetti, Yuliya, Marteau, Eloise, Maxwell, Kimberly A., McNamee, John B., McIntyre, Ocean, Meacham, Michael, Melko, Joseph P., Mueller, Juergen, Muliere, David, Mysore, Aprameya, Nash, Jeremy, Ono, Masahiro, Parker, Jay M., Perkins, Rebecca C., Petropoulos, Anastassios E., Gaut, Aaron, Piette Gomez, Marie Y., Casillas, Raul Polit, Preudhomme, Michael, Pyrzak, Guy, Rapinchuk, Jacqueline, Ratliff, John Martin, Ray, T. L., Roberts, Eric T., Roffo, Kenneth, Roth, Duane C., Russino, Joseph A., Schmidt, Tyler M., Schoppers, Marcel J., Senent, Juan S., Serricchio, Fred, Sheldon, Douglas J., Shiraishi, Lori R., Shirvanian, James, Siegel, Katherine J., Singh, Gurjeet, Sirota, Allen R., Skulsky, Eli D., Stehly, Joseph S., Strange, Nathan J., Stevens, Sarah U., Sunada, Eric T., Tepsuporn, Scott P., Tosi, Luis Phillipe C., Trawny, Nikolas, Uchenik, Igor, Verma, Vandi, Volpe, Richard A., Wagner, Caleb T., Wang, D., Willson, Reg G., Wolff, John Luke, Wong, A. T., Zimmer, Aline K., Sukhatme, Kalyani G., Bago, Kevin A., Chen, Yang, Deardorff, Alyssa M., Kuch, Roger S., Lim, Christopher, Syvertson, Marguerite L., Arakaki, Genji A., Avila, Art, DeBruin, Kevin J., Frick, Andreas, Harris, Joby R., Heverly, Matthew C., Kawata, Jessie M., Kim‬, Sung-Kyun, Kipp, Devin M., Murphy, Juliana, Smith, Matthew W., Spaulding, Matthew D., Thakker, Rohan, Warner, Noah Z., Yahnker, Chris R., Young, M. E., Magner, Tom, Adams, Danica, Bedini, Peter, Mehr, Lauren, Sheldon, Colin, Vernon, Steven, Bailey, Vince, Briere, Marc, Butler, Michael, Davis, Amanda, Ensor, Susan, Gannon, Michele, Haapala-Chalk, Amanda, Hartka, Ted, Holdridge, Mark, Hong, Albert, Hunt, J., Iskow, Joe, Kahler, Faith, Murray, Kimberly, Napolillo, David, Norkus, Michael, Pfisterer, Rick, Porter, Jamie, Roth, David, Schwartz, Paul, Wolfarth, Lawrence, Cardiff, Eric, Davis, Anita, Grob, Eric W., Adam, Jason R., Betts, Erin, Norwood, Jason, Heller, M. M., Voskuilen, Tyler, Sakievich, Philip, Gray, L., Hansen, D. J., Irick, Kevin W., Hewson, John C., Lamb, Joshua, Stacy, S. C., Brotherton, Chris M., Tappan, Alexander S., Benally, Darryl, Thigpen, Hannah, Ortiz, Erick, Sandoval, Dan, Ison, Aaron M., Warren, M., Stromberg, Peter G., Thelen, Paul Mark, Blasy, B., Nandy, Prabal, Haddad, Alexandria W., Trujillo, Lynna B., Wiseley, T. H., Bell, S. A., Teske, Nicholas P., Post, C., Torres-Castro, Loraine, Grosso, Chris, Wasiolek, Maryla, Hand, Kevin P., Phillips, Cynthia B., Murray, Alison E., Garvin, James B., Maize, Earl H., Gibbs, Roger G., Reeves, Glenn, San Martin, A. Miguel, Tan-Wang, Grace H., Krajewski, Joel, Hurst, Kenneth, Crum, Ray, Kennedy, Brett A., McElrath, Timothy P., Gallon, John C., Sabahi, Dara, Thurman, Sam W., Goldstein, Barry, Estabrook, Polly, Lee, Steven W., Dooley, Jennifer A., Brinckerhoff, William B., Edgett, Kenneth S., German, Christopher R., Hoehler, Tori M., Hörst, Sarah M., Lunine, Jonathan I., Paranicas, Christopher, Nealson, Kenneth H., Smith, David E., Templeton, Alexis S., Russell, Michael J., Schmidt, Britney E., Christner, Brent C., Ehlmann, Bethany L., Hayes, Alexander, Rhoden, Alyssa, Willis, Peter, Yingst, R. Aileen, Craft, Kate, Cameron, Marissa E., Nordheim, Tom A., Pitesky, Jo, Scully, Jennifer, Hofgartner, Jason D., Sell, Steve W., Barltrop, Kevin J., Izraelevitz, Jacob, Brandon, Erik J., Seong, J., Jones, John-Paul, Pasalic, Jasmina, Billings, Keith J., Ruiz, John Paul, Bugga, Ratnakumar V., Graham, Dan, Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, Deidre, Drummond, Mai, Aghazarian, Hrand, Andersen, Allen J., Andersen, Kayla B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, Alessandra, Backes, Paul G., Bailey, Elizabeth S., Balentine, Daniel, Ballard, Christopher G., Berisford, Daniel F., Bhandari, Pradeep, Blackwood, Krys, Bolotin, Gary S., Bovre, Emilee A., Bowkett, Joseph, Boykins, Kobie T., Bramble, Michael S., Brice, Timothy M., Briggs, Paul, Brinkman, Alexander P., Brooks, Shawn M., Buffington, Brent B., Burns, Brandon, Cable, Morgan L., Campagnola,Stefano, Cangahuala, Laureano A., Carr, Gregory A., Casani, John R., Chahat, Nacer E., Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan K., Cheng, Yun-Ting, Chien, Steve A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, Moogega, Dinicola, Michael, Clement, Brian G., Dean, Zachary S., Cullimore, Emily A., Curtis, Aaron G., de la Croix, Jean-Pierre, Di Pasquale, Peter, Dodd, Emma M., Dubord, Luke A., Edlund, Jeffrey A., Ellyin, Raymond, Emanuel, Blair, Foster, Jeffrey T., Ganino, Anthony J., Garner, Gregory J., Gibson, Matt T., Gildner, Matt, Glazebrook, Kenneth J., Greco, Martin E., Green, W. M., Hatch, Sara J., Hetzel, Mark M., Hoey, William A., Hofmann, Amy E., Ionasescu, Rodica, Jain, Abhinandan, Jasper, Jay D., Johannesen, Jennie R., Johnson, Glenn K., Jun, Insoo, Katake, Anup B., Kim-Castet, So Young, Kim, David Inkyu, Kim, Wousik, Klonicki, Emily F., Kobeissi, Brad, Kobie, Bryan D., Kochocki, Joseph, Kokorowski, Michael, Kosberg, Jacob A., Kriechbaum, Kristopher, Kulkarni, Tejas P., Lam, Rebekah L., Landau, Damon F., Lattimore, Myra A., Laubach, Sharon L., Lawler, Christopher R., Lim, Grace, Li, Jui-Lin, Litwin, Todd E., Lo, Martin W., Logan, Cambria A., Maghasoudi, Elham, Mandrake, Lukas, Marchetti, Yuliya, Marteau, Eloise, Maxwell, Kimberly A., McNamee, John B., McIntyre, Ocean, Meacham, Michael, Melko, Joseph P., Mueller, Juergen, Muliere, David, Mysore, Aprameya, Nash, Jeremy, Ono, Masahiro, Parker, Jay M., Perkins, Rebecca C., Petropoulos, Anastassios E., Gaut, Aaron, Piette Gomez, Marie Y., Casillas, Raul Polit, Preudhomme, Michael, Pyrzak, Guy, Rapinchuk, Jacqueline, Ratliff, John Martin, Ray, T. L., Roberts, Eric T., Roffo, Kenneth, Roth, Duane C., Russino, Joseph A., Schmidt, Tyler M., Schoppers, Marcel J., Senent, Juan S., Serricchio, Fred, Sheldon, Douglas J., Shiraishi, Lori R., Shirvanian, James, Siegel, Katherine J., Singh, Gurjeet, Sirota, Allen R., Skulsky, Eli D., Stehly, Joseph S., Strange, Nathan J., Stevens, Sarah U., Sunada, Eric T., Tepsuporn, Scott P., Tosi, Luis Phillipe C., Trawny, Nikolas, Uchenik, Igor, Verma, Vandi, Volpe, Richard A., Wagner, Caleb T., Wang, D., Willson, Reg G., Wolff, John Luke, Wong, A. T., Zimmer, Aline K., Sukhatme, Kalyani G., Bago, Kevin A., Chen, Yang, Deardorff, Alyssa M., Kuch, Roger S., Lim, Christopher, Syvertson, Marguerite L., Arakaki, Genji A., Avila, Art, DeBruin, Kevin J., Frick, Andreas, Harris, Joby R., Heverly, Matthew C., Kawata, Jessie M., Kim‬, Sung-Kyun, Kipp, Devin M., Murphy, Juliana, Smith, Matthew W., Spaulding, Matthew D., Thakker, Rohan, Warner, Noah Z., Yahnker, Chris R., Young, M. E., Magner, Tom, Adams, Danica, Bedini, Peter, Mehr, Lauren, Sheldon, Colin, Vernon, Steven, Bailey, Vince, Briere, Marc, Butler, Michael, Davis, Amanda, Ensor, Susan, Gannon, Michele, Haapala-Chalk, Amanda, Hartka, Ted, Holdridge, Mark, Hong, Albert, Hunt, J., Iskow, Joe, Kahler, Faith, Murray, Kimberly, Napolillo, David, Norkus, Michael, Pfisterer, Rick, Porter, Jamie, Roth, David, Schwartz, Paul, Wolfarth, Lawrence, Cardiff, Eric, Davis, Anita, Grob, Eric W., Adam, Jason R., Betts, Erin, Norwood, Jason, Heller, M. M., Voskuilen, Tyler, Sakievich, Philip, Gray, L., Hansen, D. J., Irick, Kevin W., Hewson, John C., Lamb, Joshua, Stacy, S. C., Brotherton, Chris M., Tappan, Alexander S., Benally, Darryl, Thigpen, Hannah, Ortiz, Erick, Sandoval, Dan, Ison, Aaron M., Warren, M., Stromberg, Peter G., Thelen, Paul Mark, Blasy, B., Nandy, Prabal, Haddad, Alexandria W., Trujillo, Lynna B., Wiseley, T. H., Bell, S. A., Teske, Nicholas P., Post, C., Torres-Castro, Loraine, Grosso, Chris, and Wasiolek, Maryla

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hand, K., Phillips, C., Murray, A., Garvin, J., Maize, E., Gibbs, R., Reeves, G., San Martin, A., Tan-Wang, G., Krajewski, J., Hurst, K., Crum, R., Kennedy, B., McElrath, T., Gallon, J., Sabahi, D., Thurman, S., Goldstein, B., Estabrook, P., Lee, S. W., Dooley, J. A., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Edgett, K. S., German, C. R., Hoehler, T. M., Hörst, S. M., Lunine, J. I., Paranicas, C., Nealson, K., Smith, D. E., Templeton, A. S., Russell, M. J., Schmidt, B., Christner, B., Ehlmann, B., Hayes, A., Rhoden, A., Willis, P., Yingst, R. A., Craft, K., Cameron, M. E., Nordheim, T., Pitesky, J., Scully, J., Hofgartner, J., Sell, S. W., Barltrop, K. J., Izraelevitz, J., Brandon, E. J., Seong, J., Jones, J.-P., Pasalic, J., Billings, K. J., Ruiz, J. P., Bugga, R. V., Graham, D., Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, D., Drummond, M., Aghazarian, H., Andersen, A. J., Andersen, K. B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, A., Backes, P. G., Bailey, E. S., Balentine, D., Ballard, C. G., Berisford, D. F., Bhandari, P., Blackwood, K., Bolotin, G. S., Bovre, E. A., Bowkett, J., Boykins, K. T., Bramble, M. S., Brice, T. M., Briggs, P., Brinkman, A. P., Brooks, S. M., Buffington, B. B., Burns, B., Cable, M. L., Campagnola, S., Cangahuala, L. A., Carr, G. A., Casani, J. R., Chahat, N. E., Chamberlain-Simon, B. K., Cheng, Y., Chien, S. A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, M., DiNicola, M., Clement, B., Dean, Z., Cullimore, E. A., Curtis, A. G., Croix, J-P. de la, Pasquale, P. Di, Dodd, E. M., Dubord, L. A., Edlund, J. A., Ellyin, R., Emanuel, B., Foster, J. T., Ganino, A. J., Garner, G. J., Gibson, M. T., Gildner, M., Glazebrook, K. J., Greco, M. E., Green, W. M., Hatch, S. J., Hetzel, M. M., Hoey, W. A., Hofmann, A. E., Ionasescu, R., Jain, A., Jasper, J. D., Johannesen, J. R., Johnson, G. K., Jun, I., Katake, A. B., Kim-Castet, S. Y., Kim, D. I., Kim, W., Klonicki, E. F., Kobeis, Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa's icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule., K.P.H., C.B.P., E.M., and all authors affiliated with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory carried out this research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant No. 80NM0018D0004). J.I.L. was the David Baltimore Distinguished Visiting Scientist during the preparation of the SDT report. JPL/Caltech2021.

Published
2022

27. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Adams, Grayson, primary, Green, Thomas, additional, Brinkman, Alex, additional, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, additional, Neamati, Daniel, additional, Shiraishi, Lori, additional, Kriechbaum, Kristo, additional, Roberts, Eric, additional, Kim, David, additional, Sercel, Chris, additional, Berisford, Daniel, additional, Daimaru, Taku, additional, Jasper, Jay, additional, and Hand, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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33. Source to Sink study at continent-scale: Africa since 145 Ma

Author

Robin, Cécile, Guillocheau, François, Baby, Guillaume, Simon, Brendan, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubigeon, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; A source to sink study was performed at the scale of Africa based on (1) the measurement of the compactedsiliciclastic sediment volumes preserved in the African Basins (margins, rifts, intracratonic), for the sink (see forthe method in Guillocheau et al., 2012, Basin Research) and (2) the measurement of the eroded volumes obtainedby the difference of elevation between the modern topography and remarkable deformed planation surfaces(etchplains or pediplains), for the source (see for the method in Guillocheau et al., 2018, Gondwana Research).Two main planation surfaces of Upper Cretaceous and Middle Eocene age were mapped. They are weatheringsurfaces (etchplains) known as the African Surface(s).(1) The sink analysis shows evidences of three periods of major denudation of Africa during Early Cretaceous(145-125 Ma, Berriasian-Barremian), Late Cretaceous (94-80 Ma) and uppermost Eocene to today (40-0 Ma).They record major Africa-scale uplifts related to mantle dynamics. The Cenozoic is a period of increase of thesiliciclastic sediment volumes with a paroxysm during Plio-Pleistocene (5.5-0 Ma), here related to the dynamic ofthe Southern African superplume and not to climate changes.(2) The range of the sedimentation rates is between 5 and 80 x 103 km3/Ma, i.e. the rates of passive margin out ofdirect feeding by active mountain belts.(2) The analysis of the denudation through time shows two different spatial patterns: from 94 to 80 Ma, denudationis located all over Africa and from 40 to 0 Ma, only along the “coastal” plain of Africa (with the noticeableexception of the Congo catchment). This is interpreted as different modes of plate deformation and relief growth.(3) The source to sink budgets has been performed on the catchment of the Congo, Orange, Zambezi and EastAfrican rivers from 94-80 Ma to today. Surprisingly, they show equilibrated balances, suggesting low chemicalerosion and/or neoformation of sedimentary particles (mainly clays: kaolinites to smectites) from the solutes alongthe sediment routing system.

Published
2019

34. Cenozoic palaeogeography of Africa: a record of mantle dynamic and isostatic rebounds

Author

Guillocheau, François, Robin, Cécile, Baby, Guillaume, Simon, Brendan, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubigeon, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; Palaeogeographic maps at Africa-scale were drawn with a first attempt of palaeotopographic reconstructions andquantification. This was based on (1) mapping and dating of stepped planation surfaces of pediment/pediplainand etchplain types and (2) the assumption that these stepped planation surfaces result from uplifts combinedwith climatic changes leading to periods of more intense erosion for shaping the pediments/pediplains (see formore arguments Guillocheau et al., 2018, Gondwana Research). Six time intervals were mapped (1) 59-56 Ma(Late Paleocene), (2) 48-41 Ma (Middle Eocene), (3) 34-28 (Early Oligocene), (4) 23-16 Ma (Early Miocene), (5)11-5Ma (Late Miocene) and (6) 5-3 Ma (Early Pliocene). The main outcomes are as follows.(1) Pre-existing relief were created during a major period of uplift during Upper Cretaceous times with remnantsalong the Southern African Plateau (important remnant topography), the future East African and Ethiopian Domesand the Guinean Rise.(2) Paleocene to Late Eocene (66-40Ma) was the time interval during which Africa is (i) near sea level except theremnant relief mentioned before and (ii) intensely weathered.(3) Late Eocene (40 Ma) was a major palaeogeographic reorganization with the initiation of the modern drainages.(4) Oligocene to today (40-0 Ma) was a period of Africa-scale uplifts that reach a paroxysm during uppermostMiocene-lowermost Pliocene times (around 5 Ma).The wavelength of the topographies created since 40 Ma are higher than 1000 km and sometimes longer (e.g.all North Africa). This means that their causes of uplift can only be related to mantle dynamics. Nevertheless,denudation data (e.g. thermochronology) shows that most of the denudation was located along the “coastal” plainsof Africa or on the rift flanks (with the noticeable exception of the Congo catchment).These observations suggest that the South African superplume had a significant role in the growth of thesetopographies since 40 Ma, with a propagation of the superplume toward the north and a progressive spreadingbelow the North African lithosphere during the locking of Africa Plate with Eurasia Plate. The initiation of theuplift at 40 Ma localized the erosion along the “coastal” plains, enhanced from 40 Ma to today by isostaticrebounds and modulated by plate-scale deformation and/or major climatic changes

Published
2019

35. Passive margin stratigraphy for numerical models calibration: diffusion coefficient measurements in the Ogooué (Gabon) and Zambezi (Mozambique) deltas

Author

Simon, Brendan, Robin, Cécile, Rouby, Delphine, Braun, Jean, Guillocheau, François, Xiaoping, Yuan, Dall'Asta, Massimo, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), TotalFinaElf, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Ogooué, Diffusion Coefficient, Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Zambezi, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Passive Margins
Abstract

International audience; One major and under-appreciated aspect of stratigraphic modeling by diffusion process is the range of diffusion coefficients used to simulate natural examples without considering their meaning in term of transport and deposition processes. Most of the time, stratigraphic simulation tools are indeed used as a semi-inversion tool based on a "best-fit" approach to reproduce well-constrained sedimentary architectures. The aim of this work is to consolidate inputs of stratigraphic numerical modeling such as stratigraphic architectures, slopes of sedimentary systems, grain-size distributions and diffusion co- efficients calibrated on natural examples of passive margin deltas: the Plio-Pleistocene Ogooué Delta in Gabon and the Mio- to Pleistocene Zambezi Delta in Mozambique. We calculate diffusion coefficients from high resolution seismic stratigraphy and well analyses in three-steps: (1) calibration of sand/shale ratio variations (from wells) along the depositional profile; (2) restoration of the slope of sedimentary systems at time of deposition (including differential compaction corrections); (3) calculation of accumulation rates using a high resolution age model and quantification of uncompacted volumes for each time step in various stratigraphic context. Most of calculated diffusion coefficients range over two orders of magnitude (x0,01 to 10 km2/ka), in agreement with most of the published diffusion process-based stratigraphic modeling (x0,0001 to x10 km2/ka). Our results suggest that: (1)621neither the stratigraphic context nor the sand/clay ratio impact the diffusion coefficients but, (2) they strongly depend on the slopes along the de- positional profiles. We also observe (3) a high variability of coefficients on the shelf and the basin floor that could reflect the occurrence of sedimentary processes that cannot be simplified to a simple diffusion (e.g. waves or flood on the shelf; oceanic currents, turbiditic channels or hemipelagites in the most distal domain). We use the diffusion coefficients values to calibrate the stratigraphic model developed by Yuan et al. (COLORS project, funded by Total) based on Bayesian inversions and optimization scheme of geometrical parameters of observed stratigraphic architectures (such as the angle of migration of the offlap-break or slope variations along depositional profiles).

Published
2018

36. Passive margin stratigraphy for numerical models calibration: diffusion coefficient measurements in the Ogooué delta, Gabon

Author

Simon, Brendan, Robin, Cécile, Rouby, Delphine, Guillocheau, François, Yuan, Xiaoping, Braun, Jean, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; One major and under-appreciated aspect of stratigraphic modeling by diffusion process is the wide range ofdiffusion coefficients used to simulate natural examples without considering their meaning in term of transportand deposition processes. Most of the time, stratigraphic simulation tools are indeed used as a semi-inversion toolbased on a “best-fit” approach to reproduce well-constrained sedimentary architectures.The aim of this work is to consolidate inputs of stratigraphic numerical modeling such as stratigraphic architectures,slopes of sedimentary systems, grain-size distributions and diffusion coefficients calibrated on anatural example of passive margin delta: the Plio-Pleistocene Ogooué Delta in Gabon.We calculate diffusion coefficients from high resolution seismic stratigraphy and well analyses in threesteps:(1) calibration sand/shale ratio variations (from wells) along the depositional profile; (2) restoration of theslope of sedimentary systems at time of deposition (including differential compaction corrections); (3) calculationof accumulation rates using a high resolution age model and quantification of uncompacted volumes for each timestep in various stratigraphic context.Calculated diffusion coefficients range over two orders of magnitude (x0,01 to x1 km2/ka), i.e. less thanthe range proposed in published diffusion processed-based stratigraphic modeling (x0,0001 to x10 km2/ka). Ourresults suggest that: (1) neither the stratigraphic context nor the sand/clay ratio impact the diffusion coefficientsbut, (2) they strongly depend on the slopes along the depositional profiles.We also observe (3) a high variability ofcoefficients on the shelf and the basin floor that could reflect the occurrence of sedimentary processes that cannotbe simplified to a simple diffusion (e.g. oceanic currents, turbiditic channels).We use the diffusion coefficients values to calibrate the stratigraphic model developed by Yuan et al. (COLORSproject) based on Bayesian inversions and optimization scheme of geometrical parameters of observed stratigraphicarchitectures (such as the angle of migration of the offlap-break or slope variations along depositionalprofiles).

Published
2018

38. LINKING CONTINENTAL EROSION AND MARINE MULTI-LITHOLOGYCOUPLING TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION: AN APPLICATION TO THEOGOOUÉ DELTA, GABON

Author

Xiaoping, Yuan, Braun, Jean, Guerit, Laure, Simon, Brendan, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
Abstract

International audience; Limited attention has been given to linking continental erosion to marine transport and sedimentation inlarge-scale landscape evolution models. Although either of the two environments has been thoroughlyinvestigated, the details of how erosional events are recorded in the sedimentary and stratigraphic records havenot been studied in a consistent quantitative manner. Here we present results obtained from a new numericalmodel for marine multi-lithology (sand and silt) coupling transport and deposition that is directly coupled toFastScape, a landscape evolution model that solves the continental stream power law and hillslope diffusionequation using fully implicit and O(n) algorithms. The model of marine multi-lithology coupling transport anddeposition is simulated by a nonlinear 2D diffusion model where a source term represents mass flux arisingfrom continental river erosion. We are trying to develop a Bayesian inversion and optimisation scheme withsynthetic data to validate the model. The efficient model will then be used to undertake an inversion ofstratigraphic data on a natural example, Ogooué Delta, Gabon, by performing a large number of simulations.By comparing cross-section of that delta and sand and silt fraction through depth, the transport coefficients ofsand and silt in the ocean environment and variations in sea level are hopefully obtained. Using our model, wewill not only show the manner in which the stratigraphic record of the Ogooué Delta responds to tectonic andclimate events on adjacent continents but also shows how it is controlled by the coefficients for continentalriver erosion, and better constrains the nature and timing of erosional events

Published
2017

39. PASSIVE MARGIN STRATIGRAPHY FOR NUMERICAL MODELSCALIBRATION: COEFFICIENT OF DIFFUSION MEASUREMENT IN THEOGOOUÉ DELTA (GABON)

Author

Simon, Brendan, Robin, Cécile, Rouby, Delphine, Guillocheau, François, Braun, Jean, Gout, Claude, Cornu, Tristan, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Total E&P, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; One major and undepreciated point in diffusion process-based stratigraphic modelling is the large rangeof coefficients of diffusion used to reproduce natural examples without considering their meaning and theirvalidity in term of transport and deposition processes. Most of the time, present-day stratigraphic models arenot used as real forward models but more as a tool to make semi-inversion based on a “best-fit” approach toreproduce well-constrained sedimentary systems.The aim of this work is to consolidate inputs of stratigraphic numerical modelling by calibrations baseda natural passive margin deltaic system: the relative small and structurally well delimited Cenozoic post-riftOgooué Delta in Gabon. From seismic and wells analyses, this system evolves from Paleogene aggrading rampto a significant deltaic progradation resulting from a major Lower Miocene uplift.Calculations from high resolution seismic stratigraphy and wells analysis are performed in three steps:(1) measurement of the sand/shale ratio evolution (calibrated on wells) along the depositional profile; (2)restoration of the slope at time of deposition (including correction of differential compaction); (3) calculationof depositional fluxes using a basin-scale age model at the highest time resolution possible and quantificationof uncompacted volumes for each time slice and stratigraphic context considered (ratio betweenaccommodation and sedimentation).Diffusion coefficient values range over one order of magnitude (0.1 to 1 km2/Ka), that is to say, showless variability than values classically used in published diffusion processed-based stratigraphic modelling(x0.0001 to x10 km2/Ka). These results also suggest (1) low influence of stratigraphic context on coefficientof diffusion values, (2) higher values of coefficients for the most proximal (shelf) and distal (basin floor) partsof the depositional profile and (2) an increase of coefficient values for clayey dominated facies.

Published
2017

40. THE LAKE ALBERT RIFT (UGANDA, EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM):SEDIMENT BUDGET, DEFORMATION, BASIN AND RELIEF EVOLUTIONSINCE 17 MA

Author

Simon, Brendan, Guillocheau, François, Robin, Cécile, Dauteuil, Olivier, Dall’asta, Massimo, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TOTAL S.A., TOTAL FINA ELF, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubigeon, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
Abstract

International audience; The purpose of this study was to quantify the sediment budget, from the catchment to the basin, of anintra-continental rift: the Albertine Rift system located at the northern part of the western branch of the EastAfrican Rift. The measurement of deposited volumes of sediments is based on the basin infilling study whichconsists on both subsurface data and outcrops analysis. The main objectives were (1) to obtain an age modelbased on onshore mammals biozones and (2) to reconstruct the 3D architecture of the rift using sequencestratigraphy correlations and seismic data interpretation. Deformation evolution of the rift through times ischaracterized according to seismic interpretation and to the distribution and quantification of theaccommodation for several time intervals. Two major unconformities were identified and dated at 6.2 Ma(Uppermost Miocene) and 2.7 Ma (Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary), coeval with major subsidence and climaticchanges.The landforms analysis is based on the characterization, relative dating (geometrical re- lationships withvolcanism) and 3D mapping of Ugandan landforms which consist of stepped planation surfaces (etchplainsand pediplains) and incised valleys.We here proposed a seven-steps reconstruction of the deformation-erosion-sedimentation re- lationshipsof the Lake Albert Basin and its catchments.- 500m/Ma up to 600-800 m/Ma; sedimentationrate: 2.4 km3/Ma) – rifting climax;- 2.7-0.4 Ma (Lower to Middle Pleistocene): rift stage 2; uplift of the Ruwenzori Mountains andshifting from an alluvial system to a network of bedrock river incisions (subsidence rate: 450 to 250 m/Ma;sedimentation rate: 1.5 km3/Ma);- 0.4-0 Ma (Middle to Upper Pleistocene): long wavelength downwarping of the Tanzanian Craton,initiation of the Lake Victoria trough, drainage network inversion and uplift of the present-day Ugandanescarpment.The sediment budget is successful with, between 17 and 2.7 Ma, an excess of 16 % of up-streameroded material compared to the sediment volume deposited that can be explained by the chemical erosionprevailing at this period in Central Africa. The significant (60%) opposite difference between 2.7 and 0 Mamay be the consequence of a high sediment supply resulting from the erosion of the uplifted RuwenzoriMountains.

Published
2017

41. Sediment budget on African passive margins: a record of margin bulges and far field very long wavelength deformations

Author

Guillocheau, François, Robin, Cécile, Baby, Guillaume, Simon, Brendan, Rouby, Delphine, Loparev, Artiom, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), European Geosciences Union, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; The post-rift siliciclastic sediment budget of passive margins is a function of (1) the deformation (uplift) of theupstream catchment, of (2) the climate (precipitation) regime and of (3) the oceanic circulation (mainly sinceMiocene times). The main questions in source to sink studies are (1) to quantify the relative importance of theerosion due to uplifts or to precipitation changes and (2) to characterize the source of the sediments.A source to sink study was carried out in Western, Central and Austral Africa, characterized by anorogenic relief(plains and plateaus) that record long (several 100 km) to very long (several 1000 km) wavelength deformationsrespectively of lithospheric and mantle origin.The sink measurement was based on seismic lines and wells (industrial – IODP) using the VolumeEstimatorsoftware including the calculation of the uncertainties (Guillocheau et al., 2013, Basin Research). The source studywas performed using dated stepped planation surfaces (etchplains and pediplains), mappable at catchments-scale(Guillocheau et al., in press, Gondwana Research).Results: (1) Deformation (uplift) is the dominant control of the sediment budget. Climate (precipitation) changesonly enhance or inhibit a deformation-controlled flux. (2) The sources of siliciclastic sediments are either closedmarginal bulges or far field domes due to mantle dynamics with river by-passing over long-lasting polygenicsurfaces located between the bulges and domes.Two main periods of African-scale deformations (contemporaneous with an increase of the sedimentary flux)are confirmed, one during Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) and the second around the Eocene-Oligoceneboundary with a gap and intense chemical erosion from 75 Ma and mainly from 65 to 40 Ma.

Published
2017

42. Testbeds and technologies for potential Mars orbital sample capture and manipulation

Author

Mukherjee, Rudranarayan, primary, Abcouwer, Neil, additional, Brinkman, Alex, additional, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, additional, Dolci, Marco, additional, Emanuel, Blair, additional, Gross, Johannes, additional, Jones, Lewis, additional, Kim, Junggon, additional, Mayo, John, additional, Ohta, Preston, additional, Sanigepalli, SaiAdiVishnu, additional, Shen, Vivian, additional, Smith, Russell, additional, Ubellacker, Wyatt, additional, and Wehage, Kristopher, additional

Published
2018
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44. A SOURCE TO SINK MEASUREMENT METHODIN ANOROGENIC SETTINGS

Author

Robin, Cécile, Guillocheau, François, Braun, Jean, Rouby, Delphine, Simon, Brendan, Bessin, Paul, Baby, Guillaume, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Géosciences Le Mans (LPG - Le Mans), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Géosciences-Rennes, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; We developed a double method for measuring both deposited sediment volumes (sink) basedon basins stratigraphy and eroded rock volumes in upstream catchments (source) based ongeomorphology. This method was drafted in Africa - characterized by large plateaus and plainssurrounded by passive margins and interior basins (sags and rifts) - in the frame of the TopoAfricaproject funded by the French Research Agency ANR.Measurement of deposited sediment volumes: This measurement is based on subsurfacedata (seismic lines and wells) in passive margin or rifts/sags.• Biostratigraphic dating of reference wells and definition of a regional sequence stratigraphicframework based on key seismic lines,• Isochore maps from the regional propagation of key time-lines,• Depth conversion of the isochore to isopach maps,• Compaction of the sediments (knowledge of the lithology and the porosity),• Measurement of the compacted volumes and quantification of the uncertainties basedon the software Volume Estimator developed by J. Braun.Measurement of the eroded volumes: This study is based on the mapping of the characteristiclandforms of the anorogenic reliefs: the planation surfaces.• Analysis and relative chronology of the different stepped planation surfaces: etchplainsand pediments/pediplains, and their associated incised valleys,• Dating of the planation surfaces based on the dating (when they exist) of (1) the thinsediment covers, (2) the contemporaneous magmatism and/or (3) the weathering profiles(magnetostratigraphy, geochronology, chemostratigraphy..),• Mapping of the relevant planation surfaces,• Reconstruction of the successive topographies by restoring the initial shape of the erodedplanation surfaces by younger landforms,• Measurement of the eroded volumes.

Published
2016

45. A «SOURCE TO SINK» APPROACH OF THE LAKE ALBERT RIFT(UGANDA, EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM):RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEDIMENTARY BASINAND UPSTREAM LANDFORMS

Author

Simon, Brendan, Guillocheau, François, Robin, Cécile, Dauteuil, Olivier, Dall’Asta, Massimo, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TOTAL S.A., TOTAL FINA ELF, Géosciences-Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubigeon, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
Abstract

International audience; This study is based on a coupled basin infilling study and a landforms analysis of the LakeAlbert Rift located at the northern part of the western branch of the East African Rift.The basin infilling study is based on both subsurface data and outcrops analysis. Theobjective was to (1) actualize age model, (2) to reconstruct the 3D architecture of the rift usingsequence stratigraphy correlations and seismic data interpretation, (3) to characterize the deformationand its changes through times and (4) to quantify the accommodation for severaltime intervals. The infilling essentially consists of isopach fault-bounded units composed oflacustrine deposits wherein were characterized two major unconformities dated at 6.2 Ma (UppermostMiocene) and 2.7 Ma (Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary), coeval with major subsidenceand climatic changes.The landforms analysis is based on the characterization and relative dating of Ugandanlandforms which consist of stepped planation surfaces and incised valleys.We here proposed a seven-steps reconstruction of the deformation-erosion-sedimentationrelationships of the Lake Albert Basin and its catchments:- 55-45 Ma: formation of laterites corresponding to the African Surface during the veryhumid period of the Lower-Middle Eocene;- 45-22: stripping of the African Surface in response of the beginning of the East-AfricanDome uplift and formation of a pediplain which associated base level is the AtlanticOcean;- 17-2.5 Ma: Initiation of the Lake Albert Basin around 17 Ma and creation of local baselevels (Lake Albert, Edward and George) on which three pediplains tend to adapt;- 18—16 Ma to 6.2 Ma: «Flexural» stage (subsidence rate: 150-200 m/Ma; sedimentationrate 1.3 km3/Ma between 17 and 12 Ma and 0.6 km3/Ma from 12 to 6 Ma) – depocenterslocation (southern part of Lake Albert Basin) poorly controlled by fault;- 6.2 Ma to 2.5 Ma: Rift stage 1 (subsidence rate: > 500m/Ma up to 600-800 m/Ma; sedimentationrate: 2.4 km3/Ma) – Rifting climax;- 2.5-0.4 Ma: uplift of the Ruwenzori Mountains and shifting from an alluvial system to anetwork of bedrock river incision – Rift Stage 2 (subsidence rate: 450 to 250 m/Ma; sedimentationrate: 1.5 km3/Ma);- 0.4-0 Ma: long wavelength downwarping of the Tanzanian Craton, initiation of the LakeVictoria trough, drainage network inversion and uplift of the present-day Ugandan escarpment(normal faulting motion of the border faults) with formation of perched valleysassociated to the Lower Pleistocene (2.5-0.4 Ma) rivers network.The sediment budget is successful with, between 17 and 2.5 Ma, an excess of 16 % ofupstream eroded material compared to the sediment volume deposited that can be explainedby the chemical erosion prevailing at this period in Central Africa. The significant (60%)opposite difference between 2.7 and 0 Ma may be the consequence of a high sediment supplyresulting from the erosion of the uplifted Ruwenzori Mountains.

Published
2016

46. The Lake Albert Rift (Uganda, East AfricanRift System): sediment budget, deformation,basin and relief evolution since 17 Ma

Author

Simon, Brendan, Guillocheau, François, Robin, Cécile, Dauteuil, Olivier, Nalpas, Thierry, Lays, Philippe, Bourges, Philippe, Bez, Martine, Dall’Asta, Massimo, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TOTAL S.A., TOTAL FINA ELF, Société Géologique de France, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
planation surfaces, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, tectono sedimentary evolution, Lake Albert, East African Rift System, sediment budget
Abstract

National audience; This study is based on a coupled basin infilling study and alandforms analysis of the Lake Albert Rift located at the northernpart of the western branch of the East African Rift.The basin infilling study is based on both subsurface data andoutcrops analysis. The objective was to (1) actualize age model,(2) to reconstruct the 3D architecture of the rift using sequencestratigraphy correlations and seismic data interpretation, (3) tocharacterize the deformation and its changes through times and(4) to quantify the accommodation for several time intervals. Theinfilling essentially consists of isopach fault-bounded units composedof lacustrine deposits wherein were characterized two majorunconformities dated at 6.2 Ma (Uppermost Miocene) and2.7 Ma (Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary), coeval with major subsidenceand climatic changes.The landforms analysis is based on the characterization and relativedating of Ugandan landforms which consist of stepped planationsurfaces and incised valleys. We here proposed a seven-stepsreconstruction of the deformation-erosion-sedimentation relationshipsof the Lake Albert Basin and its catchments:- 55-45 Ma: formation of laterites corresponding to the AfricanSurface during the very humid period of the Lower-Middle Eocene;- 45-22: stripping of the African Surface in response of the beginningof the East-African Dome uplift and formation of a pediplainwhich associated base level is the Atlantic Ocean;- 17-2.5 Ma: Initiation of the Lake Albert Basin around 17 Ma andcreation of local base levels (Lake Albert, Edward and George) onwhich three pediplains tend to adapt;- 18-16 Ma to 6.2 Ma: ”Flexural” stage (subsidence rate: 150-200 m/Ma; sedimentation rate 1.3 km3/Ma between 17 and 12Ma and 0.6 km3/Ma from 12 to 6 Ma) – depocenters location(southern part of Lake Albert Basin) poorly controlled by fault;- 6.2 Ma to 2.5 Ma: Rift stage 1 (subsidence rate: > 500m/Maup to 600-800 m/Ma; sedimentation rate: 2.4 km3/Ma) – Riftingclimax;- 2.5-0.4 Ma: uplift of the Ruwenzori Mountains and shifting froman alluvial system to a network of bedrock river incision – RiftStage 2 (subsidence rate: 450 to 250 m/Ma; sedimentation rate:1.5 km3/Ma);- 0.4-0 Ma: long wavelength downwarping of the Tanzanian Craton,initiation of the Lake Victoria trough, drainage network inversionand uplift of the present-day Ugandan escarpment (normalfaulting motion of the border faults) with formation of perchedvalleys associated to the Lower Pleistocene (2.5-0.4 Ma) riversnetwork.The sediment budget is successful with, between 17 and 2.5 Ma,an excess of 16 % of upstream eroded material compared to thesediment volume deposited that can be explained by the chemicalerosion prevailing at this period in Central Africa. The significant(60%) opposite difference between 2.7 and 0 Ma may be the consequenceof a high sediment supply resulting from the erosion ofthe uplifted Ruwenzori Mountains.

Published
2016

47. THE AFRICAN SURFACE (85-45 Ma): A RECORD OF MANTLE DEFORMATIONS SINCE 35 Ma

Author

Guillocheau, François, Simon, Brendan, Baby, Guillaume, Robin, Cécile, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Geosciences Union, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubigeon, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; Africa is characterized by a bimodal topography with long (x100 km) to very long (x1000 km) wavelengthplateaus and domes. The 300-400 m topographic mode corresponds to the Sahara on which is superimposed swells(Hoggar, Tibesti..) and the Congo Interior Basin. The 900-1100 m mode corresponds to the Southern African(Kalahari) Plateau and the East African and Ethiopian Domes.The landforms responsible of the African topography are of three types (1) etchplains (mantled or stripped), (2)pediments and pediplains and (3) incised valleys. Those different landforms are stepped with mantled etchplainsat higher elevation and pediments/stripped etchplains are lower elevation. Some of those landforms can be datedusing either direct geochronological evidences on lateritic weathering profiles or geological evidences such as therelationship between landforms and dated magmatism or sediments.We used the stepping of successive pedimentsas a proxy of deformation, making sure that they record successive base level fall.We mapped at Africa-scale, a major widespread etchplain known as the African Surface (King, 1949; Burke &Gunnel, 2008). This surface was dated both by geochronology (e.g. Beauvais et al., 2008 in Burkina, Deller, 2012in North Ethiopia) and on geological evidences (interfingering or reworking of laterites in sedimentary basins suchas Iullemmeden Basin or the Tanzanian Margin). The paroxysm of weathering was during Early Eocene times(EOCM) but started earlier in Late Cretaceous with more or less younger ages according to its location in Africa.Geometrical restorations of pediments indicate that this surface was (1) at sea level in northern and central Africawith unknown upstream gradients and (2) superimposed on a Late Cretaceous plateau in southern Africa.The main period of very long wavelenghth deformation occurred around the Oligocene-Eocene boundary withthe uplift of northern Africa or the beginning of the growth the East African dome. Some other long wavelengthreliefs are younger, Early Miocene for the Central Africa Atlantic Swell and the uplift of the Congo Basin at 300m or Pliocene for the Angola Mountains.The implications in term of mantle dynamics are discussed.

Published
2016

48. A simple model for pediment formation

Author

Mercier, Jonathan, Braun, Jean, Guillocheau, François, Simon, Brendan, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Geosciences Union, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; Pediments are very flat and smooth erosive surfaces, connected to higher relief by a scarp, that covers up totwo thirds of the Earth’s surface. A physical mechanism to explain their formation remains elusive. Commonlyaccepted hypotheses include: (1) the widening of an incised river network (lateral corrasion of Gilbert, 1877), (2)sheetflow erosion, (3) subsurface weathering and exhumation (Strudley et al, 2006) and (4) slope retreat, usuallyat the base of an escarpment (King, 1949), potentially helped by flexural isostatic rebound (Pelletier, 2010). Herewe explore the third hypothesis, which we believe applies mostly in regions characterised by intense rainfall wheredeep weathering profiles are commonly observed.In this study, using a new coupled model of groundwater flow and surface erosion, we highlight the criticalimpact of the geometry of the water table and of the unsaturated zone within a weathering profile to explain itsevolution through time. The model is calibrated and used to explain the formation of pediments as the product ofa dynamical balance between weathering front propagation and surface erosion. We also explore the effects ofabrupt changes in rainfall intensity and base level drop on the geometry of the predicted pediments.

Published
2016

49. Les surfaces d’aplanissements enregistreursde la dynamique du manteau : le cas del’Afrique

Author

Guillocheau, François, Simon, Brendan, Baby, Guillaume, Robin, Cécile, Dauteuil, Olivier, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société Géologique de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Afrique, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, dynamique du manteau, Cénozoïque, surface d’aplanissement
Abstract

National audience; L’Afrique est un continent en régime global de divergence(à l’exception de son extrémité nord, l’ensemble Atlas-Tell-Rif)présentant un relief caractéristique des grands domaines intracontinentaux(Australie, Inde du Sud, Amérique du Sud hors Andes,etc.), c’est-à-dire des plateaux et des plaines. Ces reliefs résultentde l’étagement de plusieurs surfaces d’aplanissements.Les surfaces africaines sont de deux types principaux : les surfacesde corrosion (” etchplains ” - surfaces d’altération par des latérites)et les pédiplaines/pédiments (surfaces d’aplanissements limités enamont par des escarpements plus ou moins marqués). Ces surfacesdessinent des ondulations de longueur d’onde de plusieurscentaines de kilomètres (grande longueur d’onde) à plusieurs milliersde kilomètres (très grande longueur d’onde). Ces dernières,par leur longueur d’onde, sont de bons enregistreurs de la circulationmantellique et donc de la topographie dynamique.Ces plateaux et plaines africaines résultent de la dégradationou de la préservation d’une surface de corrosion – la surfaceafricaine – datée entre 60 et 40 Ma, par des pediplaines/pédimentset des vallées incisées plus jeunes. L’étagement de ces pédiments/pédiplaines qui correspond pour chacun d’entre eux à unniveau de base local, traduit une surrection locale à régionale deces plateaux.L’application de cette méthode à l’ensemble de l’Afrique centralea permis de montrer (1) un début de surrection des dômes camerounaiset est-africains aux alentours de 30-40 Ma et (2) une surrectiongénéralisée de l’Afrique centrale (incluant la Cuvette duCongo) aux alentours de 10-3 Ma.Cette étude a deux implications majeures (1) la topographie del’Afrique centrale à l’Eocène était plane et située légèrement audessus du niveau de la mer et (2) la croissance de ces reliefs detrès grande longueur d’onde permet de contraindre la cinématiquede la dynamique du manteau avec une ” tête ” du superpanachesud-africain (” African superswell ”) atteignant la lithosphère enAfrique de l’Est vers 30-40 Ma avant de s’étaler sous toute lalithosphère centre-africaine vers 10-3 Ma.

Published
2016

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