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1. The PLATO Mission

Author

Rauer, Heike, Aerts, Conny, Cabrera, Juan, Deleuil, Magali, Erikson, Anders, Gizon, Laurent, Goupil, Mariejo, Heras, Ana, Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose, Marliani, Filippo, Martin-Garcia, Cesar, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, O'Rourke, Laurence, Osborn, Hugh, Pagano, Isabella, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ramsay, Gavin, Udry, Stéphane, Appourchaux, Thierry, Benz, Willy, Brandeker, Alexis, Güdel, Manuel, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kabath, Petr, Kjeldsen, Hans, Min, Michiel, Santos, Nuno, Smith, Alan, Suarez, Juan-Carlos, Werner, Stephanie C., Aboudan, Alessio, Abreu, Manuel, Acuña, Lorena, Adams, Moritz, Adibekyan, Vardan, Affer, Laura, Agneray, François, Agnor, Craig, Børsen-Koch, Victor Aguirre, Ahmed, Saad, Aigrain, Suzanne, Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf, Gil, M de los Angeles Alcacera, Alei, Eleonora, Alencar, Silvia, Alexander, Richard, Alfonso-Garzón, Julia, Alibert, Yann, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Leonardo, Sobrino, Roi Alonso, Altavilla, Giuseppe, Althaus, Christian, Trujillo, Luis Alonso Alvarez, Amarsi, Anish, Eiff, Matthias Ammler-von, Amôres, Eduardo, Andrade, Laerte, Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros, António, Carlos, del Moral, Beatriz Aparicio, Appolloni, Matteo, Arena, Claudio, Armstrong, David, Aliaga, Jose Aroca, Asplund, Martin, Audenaert, Jeroen, Auricchio, Natalia, Avelino, Pedro, Baeke, Ann, Baillié, Kevin, Balado, Ana, Balestra, Andrea, Ball, Warrick, Ballans, Herve, Ballot, Jerome, Barban, Caroline, Barbary, Gaële, Barbieri, Mauro, Forteza, Sebastià Barceló, Barker, Adrian, Barklem, Paul, Barnes, Sydney, Navascues, David Barrado, Barragan, Oscar, Baruteau, Clément, Basu, Sarbani, Baudin, Frederic, Baumeister, Philipp, Bayliss, Daniel, Bazot, Michael, Beck, Paul G., Bedding, Tim, Belkacem, Kevin, Bellinger, Earl, Benatti, Serena, Benomar, Othman, Bérard, Diane, Bergemann, Maria, Bergomi, Maria, Bernardo, Pierre, Biazzo, Katia, Bignamini, Andrea, Bigot, Lionel, Billot, Nicolas, Binet, Martin, Biondi, David, Biondi, Federico, Birch, Aaron C., Bitsch, Bertram, Ceballos, Paz Victoria Bluhm, Bódi, Attila, Bognár, Zsófia, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bonanno, Alfio, Bonavita, Mariangela, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonito, Rosaria, Bonomo, Aldo Stefano, Börner, Anko, Saikia, Sudeshna Boro, Martín, Elisa Borreguero, Borsa, Francesco, Borsato, Luca, Bossini, Diego, Bouchy, Francois, Boué, Gwenaël, Boufleur, Rodrigo, Boumier, Patrick, Bourrier, Vincent, Bowman, Dominic M., Bozzo, Enrico, Bradley, Louisa, Bray, John, Bressan, Alessandro, Breton, Sylvain, Brienza, Daniele, Brito, Ana, Brogi, Matteo, Brown, Beverly, Brown, David, Brun, Allan Sacha, Bruno, Giovanni, Bruns, Michael, Buchhave, Lars A., Bugnet, Lisa, Buldgen, Gaël, Burgess, Patrick, Busatta, Andrea, Busso, Giorgia, Buzasi, Derek, Caballero, José A., Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Flavia, Cameron, Robert, Cameron, Andrew, Campante, Tiago, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Cara, Christophe, Carone, Ludmila, Carrasco, Josep Manel, Casagrande, Luca, Casewell, Sarah L., Cassisi, Santi, Castellani, Marco, Castro, Matthieu, Catala, Claude, Fernández, Irene Catalán, Catelan, Márcio, Cegla, Heather, Cerruti, Chiara, Cessa, Virginie, Chadid, Merieme, Chaplin, William, Charpinet, Stephane, Chiappini, Cristina, Chiarucci, Simone, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Simonetta, Chirulli, Giovanni, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Church, Ross, Claret, Antonio, Clarke, Cathie, Claudi, Riccardo, Clermont, Lionel, Coelho, Hugo, Coelho, Joao, Cogato, Fabrizio, Colomé, Josep, Condamin, Mathieu, Conseil, Simon, Corbard, Thierry, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Corsaro, Enrico, Cosentino, Rosario, Costes, Jean, Cottinelli, Andrea, Covone, Giovanni, Creevey, Orlagh L., Crida, Aurelien, Csizmadia, Szilard, Cunha, Margarida, Curry, Patrick, da Costa, Jefferson, da Silva, Francys, Dalal, Shweta, Damasso, Mario, Damiani, Cilia, Damiani, Francesco, Chagas, Maria Liduina das, Davies, Melvyn, Davies, Guy, Davies, Ben, Davison, Gary, de Almeida, Leandro, de Angeli, Francesca, de Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral, Leão, Izan de Castro, de Freitas, Daniel Brito, de Freitas, Marcia Cristina, De Martino, Domitilla, de Medeiros, José Renan, de Paula, Luiz Alberto, de Plaa, Jelle, De Ridder, Joris, Deal, Morgan, Decin, Leen, Deeg, Hans, Degl'Innocenti, Scilla, Deheuvels, Sebastien, del Burgo, Carlos, Del Sordo, Fabio, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Demangeon, Olivier, Denk, Tilmann, Derekas, Aliz, Desidera, Silvano, Dexet, Marc, Di Criscienzo, Marcella, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, Di Mauro, Maria Pia, Rial, Federico Jose Diaz, Díaz-García, José-Javier, Dima, Marco, Dinuzzi, Giacomo, Dionatos, Odysseas, Distefano, Elisa, Nascimento Jr., Jose-Dias do, Domingo, Albert, D'Orazi, Valentina, Dorn, Caroline, Doyle, Lauren, Duarte, Elena, Ducellier, Florent, Dumaye, Luc, Dumusque, Xavier, Dupret, Marc-Antoine, Eggenberger, Patrick, Ehrenreich, David, Eigmüller, Philipp, Eising, Johannes, Emilio, Marcelo, Eriksson, Kjell, Ermocida, Marco, Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro Escate, Eschen, Yoshi, Estrela, Inês, Evans, Dafydd Wyn, Fabbian, Damian, Fabrizio, Michele, Faria, João Pedro, Farina, Maria, Farinato, Jacopo, Feliz, Dax, Feltzing, Sofia, Fenouillet, Thomas, Ferrari, Lorenza, Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio, Fialho, Fabio, Fienga, Agnes, Figueira, Pedro, Fiori, Laura, Flaccomio, Ettore, Focardi, Mauro, Foley, Steve, Fontignie, Jean, Ford, Dominic, Fornazier, Karin, Forveille, Thierry, Fossati, Luca, Franca, Rodrigo de Marca, da Silva, Lucas Franco, Frasca, Antonio, Fridlund, Malcolm, Furlan, Marco, Gabler, Sarah-Maria, Gaido, Marco, Gallagher, Andrew, Galli, Emanuele, Garcia, Rafael A., Hernández, Antonio García, Munoz, Antonio Garcia, García-Vázquez, Hugo, Haba, Rafael Garrido, Gaulme, Patrick, Gauthier, Nicolas, Gehan, Charlotte, Gent, Matthew, Georgieva, Iskra, Ghigo, Mauro, Giana, Edoardo, Gill, Samuel, Girardi, Leo, Winter, Silvia Giuliatti, Giusi, Giovanni, da Silva, João Gomes, Zazo, Luis Jorge Gómez, Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Hernández, Jonay Isai González, Murillo, Kevin Gonzalez, Gorius, Nicolas, Gouel, Pierre-Vincent, Goulty, Duncan, Granata, Valentina, Grenfell, John Lee, Grießbach, Denis, Grolleau, Emmanuel, Grouffal, Salomé, Grziwa, Sascha, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Gueguen, Loïc, Guenther, Eike Wolf, Guilhem, Terrasa, Guillerot, Lucas, Guiot, Pierre, Guterman, Pascal, Gutiérrez, Antonio, Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando, Hagelberg, Janis, Haldemann, Jonas, Hall, Cassandra, Handberg, Rasmus, Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Diana L., Hasiba, Johann, Haswell, Carole A., Hatalova, Petra, Hatzes, Artie, Haywood, Raphaelle, Hébrard, Guillaume, Heckes, Frank, Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, Saskia, Heller, René, Helling, Christiane, Helminiak, Krzysztof, Hemsley, Simon, Heng, Kevin, Hermans, Aline, Hermes, JJ, Torres, Nadia Hidalgo, Hinkel, Natalie, Hobbs, David, Hodgkin, Simon, Hofmann, Karl, Hojjatpanah, Saeed, Houdek, Günter, Huber, Daniel, Huesler, Joseph, Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain, Huygen, Rik, Huynh, Duc-Dat, Iro, Nicolas, Irwin, Jonathan, Irwin, Mike, Izidoro, André, Jacquinod, Sophie, Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg, Janson, Markus, Jeszenszky, Harald, Jiang, Chen, Mancebo, Antonio José Jimenez, Jofre, Paula, Johansen, Anders, Johnston, Cole, Jones, Geraint, Kallinger, Thomas, Kálmán, Szilárd, Kanitz, Thomas, Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Karoff, Christoffer, Kawaler, Steven, Kawata, Daisuke, Keereman, Arnoud, Keiderling, David, Kennedy, Tom, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kidger, Mark, Kiefer, Flavien, Kintziger, Christian, Kislyakova, Kristina, Kiss, László, Klagyivik, Peter, Klahr, Hubert, Klevas, Jonas, Kochukhov, Oleg, Köhler, Ulrich, Kolb, Ulrich, Koncz, Alexander, Korth, Judith, Kostogryz, Nadiia, Kovács, Gábor, Kovács, József, Kozhura, Oleg, Krivova, Natalie, Kučinskas, Arunas, Kuhlemann, Ilyas, Kupka, Friedrich, Laauwen, Wouter, Labiano, Alvaro, Lagarde, Nadege, Laget, Philippe, Laky, Gunter, Lam, Kristine Wai Fun, Lambrechts, Michiel, Lammer, Helmut, Lanza, Antonino Francesco, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Martiz, Mariel Lares, Laskar, Jacques, Latter, Henrik, Lavanant, Tony, Lawrenson, Alastair, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lebre, Agnes, Lebreton, Yveline, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Leinhardt, Zoe, Leleu, Adrien, Lendl, Monika, Leto, Giuseppe, Levillain, Yves, Libert, Anne-Sophie, Lichtenberg, Tim, Ligi, Roxanne, Lignieres, Francois, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Linsky, Jeffrey, Liu, John Scige, Loidolt, Dominik, Longval, Yuying, Lopes, Ilídio, Lorenzani, Andrea, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Lund, Mikkel, Lundkvist, Mia Sloth, Luri, Xavier, Maceroni, Carla, Madden, Sean, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Maggio, Antonio, Magliano, Christian, Magrin, Demetrio, Mahy, Laurent, Maibaum, Olaf, Malac-Allain, LeeRoy, Malapert, Jean-Christophe, Malavolta, Luca, Maldonado, Jesus, Mamonova, Elena, Manchon, Louis, Mann, Andrew, Mantovan, Giacomo, Marafatto, Luca, Marconi, Marcella, Mardling, Rosemary, Marigo, Paola, Marinoni, Silvia, Marques, Érico, Marques, Joao Pedro, Marrese, Paola Maria, Marshall, Douglas, Perales, Silvia Martínez, Mary, David, Marzari, Francesco, Masana, Eduard, Mascher, Andrina, Mathis, Stéphane, Mathur, Savita, Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Mattiuci, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mazeh, Tsevi, Mazevet, Stephane, Mazzei, Francesco, McCormac, James, McMillan, Paul, Menou, Lucas, Merle, Thibault, Meru, Farzana, Mesa, Dino, Messina, Sergio, Mészáros, Szabolcs, Meunier, Nadége, Meunier, Jean-Charles, Micela, Giuseppina, Michaelis, Harald, Michel, Eric, Michielsen, Mathias, Michtchenko, Tatiana, Miglio, Andrea, Miguel, Yamila, Milligan, David, Mirouh, Giovanni, Mitchell, Morgan, Moedas, Nuno, Molendini, Francesca, Molnár, László, Mombarg, Joey, Montalban, Josefina, Montalto, Marco, Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G., Morales, Juan Carlos, Morales-Calderon, Maria, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mordasini, Christoph, Moreau, Chrystel, Morel, Thierry, Morello, Guiseppe, Morin, Julien, Mortier, Annelies, Mosser, Benoît, Mourard, Denis, Mousis, Olivier, Moutou, Claire, Mowlavi, Nami, Moya, Andrés, Muehlmann, Prisca, Muirhead, Philip, Munari, Matteo, Musella, Ilaria, Mustill, Alexander James, Nardetto, Nicolas, Nardiello, Domenico, Narita, Norio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nash, Anna, Neiner, Coralie, Nelson, Richard P., Nettelmann, Nadine, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nielsen, Martin, Niemi, Sami-Matias, Noack, Lena, Noels-Grotsch, Arlette, Noll, Anthony, Norazman, Azib, Norton, Andrew J., Nsamba, Benard, Ofir, Aviv, Ogilvie, Gordon, Olander, Terese, Olivetto, Christian, Olofsson, Göran, Ong, Joel, Ortolani, Sergio, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Ottacher, Harald, Ottensamer, Roland, Ouazzani, Rhita-Maria, Paardekooper, Sijme-Jan, Pace, Emanuele, Pajas, Miriam, Palacios, Ana, Palandri, Gaelle, Palle, Enric, Paproth, Carsten, Parro, Vanderlei, Parviainen, Hannu, Granado, Javier Pascual, Passegger, Vera Maria, Pastor-Morales, Carmen, Pätzold, Martin, Pedersen, May Gade, Hidalgo, David Pena, Pepe, Francesco, Pereira, Filipe, Persson, Carina M., Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Petit, Antoine C., Petit, Pascal, Pezzuto, Stefano, Pichierri, Gabriele, Pietrinferni, Adriano, Pinheiro, Fernando, Pinsonneault, Marc, Plachy, Emese, Plasson, Philippe, Plez, Bertrand, Poppenhaeger, Katja, Poretti, Ennio, Portaluri, Elisa, Portell, Jordi, de Mello, Gustavo Frederico Porto, Poyatos, Julien, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Moroni, Pier Giorgio Prada, Pricopi, Dumitru, Prisinzano, Loredana, Quade, Matthias, Quirrenbach160, ndreas, Reina6, Julio Arturo Rabanal, Soares, Maria Cristina Rabello, Raimondo, Gabriella, Rainer, Monica, Rodón, Jose Ramón, Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Rätz, Stefanie, Rauterberg, Christoph, Redman, Bob, Redmer, Ronald, Reese, Daniel, Regibo, Sara, Reiners, Ansgar, Reinhold, Timo, Renie, Christian, Ribas, Ignasi, Ribeiro, Sergio, Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira, Rice, Ken, Richard, Olivier, Riello, Marco, Rieutord, Michel, Ripepi, Vincenzo, Rixon, Guy, Rockstein, Steve, Rodríguez, María Teresa Rodrigo, Díaz, Luisa Fernanda Rodríguez, Garcia, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio, Roehlly, Yannick, Roig, Fernando, Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara, Rolf, Tobias, Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard, Rosado, Hugo, Rosotti, Giovanni, Roth, Olivier, Roth, Markus, Rousseau, Alex, Roxburgh, Ian, Roy, Fabrice, Royer, Pierre, Ruane, Kirk, Mastropasqua, Sergio Rufini, de Galarreta, Claudia Ruiz, Russi, Andrea, Saar, Steven, Saillenfest, Melaine, Salaris, Maurizio, Salmon, Sebastien, Saltas, Ippocratis, Samadi, Réza, Samadi, Aunia, Samra, Dominic, da Silva, Tiago Sanches, Carrasco, Miguel Andrés Sánchez, Santerne, Alexandre, Santoli, Francesco, Santos, Ângela R. G., Mesa, Rosario Sanz, Sarro, Luis Manuel, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schäfer, Martin, Schlafly, Edward, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schneider, Jean, Schou, Jesper, Schunker, Hannah, Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg, Serenelli, Aldo, Seynaeve, Dries, Shan, Yutong, Shapiro, Alexander, Shipman, Russel, Sicilia, Daniela, Sanmartin, Maria Angeles Sierra, Sigot, Axelle, Silliman, Kyle, Silvotti, Roberto, Simon, Attila E., Napoli, Ricardo Simoyama, Skarka, Marek, Smalley, Barry, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Smit, Samuel, Smith, Alexis, Smith, Leigh, Snellen, Ignas, Sódor, Ádám, Sohl, Frank, Solanki, Sami K., Sortino, Francesca, Sousa, Sérgio, Southworth, John, Souto, Diogo, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stamatellos, Dimitris, Stassun, Keivan, Steller, Manfred, Stello, Dennis, Stelzer, Beate, Stiebeler, Ulrike, Stokholm, Amalie, Storelvmo, Trude, Strassmeier, Klaus, Strøm, Paul Anthony, Strugarek, Antoine, Sulis, Sophia, Švanda, Michal, Szabados, László, Szabó, Róbert, Szabó, Gyula M., Szuszkiewicz, Ewa, Talens, Geert Jan, Teti, Daniele, Theisen, Tom, Thévenin, Frédéric, Thoul, Anne, Tiphene, Didier, Titz-Weider, Ruth, Tkachenko, Andrew, Tomecki, Daniel, Tonfat, Jorge, Tosi, Nicola, Trampedach, Regner, Traven, Gregor, Triaud, Amaury, Trønnes, Reidar, Tsantaki, Maria, Tschentscher, Matthias, Turin, Arnaud, Tvaruzka, Adam, Ulmer, Bernd, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Ulusoy, Ceren, Umbriaco, Gabriele, Valencia, Diana, Valentini, Marica, Valio, Adriana, Guijarro, Ángel Luis Valverde, Van Eylen, Vincent, Van Grootel, Valerie, van Kempen, Tim A., Van Reeth, Timothy, Van Zelst, Iris, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vasiliou, Konstantinos, Vasilyev, Valeriy, de Mascarenhas, David Vaz, Vazan, Allona, Nunez, Marina Vela, Velloso, Eduardo Nunes, Ventura, Rita, Ventura, Paolo, Venturini, Julia, Trallero, Isabel Vera, Veras, Dimitri, Verdugo, Eva, Verma, Kuldeep, Vibert, Didier, Martinez, Tobias Vicanek, Vida, Krisztián, Vigan, Arthur, Villacorta, Antonio, Villaver, Eva, Aparicio, Marcos Villaverde, Viotto, Valentina, Vorobyov, Eduard, Vorontsov, Sergey, Wagner, Frank W., Walloschek, Thomas, Walton, Nicholas, Walton, Dave, Wang, Haiyang, Waters, Rens, Watson, Christopher, Wedemeyer, Sven, Weeks, Angharad, Weingril, Jörg, Weiss, Annita, Wendler, Belinda, West, Richard, Westerdorff, Karsten, Westphal, Pierre-Amaury, Wheatley, Peter, White, Tim, Whittaker, Amadou, Wickhusen, Kai, Wilson, Thomas, Windsor, James, Winter, Othon, Winther, Mark Lykke, Winton, Alistair, Witteck, Ulrike, Witzke, Veronika, Woitke, Peter, Wolter, David, Wuchterl, Günther, Wyatt, Mark, Yang, Dan, Yu, Jie, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Zhou, Yixiao, Ziemke, Claas, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.

Published
2024

2. TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906

Author

Tuson, Amy, Queloz, Didier, Osborn, Hugh P., Wilson, Thomas G., Hooton, Matthew J., Beck, Mathias, Lendl, Monika, Olofsson, Göran, Fortier, Andrea, Bonfanti, Andrea, Brandeker, Alexis, Buchhave, Lars A., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Ciardi, David R., Collins, Karen A., Gandolfi, Davide, Garai, Zoltan, Giacalone, Steven, da Silva, João Gomes, Howell, Steve B., Patel, Jayshil A., Persson, Carina M., Serrano, Luisa M., Sousa, Sérgio G., Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Vanderburg, Andrew, Ziegler, Carl, Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, Anglada, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamas, Navascues, David Barrado, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Thomas, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Borsato, Luca, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Charnoz, Sébastien, Conti, Dennis M., Csizmadia, Szilard, Cubillos, Patricio E., Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delrez, Laetitia, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Dragomir, Diana, Dressing, Courtney D., Ehrenreich, David, Erikson, Anders, Essack, Zahra, Farinato, Jacopo, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Furlan, Elise, Gill, Holden, Gillon, Michaël, Gnilka, Crystal L., Gonzales, Erica, Güdel, Manuel, Günther, Maximilian N., Hoyer, Sergio, Isaak, Kate G., Jenkins, Jon M., Kiss, Laszlo L., Laskar, Jacques, Latham, David W., Law, Nicholas, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Curto, Gaspare Lo, Lovis, Christophe, Luque, Rafael, Magrin, Demetrio, Mann, Andrew W., Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mayor, Michel, McDermott, Scott, Mecina, Marko, Mordasini, Christoph, Mortier, Annelies, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Peter, Gisbert, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Pritchard, Tyler, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Ratti, Francesco, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Ricker, George R., Rieder, Martin, Santos, Nuno C., Savel, Arjun B., Scandariato, Gaetano, Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Ségransan, Damien, Shporer, Avi, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Stockdale, Chris, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Torres, Guillermo, Tronsgaard, René, Udry, Stéphane, Ulmer, Bernd, Van Grootel, Valérie, Vanderspek, Roland, Venturini, Julia, Walton, Nicholas A., Winn, Joshua N., and Wohler, Bill

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright (G = 9.5 mag) K-dwarf HD 15906 (TOI 461, TIC 4646810). This star was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in sectors 4 and 31, revealing two small transiting planets. The inner planet, HD 15906 b, was detected with an unambiguous period but the outer planet, HD 15906 c, showed only two transits separated by $\sim$ 734 days, leading to 36 possible values of its period. We performed follow-up observations with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to confirm the true period of HD 15906 c and improve the radius precision of the two planets. From TESS, CHEOPS and additional ground-based photometry, we find that HD 15906 b has a radius of 2.24 $\pm$ 0.08 R$_\oplus$ and a period of 10.924709 $\pm$ 0.000032 days, whilst HD 15906 c has a radius of 2.93$^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ R$_\oplus$ and a period of 21.583298$^{+0.000052}_{-0.000055}$ days. Assuming zero bond albedo and full day-night heat redistribution, the inner and outer planet have equilibrium temperatures of 668 $\pm$ 13 K and 532 $\pm$ 10 K, respectively. The HD 15906 system has become one of only six multiplanet systems with two warm ($\lesssim$ 700 K) sub-Neptune sized planets transiting a bright star (G $\leq$ 10 mag). It is an excellent target for detailed characterisation studies to constrain the composition of sub-Neptune planets and test theories of planet formation and evolution., Comment: 30 pages, 20 figures, 11 tables (including appendix). Published in MNRAS

Published
2023
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3. Two Warm Neptunes transiting HIP 9618 revealed by TESS & Cheops

Author

Osborn, Hugh P., Nowak, Grzegorz, Hébrard, Guillaume, Masseron, Thomas, Lillo-Box, J., Pallé, Enric, Bekkelien, Anja, Florén, Hans-Gustav, Guterman, Pascal, Simon, Attila E., Adibekyan, V., Bieryla, Allyson, Borsato, Luca, Brandeker, Alexis, Ciardi, David R., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Collins, Karen A., Egger, Jo A., Gandolfi, Davide, Hooton, Matthew J., Latham, David W., Lendl, Monika, Matthews, Elisabeth C., Tuson, Amy, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Vanderburg, Andrew, Wilson, Thomas G., Ziegler, Carl, Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, Anglada, Guillem, Arnold, Luc, Asquier, Joel, Navascues, David Barrado y, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Thomas, Belinski, Alexandr A., Benz, Willy, Biondi, Federico, Boisse, Isabelle, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Buchhave, Lars A., Bárczy, Tamas, Barros, S. C. C., Cabrera, Juan, Guillen, Carlos Cardona, Carleo, Ilaria, Castro-González, Amadeo, Charnoz, Sébastien, Christiansen, Jessie, Cortes-Zuleta, Pia, Csizmadia, Szilard, Dalal, Shweta, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delfosse, Xavier, Delrez, Laetitia, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Dunlavey, Ava B., Ehrenreich, David, Erikson, Anders, Fernandes, Rachel B., Fortier, Andrea, Forveille, Thierry, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Gillon, Michaël, Goeke, Robert F., Goliguzova, Maria V., Gonzales, Erica J., Günther, M. N., Güdel, Manuel, Heidari, Neda, Henze, Christopher E., Howell, Steve, Hoyer, Sergio, Frey, Jonas Immanuel, Isaak, Kate G., Jenkins, Jon M., Kiefer, Flavien, Kiss, Laszlo, Korth, Judith, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Laskar, Jacques, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lovis, Christophe, Lund, Michael B., Luque, Rafa, Magrin, Demetrio, Almenara, Jose Manuel, Martioli, Eder, Mecina, Marko, Medina, Jennifer V., Moldovan, Daniel, Morales-Calderón, María, Morello, Giuseppe, Moutou, Claire, Murgas, Felipe, Jensen, Eric L. N., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Peter, Gisbert, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Ricker, George, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Smith, Alexis M. S., Santos, Nuno, Scandariato, Gaetano, Seager, Sara, Sousa, Sergio G., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Ségransan, Damien, Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, Ulmer, Bernd, Van Grootel, Valerie, Vanderspek, Roland, Walton, Nicholas, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

HIP 9618 (HD 12572, TOI-1471, TIC 306263608) is a bright ($G=9.0$ mag) solar analogue. TESS photometry revealed the star to have two candidate planets with radii of $3.9 \pm 0.044$ $R_\oplus$ (HIP 9618 b) and $3.343 \pm 0.039$ $R_\oplus$ (HIP 9618 c). While the 20.77291 day period of HIP 9618 b was measured unambiguously, HIP 9618 c showed only two transits separated by a 680-day gap in the time series, leaving many possibilities for the period. To solve this issue, CHEOPS performed targeted photometry of period aliases to attempt to recover the true period of planet c, and successfully determined the true period to be 52.56349 d. High-resolution spectroscopy with HARPS-N, SOPHIE and CAFE revealed a mass of $10.0 \pm 3.1 M_\oplus$ for HIP 9618 b, which, according to our interior structure models, corresponds to a $6.8\pm1.4\%$ gas fraction. HIP 9618 c appears to have a lower mass than HIP 9618 b, with a 3-sigma upper limit of $< 18M_\oplus$. Follow-up and archival RV measurements also reveal a clear long-term trend which, when combined with imaging and astrometric information, reveal a low-mass companion ($0.08^{+0.12}_{-0.05} M_\odot$) orbiting at $26^{+19}_{-11}$ au. This detection makes HIP 9618 one of only five bright ($K<8$ mag) transiting multi-planet systems known to host a planet with $P>50$ d, opening the door for the atmospheric characterisation of warm ($T_{\rm eq}<750$ K) sub-Neptunes., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables. Accepted at MNRAS. CHEOPS, RV and ground-based photometric data is available on CDS at https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/523/3069

Published
2023
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4. TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Author

Hawthorn, Faith, Bayliss, Daniel, Wilson, Thomas G., Bonfanti, Andrea, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Yann, Sousa, Sérgio G., Collins, Karen A., Bryant, Edward M., Osborn, Ares, Armstrong, David J., Abe, Lyu, Acton, Jack S., Addison, Brett C., Agabi, Karim, Alonso, Roi, Alves, Douglas R., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamas, Barclay, Thomas, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Bendjoya, Philippe, Benz, Willy, Bieryla, Allyson, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, François, Brandeker, Alexis, Broeg, Christopher, Brown, David J. A., Burleigh, Matthew R., Buttu, Marco, Cabrera, Juan, Caldwell, Douglas A., Casewell, Sarah L., Charbonneau, David, Charnoz, Sébastian, Cloutier, Ryan, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Crouzet, Nicolas, Czismadia, Szilárd, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Delrez, Laetitia, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Dransfield, Georgina, Dumusque, Xavier, Egger, Jo Ann, Ehrenreich, David, Eigmüller, Philipp, Erickson, Anders, Essack, Zahra, Fortier, Andrea, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Günther, Maximilian N., Güdel, Manuel, Gandolfi, Davide, Gillard, Harvey, Gillon, Michaël, Gnilka, Crystal, Goad, Michael R., Goeke, Robert F., Guillot, Tristan, Hadjigeorghiou, Andreas, Hellier, Coel, Henderson, Beth A., Heng, Kevin, Hooton, Matthew J., Horne, Keith, Howell, Steve B., Hoyer, Sergio, Irwin, Jonathan M., Jenkins, James S., Jenkins, Jon M., Jensen, Eric L. N., Kane, Stephen R., Kendall, Alicia, Kielkopf, John F., Kiss, Laszlo L., Lacedelli, Gaia, Laskar, Jacques, Latham, David W., Etangs, Alain Lecavalier des, Leleu, Adrien, Lendl, Monika, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Lovis, Christophe, Mékarnia, Djamel, Massey, Bob, Masters, Tamzin, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nielsen, Louise D., O'Brien, Sean M., Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Persson, Carina M., Piotto, Giampaolo, Plavchan, Peter, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Ricker, George, Ségransan, Damien, Salmon, Sébastien, Santerne, Alexandre, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Shporer, Avi, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Srdoc, Gregor, Steller, Manfred, Suarez, Olga, Szabó, Gyula M., Teske, Johanna, Thomas, Nicolas, Tilbrook, Rosanna H., Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Udry, Stéphane, Van Grootel, Valérie, Walton, Nicholas, Wang, Sharon X., Wheatley, Peter J., Winn, Joshua N., Wittenmyer, Robert A., and Zhang, Hui

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright ($T = 8.5$ mag), high proper motion ($\sim\,200$ mas yr$^{-1}$), low metallicity ([Fe/H]$\approx\,-0.28$) K-dwarf with a mass of $0.68\pm0.05$ M$_{\odot}$ and a radius of $0.67\pm0.01$ R$_{\odot}$. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data-sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a $1.70\pm0.07$ R$_{\oplus}$ super-Earth in a 3.82 day orbit, placing it directly within the so-called 'radius valley'. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a $2.59\pm0.09$ R$_{\oplus}$ mini-Neptune in an 8.60 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of $4.5\pm0.9$ M$_{\oplus}$ , while TOI-836 c has a mass of $9.6\pm2.6$ M$_{\oplus}$. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 minutes for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.

Published
2022
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5. Uncovering the true periods of the young sub-Neptunes orbiting TOI-2076

Author

Osborn, Hugh P., Bonfanti, Andrea, Gandolfi, Davide, Hedges, Christina, Leleu, Adrien, Fortier, Andrea, Futyan, David, Gutermann, Pascal, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Borsato, Luca, Collins, Karen A., da Silva, J. Gomes, Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo, Hooton, Matthew J., Lendl, Monika, Parviainen, Hannu, Salmon, Sébastien, Schanche, Nicole, Serrano, Luisa M., Sousa, Sergio G., Tuson, Amy, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Van Grootel, Valerie, Wells, R. D., Wilson, Thomas G., Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, Anglada, Guillem, Asquier, Joel, Navascues, David Barrado y, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Thomas, Benz, Willy, Biondi, Federico, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, Francois, Brandeker, Alexis, Broeg, Christopher, Bárczy, Tamas, Barros, S. C. C., Cabrera, Juan, Charnoz, Sébastien, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Csizmadia, Szilard, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delrez, Laetitia, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Ehrenreich, David, Erikson, Anders, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Gillon, Michaël, Gómez-Muñoz, M. A., Güdel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Hoyer, Sergio, Isaak, Kate G., Kiss, Laszlo, Laskar, Jacques, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lovis, Christophe, Magrin, Demetrio, Malavolta, Luca, McCormac, James, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Peter, Gisbert, Piazza, Daniele, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Rauer, Heike, Reimers, Christian, Ribas, Ignasi, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Smith, Alexis M. S., Sabin, L., Santos, Nuno, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schroffenegger, U., Schwarz, Rick P., Shporer, Avi, Simon, Attila E., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Ségransan, Damien, Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, Walter, Ingo, and Walton, Nicholas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context: TOI-2076 is a transiting three-planet system of sub-Neptunes orbiting a bright (G = 8.9 mag), young ($340\pm80$ Myr) K-type star. Although a validated planetary system, the orbits of the two outer planets were unconstrained as only two non-consecutive transits were seen in TESS photometry. This left 11 and 7 possible period aliases for each. Aims: To reveal the true orbits of these two long-period planets, precise photometry targeted on the highest-probability period aliases is required. Long-term monitoring of transits in multi-planet systems can also help constrain planetary masses through TTV measurements. Methods: We used the MonoTools package to determine which aliases to follow, and then performed space-based and ground-based photometric follow-up of TOI-2076 c and d with CHEOPS, SAINT-EX, and LCO telescopes. Results: CHEOPS observations revealed a clear detection for TOI-2076 c at $P=21.01538^{+0.00084}_{-0.00074}$ d, and allowed us to rule out three of the most likely period aliases for TOI-2076 d. Ground-based photometry further enabled us to rule out remaining aliases and confirm the $P=35.12537\pm0.00067$ d alias. These observations also improved the radius precision of all three sub-Neptunes to $2.518\pm0.036$, $3.497\pm0.043$, and $3.232\pm0.063$ $R_\oplus$. Our observations also revealed a clear anti-correlated TTV signal between planets b and c likely caused by their proximity to the 2:1 resonance, while planets c and d appear close to a 5:3 period commensurability, although model degeneracy meant we were unable to retrieve robust TTV masses. Their inflated radii, likely due to extended H-He atmospheres, combined with low insolation makes all three planets excellent candidates for future comparative transmission spectroscopy with JWST., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Photometry available on CDS/Vizier. Python package presented for modelling duotransiting planet candidates available at https://github.com/hposborn/MonoTools. Modelling & figure-creation code available at https://github.com/hposborn/TOI2076

Published
2022
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6. A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS

Author

Wilson, Thomas G., Goffo, Elisa, Alibert, Yann, Gandolfi, Davide, Bonfanti, Andrea, Persson, Carina M., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Fridlund, Malcolm, Fossati, Luca, Korth, Judith, Benz, Willy, Deline, Adrien, Florén, Hans-Gustav, Guterman, Pascal, Adibekyan, Vardan, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Leleu, Adrien, Mustill, Alexander James, Salmon, Sébastien, Sousa, Sérgio G., Suarez, Olga, Abe, Lyu, Agabi, Abdelkrim, Alonso, Roi, Anglada, Guillem, Asquier, Joel, Bárczy, Tamas, Navascues, David Barrado y, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Beck, Thomas, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Brandeker, Alexis, Broeg, Christopher, Bryant, Edward M., Burleigh, Matthew R., Buttu, Marco, Cabrera, Juan, Charnoz, Sébastien, Ciardi, David R., Cloutier, Ryan, Cochran, William D., Collins, Karen A., Colón, Knicole D., Crouzet, Nicolas, Csizmadia, Szilard, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delrez, Laetitia, Demangeon, Olivier, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Dragomir, Diana, Dransfield, Georgina, Ehrenreich, David, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Gan, Tianjun, Gill, Samuel, Gillon, Michaël, Gnilka, Crystal L., Grieves, Nolan, Grziwa, Sascha, Güdel, Manuel, Guillot, Tristan, Haldemann, Jonas, Heng, Kevin, Horne, Keith, Howell, Steve B., Isaak, Kate G., Jenkins, Jon M., Jensen, Eric L. N., Kiss, Laszlo, Lacedelli, Gaia, Lam, Kristine, Laskar, Jacques, Latham, David W., Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lendl, Monika, Lester, Kathryn V., Levine, Alan M., Livingston, John, Lovis, Christophe, Luque, Rafael, Magrin, Demetrio, Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mayo, Andrew W., McLean, Brian, Mecina, Marko, Mékarnia, Djamel, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nielsen, Louise D., Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Osborne, Hannah L. M., Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Peter, Gisbert, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Rauer, Heike, Redfield, Seth, Ribas, Ignasi, Ricker, George R., Rieder, Martin, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schwarz, Richard P., Scott, Nicholas J., Seager, Sara, Ségransan, Damien, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Stockdale, Chris, Szabó, Gyula, Thomas, Nicolas, Ting, Eric B., Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Udry, Stéphane, Van Eylen, Vincent, Van Grootel, Valérie, Vanderspek, Roland K., Viotto, Valentina, Walton, Nicholas, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery and characterisation of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in TESS photometry. To characterise the system, we performed and retrieved CHEOPS, TESS, and ground-based photometry, HARPS high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterise the host star and determine $T_{\rm eff, \star}=4734\pm67$ K, $R_{\star}=0.726\pm0.007$ $R_{\odot}$, and $M_{\star}=0.748\pm0.032$ $M_{\odot}$. We present a novel detrending method based on PSF shape-change modelling and demonstrate its suitability to correct flux variations in CHEOPS data. We confirm the planetary nature of both bodies and find that TOI-1064 b has an orbital period of $P_{\rm b}=6.44387\pm0.00003$ d, a radius of $R_{\rm b}=2.59\pm0.04$ $R_{\oplus}$, and a mass of $M_{\rm b}=13.5_{-1.8}^{+1.7}$ $M_{\oplus}$, whilst TOI-1064 c has an orbital period of $P_{\rm c}=12.22657^{+0.00005}_{-0.00004}$ d, a radius of $R_{\rm c}=2.65\pm0.04$ $R_{\oplus}$, and a 3$\sigma$ upper mass limit of 8.5 ${\rm M_{\oplus}}$. From the high-precision photometry we obtain radius uncertainties of $\sim$1.6%, allowing us to conduct internal structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-1064 b is one of the densest, well-characterised sub-Neptunes, with a tenuous atmosphere that can be explained by the loss of a primordial envelope following migration through the protoplanetary disc. It is likely that TOI-1064 c has an extended atmosphere due to the tentative low density, however further RVs are needed to confirm this scenario and the similar radii, different masses nature of this system. The high-precision data and modelling of TOI-1064 b are important for planets in this region of mass-radius space, and it allows us to identify a trend in bulk density-stellar metallicity for massive sub-Neptunes that may hint at the formation of this population of planets., Comment: 30 pages, 24 figures, 6 tables including the Appendix; accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022
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7. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth $\nu^2$ Lupi d with $CHEOPS$

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sébastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sergio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso, Roi, Escudé, Guillem Anglada, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Muñoz, Antonio Garcia, Gillon, Michaël, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, László, Laskar, Jacques, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, and Walton, Nicholas A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior, and orbital properties of the planetary companions. $\nu^2$ Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye ($V = 5.78$) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6, and 107.6 days via radial velocity monitoring (Udry et al. 2019). The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit (Kane et al. 2020), prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand-new $CHaracterising\:ExOPlanets\:Satellite\:(CHEOPS)$. Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be $2.56\pm0.09$ $R_{\oplus}$ and $8.82\pm0.94$ $M_{\oplus}$, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period, and mild irradiation ($\sim$5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), $\nu^2$ Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b likely has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen-helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the $\nu^2$ Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets., Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy. 60 pages, 18 Figures, 6 Tables. This is the authors' version of the manuscript. The final authenticated version is available online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01381-5

Published
2021
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8. Expected performances of the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS) II. The CHEOPS simulator

Author

Futyan, David, Fortier, Andrea, Beck, Mathias, Ehrenreich, David, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bourrier, Vincent, Broeg, Christopher, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Deline, Adrien, Kuntzer, Thibault, Lendl, Monika, Queloz, Didier, Rohlfs, Reiner, Simon, Attila E., and Wildi, Francois

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) is a mission dedicated to the search for exoplanetary transits through high precision photometry of bright stars already known to host planets. The telescope will provide the unique capability of determining accurate radii for planets whose masses have already been measured from ground-based spectroscopic surveys. This will allow a first-order characterisation of the planets' internal structure through the determination of the bulk density, providing direct insight into their composition. The CHEOPS simulator has been developed to perform detailed simulations of the data which is to be received from the CHEOPS satellite. It generates accurately simulated images that can be used to explore design options and to test the on-ground data processing, in particular, the pipeline producing the photometric time series. It is, thus, a critical tool for estimating the photometric performance expected in flight and to guide photometric analysis. It can be used to prepare observations, consolidate the noise budget, and asses the performance of CHEOPS in realistic astrophysical fields that are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Images generated by CHEOPSim take account of many detailed effects, including variations of the incident signal flux and backgrounds, and detailed modelling of the satellite orbit, pointing jitter and telescope optics, as well as the CCD response, noise and readout. The simulator results presented in this paper have been used in the context of validating the data reduction processing chain, in which image time series generated by CHEOPSim were used to generate light curves for simulated planetary transits across real and simulated targets. Independent analysts were successfully able to detect the planets and measure their radii to an accuracy within the science requirements of the mission., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 18 figures

Published
2020
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9. Two New Long-Period Giant Planets from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search and Two Stars with Long-Period Radial Velocity Signals Related to Stellar Activity Cycles

Author

Endl, Michael, Brugamyer, Erik J., Cochran, William D., MacQueen, Phillip J., Robertson, Paul, Meschiari, Stefano, Ramirez, Ivan, Shetrone, Matthew, Gullikson, Kevin, Johnson, Marshall C., Wittenmyer, Robert, Horner, Jonathan, Ciardi, David R., Horch, Elliott, Simon, Attila E., Howell, Steve B., Everett, Mark, Caldwell, Caroline, and Castanheira, Barbara G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the detection of two new long-period giant planets orbiting the stars HD 95872 and HD 162004 (psi1 Draconis B) by the McDonald Observatory planet search. The planet HD 95872b has a minimum mass of 4.6 M_Jup and an orbital semi-major axis of 5.2 AU. The giant planet psi1 Dra Bb has a minimum mass of 1.5 M_Jup and an orbital semi-major axis of 4.4 AU. Both of these planets qualify as Jupiter analogs. These results are based on over one and a half decades of precise radial velocity measurements collected by our program using the McDonald Observatory Tull Coude spectrograph at the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith telescope. In the case of psi1 Draconis B we also detect a long-term non-linear trend in our data that indicates the presence of an additional giant planet, similar to the Jupiter-Saturn pair. The primary of the binary star system, psi1 Dra A, exhibits a very large amplitude radial velocity variation due to another stellar companion. We detect this additional member using speckle imaging. We also report two cases - HD 10086 and HD 102870 (beta Virginis) - of significant radial velocity variation consistent with the presence of a planet, but that are probably caused by stellar activity, rather than reflexive Keplerian motion. These two cases stress the importance of monitoring the magnetic activity level of a target star, as long-term activity cycles can mimic the presence of a Jupiter-analog planet., Comment: 31 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2015
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10. A Second Giant Planet in 3:2 Mean-Motion Resonance in the HD 204313 System

Author

Robertson, Paul, Horner, J., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Endl, Michael, Cochran, William D., MacQueen, Phillip J., Brugamyer, Erik J., Simon, Attila E., Barnes, Stuart I., and Caldwell, Caroline

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 8 years of high-precision radial velocity (RV) data for HD 204313 from the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. The star is known to have a giant planet (M sin i = 3.5 M_J) on a ~1900-day orbit, and a Neptune-mass planet at 0.2 AU. Using our own data in combination with the published CORALIE RVs of Segransan et al. (2010), we discover an outer Jovian (M sin i = 1.6 M_J) planet with P ~ 2800 days. Our orbital fit suggests the planets are in a 3:2 mean motion resonance, which would potentially affect their stability. We perform a detailed stability analysis, and verify the planets must be in resonance., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2012
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11. The McDonald Observatory Planet Search: New Long-Period Giant Planets, and Two Interacting Jupiters in the HD 155358 System

Author

Robertson, Paul, Endl, Michael, Cochran, William D., MacQueen, Phillip J., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, J., Brugamyer, Erik J., Simon, Attila E., Barnes, Stuart I., and Caldwell, Caroline

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations of four solar-type (F7-G5) stars - HD 79498, HD 155358, HD 197037, and HD 220773 - taken as part of the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program. For each of these stars, we see evidence of Keplerian motion caused by the presence of one or more gas giant planets in long-period orbits. We derive orbital parameters for each system, and note the properties (composition, activity, etc.) of the host stars. While we have previously announced the two-gas-giant HD 155358 system, we now report a shorter period for planet c. This new period is consistent with the planets being trapped in mutual 2:1 mean-motion resonance. We therefore perform an in-depth stability analysis, placing additional constraints on the orbital parameters of the planets. These results demonstrate the excellent long-term RV stability of the spectrometers on both the Harlan J. Smith 2.7 m telescope and the Hobby-Eberly telescope., Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2012
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12. Modelling the light curves of transiting exomoons: a zero-order photodynamic agent added to the Transit and Light Curve Modeller.

Author

Kálmán, Szilárd, Csizmadia, Szilárd, Simon, Attila E, Lam, Kristine W F, Deline, Adrien, Harre, Jan-Vincent, and Szabó, Gyula M

Subjects
LIGHT curves, NATURAL satellites, ELLIPTICAL orbits, CELESTIAL mechanics, STELLAR activity
Abstract

Despite the ever-growing number of exoplanets discovered and the extensive analyses carried out to find their potential satellites, only two exomoon candidates, Kepler-1625b-i and Kepler-1708 b-i, have been discovered to date. A considerable amount of effort has been invested in the development of algorithms for modelling, searching, and detecting exomoons in exoplanetary light curves. In this work, we incorporate moon handling capabilities into the state of the art and publicly available code, the Transit and Light Curve Modeller (tlcm). The code is designed for the analysis of transiting exoplanet systems with the inclusion of a wavelet-based noise handling algorithm. Here, we present an updated version of tlcm that is capable of modelling a coplanar planet–moon system on an elliptical orbit around its host, accounting for mutual eclipses between the two bodies (and neglecting perturbative effects) – a so-called photodynamic model. The key benefit of this framework is the ability for a joint analysis of multiple planet–moon transits. We demonstrate the necessity of this software on a case study of Kepler-1625b. Similarly to prior works, we conclude that there is no firm evidence of an exomoon in that system, by showing that temporally correlated noise can mimic apparent lunar transits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Two warm Neptunes transiting HIP 9618 revealed by TESS and Cheops

Author

Osborn, Hugh P., Nowak, G., Hébrard, Guillaume, Masseron, Thomas, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Pallé, Enric, Bekkelien, Anja, Florén, Hans-Gustav, Guterman, Pascal, Simon, Attila E., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bieryla, Allyson, Borsato, Luca, Brandeker, Alexis, Ciardi, David R., Cameron, Andrew C., Collins, Karen A., Egger, Jo A., Gandolfi, Davide, Hooton, Matthew J., and Queloz, Didier

Subjects
detection, binaries: spectroscopic [surveys, eclipses, occultations, planets and satellites]
Abstract

HIP 9618 (HD 12572, TOI-1471, TIC 306263608) is a bright (G = 9.0 mag) solar analogue. TESS photometry revealed the star to have two candidate planets with radii of 3.9 ± 0.044 R (HIP 9618 b) and 3.343 ± 0.039 R (HIP 9618 c). While the 20.77291 d period of HIP 9618 b was measured unambiguously, HIP 9618 c showed only two transits separated by a 680-d gap in the time series, leaving many possibilities for the period. To solve this issue, CHEOPS performed targeted photometry of period aliases to attempt to recover the true period of planet c, and successfully determined the true period to be 52.56349 d. High-resolution spectroscopy with HARPS-N, SOPHIE, and CAFE revealed a mass of 10.0 ± 3.1M for HIP 9618 b, which, according to our interior structure models, corresponds to a 6.8 ± 1.4 per cent gas fraction. HIP 9618 c appears to have a lower mass than HIP 9618 b, with a 3-sigma upper limit of 50 d, opening the door for the atmospheric characterization of warm (Teq < 750 K) sub-Neptunes. ISSN:0035-8711 ISSN:1365-2966

Published
2023

14. TOI-5678b: A 48-day transiting Neptune-mass planet characterized with CHEOPS and HARPS

Author

Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Osborn, Hugh P., Tuson, A., Egger, Jo A., Lendl, Monika, Maxted, Pierre, Bekkelien, Anja, Simon, Attila E., Olofsson, Göran, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bouchy, François, Brandeker, Alexis, Fridlund, Malcolm, Gandolfi, Davide, Mordasini, Christoph, Persson, Carina M., Salmon, Sébastien, Serrano, Luisa M., and Queloz, Didier

Subjects
planets and satellites: detection, detection, planets and satellites: individual: TOI-5678, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, methods: data analysis [planets and satellites], methods: data analysis
Abstract

Context. A large sample of long-period giant planets has been discovered thanks to long-term radial velocity surveys, but only a few dozen of these planets have a precise radius measurement. Transiting gas giants are crucial targets for the study of atmospheric composition across a wide range of equilibrium temperatures and, more importantly, for shedding light on the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Indeed, compared to hot Jupiters, the atmospheric properties and orbital parameters of cooler gas giants are unaltered by intense stellar irradiation and tidal effects. Aims. We aim to identify long-period planets in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data as single or duo-transit events. Our goal is to solve the orbital periods of TESS duo-transit candidates with the use of additional space-based photometric observations and to collect follow-up spectroscopic observations in order to confirm the planetary nature and measure the mass of the candidates. Methods. We use the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to observe the highest-probability period aliases in order to discard or confirm a transit event at a given period. Once a period is confirmed, we jointly model the TESS and CHEOPS light curves along with the radial velocity datasets to measure the orbital parameters of the system and obtain precise mass and radius measurements. Results. We report the discovery of a long-period transiting Neptune-mass planet orbiting the G7-type star TOI-5678. Our spectroscopic analysis shows that TOI-5678 is a star with a solar metallicity. The TESS light curve of TOI-5678 presents two transit events separated by almost two years. In addition, CHEOPS observed the target as part of its Guaranteed Time Observation program. After four non-detections corresponding to possible periods, CHEOPS detected a transit event matching a unique period alias. Follow-up radial velocity observations were carried out with the ground-based high-resolution spectrographs CORALIE and HARPS. Joint modeling reveals that TOI-5678 hosts a 47.73 day period planet, and we measure an orbital eccentricity consistent with zero at 2σ. The planet TOI-5678 b has a mass of 20 ± 4 Earth masses (M) and a radius of 4.91 ± 0.08 R Using interior structure modeling, we find that TOI-5678 b is composed of a low-mass core surrounded by a large H/He layer with a mass of 3.2±1.7-1.3 M. Conclusions. TOI-5678 b is part of a growing sample of well-characterized transiting gas giants receiving moderate amounts of stellar insolation (11 S). Precise density measurement gives us insight into their interior composition, and the objects orbiting bright stars are suitable targets to study the atmospheric composition of cooler gas giants., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 674, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Published
2023

15. TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Author

Hawthorn, Faith, primary, Bayliss, Daniel, additional, Wilson, Thomas G, additional, Bonfanti, Andrea, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Sousa, Sérgio G, additional, Collins, Karen A, additional, Bryant, Edward M, additional, Osborn, Ares, additional, Armstrong, David J, additional, Abe, Lyu, additional, Acton, Jack S, additional, Addison, Brett C, additional, Agabi, Karim, additional, Alonso, Roi, additional, Alves, Douglas R, additional, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, additional, Bárczy, Tamas, additional, Barclay, Thomas, additional, Barrado, David, additional, Barros, Susana C C, additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Bendjoya, Philippe, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Bouchy, François, additional, Brandeker, Alexis, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Brown, David J A, additional, Burleigh, Matthew R, additional, Buttu, Marco, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Caldwell, Douglas A, additional, Casewell, Sarah L, additional, Charbonneau, David, additional, Charnoz, Sébastian, additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Cameron, Andrew Collier, additional, Collins, Kevin I, additional, Conti, Dennis M, additional, Crouzet, Nicolas, additional, Czismadia, Szilárd, additional, Davies, Melvyn B, additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, additional, Delrez, Laetitia, additional, Demangeon, Olivier D S, additional, Demory, Brice-Olivier, additional, Dransfield, Georgina, additional, Dumusque, Xavier, additional, Egger, Jo Ann, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Eigmüller, Philipp, additional, Erickson, Anders, additional, Essack, Zahra, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Günther, Maximilian N, additional, Güdel, Manuel, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Gillard, Harvey, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Gnilka, Crystal, additional, Goad, Michael R, additional, Goeke, Robert F, additional, Guillot, Tristan, additional, Hadjigeorghiou, Andreas, additional, Hellier, Coel, additional, Henderson, Beth A, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Hooton, Matthew J, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Howell, Steve B, additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Irwin, Jonathan M, additional, Jenkins, James S, additional, Jenkins, Jon M, additional, Jensen, Eric L N, additional, Kane, Stephen R, additional, Kendall, Alicia, additional, Kielkopf, John F, additional, Kiss, Laszlo L, additional, Lacedelli, Gaia, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, Latham, David W, additional, Etangs, Alain Lecavalier des, additional, Leleu, Adrien, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lillo-Box, Jorge, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Mékarnia, Djamel, additional, Massey, Bob, additional, Masters, Tamzin, additional, Maxted, Pierre F L, additional, Nascimbeni, Valerio, additional, Nielsen, Louise D, additional, O’Brien, Sean M, additional, Olofsson, Göran, additional, Osborn, Hugh P, additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Persson, Carina M, additional, Piotto, Giampaolo, additional, Plavchan, Peter, additional, Pollacco, Don, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Ragazzoni, Roberto, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Ricker, George, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Salmon, Sébastien, additional, Santerne, Alexandre, additional, Santos, Nuno C, additional, Scandariato, Gaetano, additional, Schmider, François-Xavier, additional, Schwarz, Richard P, additional, Seager, Sara, additional, Shporer, Avi, additional, Simon, Attila E, additional, Smith, Alexis M S, additional, Srdoc, Gregor, additional, Steller, Manfred, additional, Suarez, Olga, additional, Szabó, Gyula M, additional, Teske, Johanna, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Tilbrook, Rosanna H, additional, Triaud, Amaury H M J, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Van Grootel, Valérie, additional, Walton, Nicholas, additional, Wang, Sharon X, additional, Wheatley, Peter J, additional, Winn, Joshua N, additional, Wittenmyer, Robert A, additional, and Zhang, Hui, additional

Published
2023
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16. The stable climate of KELT-9b

Author

Jones, Kathryn, Morris, Brett M., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Heng, Kevin, Hooton, Matthew J., Billot, Nicolas, Ehrenreich, David, Hoyer, Sergio, Simon, Attila E., Lendl, Monika, Demangeon, Oliver D.S., Sousa, Sérgio G., Bonfanti, Andrea, Wilson, Thomas G., Salmon, Sébastien, Csizmadia, Szilárd, Parviainen, Hannu, Bruno, Giovanni, Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, and Queloz, Didier

Subjects
planets and satellites: atmospheres, techniques: photometric, instrumentation: photometers, occultations, photometric, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, eclipses, occultations [techniques]
Abstract

Even among the most irradiated gas giants, so-called ultra-hot Jupiters, KELT-9b stands out as the hottest planet thus far discovered with a dayside temperature of over 4500 K. At these extreme irradiation levels, we expect an increase in heat redistribution efficiency and a low Bond albedo owed to an extended atmosphere with molecular hydrogen dissociation occurring on the planetary dayside. We present new photometric observations of the KELT-9 system throughout 4 full orbits and 9 eparate occultations obtained by the 30 cm space telescope CHEOPS. The CHEOPS bandpass, located at optical wavelengths, captures the peak of the thermal emission spectrum of KELT-9b. In this work we simultaneously analyse CHEOPS phase curves along with public phase curves from TESS and Spitzer to infer joint constraints on the phase curve variation, gravity-darkened transits, and occultation depth in three bandpasses, as well as derive 2D temperature maps of the atmosphere at three different depths. We find a day-night heat redistribution efficiency of ∼0.3 which confirms expectations of enhanced energy transfer to the planetary nightside due to dissociation and ecombination of molecular hydrogen. We also calculate a Bond albedo consistent with zero. We find no evidence of variability of the brightness temperature of the planet, excluding variability greater than 1% (1σ)., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 666, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Published
2022

17. A pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterized with CHEOPS

Author

Wilson, Thomas G, Goffo, Elisa, Alibert, Yann, Gandolfi, Davide, Bonfanti, Andrea, Persson, Carina M, Collier&nbsp, Cameron, Andrew, Fridlund, Malcolm, Fossati, Luca, Korth, Judith, Benz, Willy, Deline, Adrien, Florén, Hans-Gustav, Guterman, Pascal, Adibekyan, Vardan, Hooton, Matthew J, Hoyer, Sergio, Leleu, Adrien, Mustill, Alexander James, Salmon, Sébastien, Sousa, Sérgio G, Suarez, Olga, Abe, Lyu, Agabi, Abdelkrim, Alonso, Roi, Anglada, Guillem, Asquier, Joel, Bárczy, Tamas, Barradoundefined, Navascues, David, Barros, Susana C C, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Beck, Thomas, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Brandeker, Alexis, Broeg, Christopher, Bryant, Edward M, Burleigh, Matthew R, Buttu, Marco, Cabrera, Juan, Charnoz, Sébastien, Ciardi, David R, Cloutier, Ryan, Cochran, William D, Collins, Karen A, Colón, Knicole D, Crouzet, Nicolas, Csizmadia, Szilard, Davies, Melvyn B, Deleuil, Magali, Delrez, Laetitia, Demangeon, Olivier, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Dragomir, Diana, Dransfield, Georgina, Ehrenreich, David, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Gan, Tianjun, Gill, Samuel, Gillon, Michaël, Gnilka, Crystal L, Grieves, Nolan, Grziwa, Sascha, Güdel, Manuel, Guillot, Tristan, Haldemann, Jonas, Heng, Kevin, Horne, Keith, Howell, Steve B, Isaak, Kate G, Jenkins, Jon M, Jensen, Eric L N, Kiss, Laszlo, Lacedelli, Gaia, Lam, Kristine, Laskar, Jacques, Latham, David W, Lecavelierundefined, desundefined, Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lester, Kathryn V, Levine, Alan M, Livingston, John, Lovis, Christophe, Luque, Rafael, Magrin, Demetrio, Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas, Maxted, Pierre F L, Mayo, Andrew W, Mclean, Brian, Mecina, Marko, Mékarnia, Djamel, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nielsen, Louise D, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P, Osborne, Hannah L M, Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Peter, Gisbert, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Rauer, Heike, Redfield, Seth, Ribas, Ignasi, Ricker, George R, Rieder, Martin, Santos, Nuno C, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schwarz, Richard P, Scott, Nicholas J, Seager, Sara, Ségransan, Damien, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Simon, Attila E, Smith, Alexis M S, Steller, Manfred, Stockdale, Chris, Szabó, Gyula, Thomas, Nicolas, Ting, Eric B, Triaud, Amaury H M J, Udry, Stéphane, Vanundefined, Eylen, Vincent, Grootel, Valérie, Vanderspek, Roland K, Viotto, Valentina, Walton, Nicholas, Winn, Joshua N, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Swiss National Science Foundation, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
Gaia EDR3 6683371847364921088), 530 Physics, Planets and satellites: interiors, FOS: Physical sciences, stars individual, stars: individual: TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331, planets and satellites composition, techniques radial velocities, QB Astronomy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), individual: TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331, Gaia EDR3 6683371847364921088) [Stars], QC, QB, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), MCC, radial velocities [Techniques], planets and satellites interiors, 520 Astronomy, photometric [Techniques], 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3rd-DAS, Planets and satellites: detection, 620 Engineering, interiors [Planets and satellites], Planets and satellites: composition, techniques photometric, detection [Planets and satellites], QC Physics, planets and satellites detection, Stars: individual: TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331, Gaia EDR3 6683371847364921088), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Techniques: radial velocities, composition [Planets and satellites], TOI-1064 TIC 79748331, Gaia EDR3 6683371847364921088, individual: TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331 [Stars], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Techniques: photometric, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Full list of authors: Wilson, Thomas G.; Goffo, Elisa; Alibert, Yann; Gandolfi, Davide; Bonfanti, Andrea; Persson, Carina M.; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Fridlund, Malcolm; Fossati, Luca; Korth, Judith; Benz, Willy; Deline, Adrien; Florén, Hans-Gustav; Guterman, Pascal; Adibekyan, Vardan; Hooton, Matthew J.; Hoyer, Sergio; Leleu, Adrien; Mustill, Alexander James; Salmon, Sébastien; Sousa, Sérgio G.; Suarez, Olga; Abe, Lyu; Agabi, Abdelkrim; Alonso, Roi; Anglada, Guillem; Asquier, Joel; Bárczy, Tamas; Barrado Navascues, David; Barros, Susana C. C.; Baumjohann, Wolfgang; Beck, Mathias; Beck, Thomas; Billot, Nicolas; Bonfils, Xavier; Brandeker, Alexis; Broeg, Christopher; Bryant, Edward M.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Buttu, Marco; Cabrera, Juan; Charnoz, Sébastien; Ciardi, David R.; Cloutier, Ryan; Cochran, William D.; Collins, Karen A.; Colón, Knicole D.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Csizmadia, Szilard; Davies, Melvyn B.; Deleuil, Magali; Delrez, Laetitia; Demangeon, Olivier; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Dragomir, Diana; Dransfield, Georgina; Ehrenreich, David; Erikson, Anders; Fortier, Andrea; Gan, Tianjun; Gill, Samuel; Gillon, Michaël; Gnilka, Crystal L.; Grieves, Nolan; Grziwa, Sascha; Güdel, Manuel; Guillot, Tristan; Haldemann, Jonas; Heng, Kevin; Horne, Keith; Howell, Steve B.; Isaak, Kate G.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Kiss, Laszlo; Lacedelli, Gaia; Lam, Kristine; Laskar, Jacques; Latham, David W.; Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain; Lendl, Monika; Lester, Kathryn V.; Levine, Alan M.; Livingston, John; Lovis, Christophe; Luque, Rafael; Magrin, Demetrio; Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Mayo, Andrew W.; McLean, Brian; Mecina, Marko; Mékarnia, Djamel; Nascimbeni, Valerio; Nielsen, Louise D.; Olofsson, Göran; Osborn, Hugh P.; Osborne, Hannah L. M.; Ottensamer, Roland; Pagano, Isabella; Pallé, Enric; Peter, Gisbert; Piotto, Giampaolo; Pollacco, Don; Queloz, Didier; Ragazzoni, Roberto; Rando, Nicola; Rauer, Heike; Redfield, Seth; Ribas, Ignasi; Ricker, George R.; Rieder, Martin; Santos, Nuno C.; Scandariato, Gaetano; Schmider, François-Xavier; Schwarz, Richard P.; Scott, Nicholas J.; Seager, Sara; Ségransan, Damien; Serrano, Luisa Maria; Simon, Attila E.; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Steller, Manfred; Stockdale, Chris; Szabó, Gyula; Thomas, Nicolas; Ting, Eric B.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Udry, Stéphane; Van Eylen, Vincent; Van Grootel, Valérie; Vanderspek, Roland K.; Viotto, Valentina; Walton, Nicholas; Winn, Joshua N., We report the discovery and characterization of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. To characterize the system, we performed and retrieved the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), TESS, and ground-based photometry, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterize the host star and determine Teff,⋆=4734±67K⁠, R⋆=0.726±0.007R⊙⁠, and M⋆=0.748±0.032M⊙⁠. We present a novel detrending method based on point spread function shape-change modelling and demonstrate its suitability to correct flux variations in CHEOPS data. We confirm the planetary nature of both bodies and find that TOI-1064 b has an orbital period of Pb = 6.44387 ± 0.00003 d, a radius of Rb = 2.59 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a mass of Mb=13.5+1.7−1.8 M⊕, whilst TOI-1064 c has an orbital period of Pc=12.22657+0.00005−0.00004 d, a radius of Rc = 2.65 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a 3σ upper mass limit of 8.5 M⊕. From the high-precision photometry we obtain radius uncertainties of ∼1.6 per cent, allowing us to conduct internal structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-1064 b is one of the densest, well-characterized sub-Neptunes, with a tenuous atmosphere that can be explained by the loss of a primordial envelope following migration through the protoplanetary disc. It is likely that TOI-1064 c has an extended atmosphere due to the tentative low density, however further radial velocities are needed to confirm this scenario and the similar radii, different masses nature of this system. The high-precision data and modelling of TOI-1064 b are important for planets in this region of mass–radius space, and it allow us to identify a trend in bulk density–stellar metallicity for massive sub-Neptunes that may hint at the formation of this population of planets. © The Author(s) 2022., This study is based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Observatory under program ID 1102.C-0923. CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA Science Mission Directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Part of this work was done using data taken by KESPRINT, an international consortium devoted to the characterization and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions (http://www.kesprint.science/). This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This study is based on data collected under the NGTS project at the ESO La Silla Paranal Observatory. The NGTS facility is operated by the consortium institutes with support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) projects ST/M001962/1 and ST/S002642/1. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work makes use of observations from the ASTEP telescope. ASTEP benefited from the support of the French and Italian polar agencies IPEV and PNRA in the framework of the Concordia station program and from Idex UCAJEDI (ANR-15-IDEX-01). Some of the observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument Zorro. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Zorro was mounted on the Gemini-South telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF’s OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (USA), National Research Council Canada (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). TGW, ACC, and KH acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1. YA and MJH acknowledge the support of the Swiss National Fund under grant 200020_172746. DG and LMS gratefully acknowledge financial support from the CRT Foundation under grant no. 2018.2323 ‘Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds’. DG, MF, XB, SC, and JL acknowledge their roles as ESA-appointed CHEOPS science team members. CMP, MF, JK, and AJM gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 65/19, 174/18, 2020-00104, and Career grant 120/19C). ADe and DE acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (project fOURaCES; grant agreement no. 724427). ADe, ALe, and HO acknowledge support from the Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research ‘PlanetS’ and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). SH gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. SES have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 833925, project STAREX). SGS acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contract no. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grants ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R, MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), and the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The MOC activities have been supported by the ESA contract no. 4000124370. SCCB and VA acknowledge support from FCT through FCT contracts no. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004 and IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001, respectively. ABr was supported by the SNSA. This project was supported by the CNES. LD is an F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Liège through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. This work was supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia – through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacão by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953, PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017, and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987, ODSD is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. B-OD acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P2-190080). DD acknowledges support from the TESS Guest Investigator Program grant 80NSSC19K1727 and NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant 18-2XRP18_2-0136. MG is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. KGI is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and is responsible for the ESA CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme. She does not participate in, or contribute to, the definition of the Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission through which observations described in this paper have been taken, nor to any aspect of target selection for the programme. GL acknowledges support by CARIPARO Foundation, according to the agreement CARIPARO-Universitá degli Studi di Padova (Pratica no. 2018/0098). This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d’Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. ML acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant no. PCEFP2_194576. PFLM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. LDN thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation for support under Early Postdoc. Mobility grant P2GEP2_200044. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI: Queloz, grant number 327127). IR acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grant PGC2018-098153-B-C33, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. This project has been supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, the MTA-ELTE Lendület Milky Way Research Group, and the City of Szombathely under agreement no. 67.177-21/2016. This research received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP), and from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant no. ST/S00193X/1). VVG is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

Published
2022

18. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, primary, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Bonfanti, Andrea, additional, Borsato, Luca, additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Hooton, Matthew J., additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Pozuelos, Francisco J., additional, Salmon, Sébastien, additional, Sulis, Sophia, additional, Wilson, Thomas G., additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Brandeker, Alexis, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Deline, Adrien, additional, Guterman, Pascal, additional, Haldemann, Jonas, additional, Hara, Nathan, additional, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, additional, Sousa, Sergio G., additional, Van Grootel, Valérie, additional, Alonso, Roi, additional, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, additional, Bárczy, Tamás, additional, Barrado, David, additional, Barros, Susana C. C., additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Beck, Mathias, additional, Bekkelien, Anja, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Billot, Nicolas, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Collier Cameron, Andrew, additional, Davies, Melvyn B., additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., additional, Demory, Brice-Olivier, additional, Erikson, Anders, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Futyan, David, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Guedel, Manuel, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Kiss, László, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Maxted, Pierre F. L., additional, Nascimbeni, Valerio, additional, Olofsson, Göran, additional, Osborn, Hugh P., additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Piotto, Giampaolo, additional, Pollacco, Don, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Ragazzoni, Roberto, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Scandariato, Gaetano, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Simon, Attila E., additional, Smith, Alexis M. S., additional, Steller, Manfred, additional, Szabó, Gyula M., additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, and Walton, Nicholas A., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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19. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sebastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sérgio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso Sobrino, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C.C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera Perez, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn. B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D.S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, Laszlo, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Palle, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M S, Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stephane, and Walton, Nicholas A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Published
2021

20. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth nu(2) Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sébastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sergio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, László, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, Walton, Nicholas A., Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sébastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sergio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, László, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, and Walton, Nicholas A.

Abstract

Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. nu(2) Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring(1). The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit(2), prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 +/- 0.09 R-circle plus and 8.82 +/- 0.94 M-circle plus, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (similar to 5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), nu(2) Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen-helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the nu(2) Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.

Published
2021
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22. TWO NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS FROM THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH AND TWO STARS WITH LONG-PERIOD RADIAL VELOCITY SIGNALS RELATED TO STELLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES

Author

Endl, Michael, primary, Brugamyer, Erik J., additional, Cochran, William D., additional, MacQueen, Phillip J., additional, Robertson, Paul, additional, Meschiari, Stefano, additional, Ramirez, Ivan, additional, Shetrone, Matthew, additional, Gullikson, Kevin, additional, Johnson, Marshall C., additional, Wittenmyer, Robert, additional, Horner, Jonathan, additional, Ciardi, David R., additional, Horch, Elliott, additional, Simon, Attila E., additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Everett, Mark, additional, Caldwell, Caroline, additional, and Castanheira, Barbara G., additional

Published
2016
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