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Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the spontaneous brain activity changes by measuring the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and their relationship with clinical characteristics in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods. Coronary heart disease patients ( n = 25 ) and age, gender, and education level-matched control subjects (controls, n = 35 ) were included. The grey matter volume (GMV) and fALFF values were calculated to assess the difference in brain structure and function between the two groups, respectively. Correlation analyses between the fALFF values and clinical characteristics were further assessed in CHD patients. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to access the diagnostic ability of the fALFF method. Results. There was no significant difference in GMV between the CHD and control groups. Compared with the control group, patients with CHD showed significantly decreased fALFF in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus and increased fALFF in the right inferior cerebellum. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) showed significantly decreased fALFF values of the right inferior cerebellum than patients without MI. There was no significant correlation between the fALFF values in specific brain regions and disease duration. Furthermore, the ROC curves of abnormal brain regions showed the perfect accuracy of the fALFF value in distinguishing between CHD patients and controls. Conclusion. CHD demonstrated aberrant neural activity in specific brain regions mainly related to sensorimotor networks and pain processing, which may contribute to understanding the underlying neurological mechanism of CHD.

Conventional tumor therapeutic modalities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, involve low tumor inhibition efficiency, non-targeted drug delivery, and side effects. The development of novel and practical nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) for targeted tumor therapy has become particularly important. Among various bioactive nanoparticles, chitosan is considered a suitable candidate for drug delivery due to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan endow it with the diverse function of chemical modification, thereby improving its physical and biological properties to meet the requirements of advanced biomedical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to review the property and applications of chitosan-based materials in biomedicine. In this review, the characteristics of chitosan related to its applications are first introduced, and then the preparation and modification of chitosan-based nanoparticles, including the function tailoring of chitosan-modified nanoparticles, are demonstrated and discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of chitosan-based nanomaterials in this emerging field are proposed from the perspective of the rational and systematic design for the biomedicine field.

A beautiful 3D metallacage was designed and synthesized via coordination-driven assembly. The metallacage showed a larger 2PA cross-section that was about 2.4-fold that of the ligand, and better optical limiting performance and photo-stability.

Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) can serve as precursors of ozone and photochemical smog, and hence their highly efficient detection is of great importance for air quality monitoring. Here, we synthesized a new fluorescent perylene bisimide (PBI)-cored metallacycle complex through coordination-driven self-assembly and used it for the production of a fluorescent film sensor. The unique rectangular structure of the developed fluorophore endows the sensor with enhanced sensing performance and discriminability to n-alkanes (C5-10). Specifically, the experimental detection limits for n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-decane are 39, 7, and 1.4 mg/m3, respectively, and the corresponding linear ranges are from 39 to 2546, 7 to 1745, and 1.4 to 85 mg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the sensing is fully reversible. In tandem with a gas chromatographic separation system, the film sensor showed comparable detection ability for the n-alkanes with a commercial flame ionization detector (FID), while the film sensor needs no hydrogen; it occupies a much smaller size (30 × 30 × 44 mm3) and consumes less energy (0.215 W). Further studies demonstrated that the developed sensor can be used for on-site and real-time quantification of NHMCs, laying the foundation for developing into a portable detector.

Integrating multiple photosensitive properties into an “all-in-one” photosensitizer (PS) shows great promise for the treatment of cancers owing to synergistic effect among them. However, the development of such PSs, especially those that need a single laser source, remains a challenge. Herein, we report an orchestration of electron donors and acceptors in a propeller-like pentad, PBI-4Cz, where four carbazole (Cz) units are covalently linked to the ortho-positions of the perylene bisimide (PBI) core. Strong intramolecular donor-acceptor interaction significantly quenches the luminescence and largely extends the absorption spectra to near-infrared region. Excited-state dynamics investigated via femto- and nano-second transient absorption spectroscopy revealed exclusive charge separation of the PBI-4Cz within initial 0.5 ps when photoexcited regardless of which intermediate is involved. Energy dissipation of the resulting charge-separated state (PBI•−-4Cz•−) is subjected to the toggle between intersystem-crossing toward excited triplet states and charge recombination toward ground states. Relative importance of the two pathways can be tuned by micro-environmental polarity, which endows PBI-4Cz remarkable performances of singlet-oxygen generation (>90.0%) in toluene and photothermal conversion (∼28.6%) in DMSO. Harnessing intrinsic photostability and excited-state processes of heavy-atom-free PBI derivatives not only holds a promise for multifunctional phototheranostics, but also provides a prototype for designing high-performance PSs with tunable photoconversion pathways.

B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3) plays an important role in tumor biology, but the molecular mechanism underlying the role of B7‐H3 in tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this article, our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggested that B7‐H3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). B7‐H3 knockdown affected the expression of metastasis‐related genes and significantly suppressed the metastasis of ccRCC cells, but it had no significant effect on the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Database analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between B7‐H3 and fibronectin (FN) in ccRCC cells, and further study also confirmed that FN interacts with B7‐H3. Silencing FN expression inhibited the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, whereas exogenous FN promoted the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, which was accompanied by activation of kinases [namely, phosphorylated (p)‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, p‐protein kinase B, p‐p38 and p‐extracellular regulated protein kinase]. B7‐H3 knockdown abolished the prometastatic effect of FN. In conclusion, our data suggest that B7‐H3 binds to exogenous FN and promotes the metastasis of ccRCC cells., In this study, we explored the clinical significance and prognostic relationship of B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We report the novel discovery that B7‐H3 interacts with plasma fibronectin in promoting ccRCC metastasis. Cotargeting fibronectin and B7‐H3 may have potential as a new therapeutic intervention strategy for ccRCC treatment.

Elaborately designed π-stacked molecular aggregates are significant for modulation of photophysical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Herein, a double hydrogen-bonds trussed di(pyridyl)pyrrole-perylene bisimide (HDPP-PBI) was designed and its dimerization behavior was studied. HDPP-PBI tends to form a quadruple PBI stack with a dimerization constant of ∼5.56×10

New strategies are in high demand for fast, sensitive, selective, on-site and real-time detection of the important but challenging alkane vapors owing to their opto-electronic inertness. Herein, we report, for the first time, a high-performance fluorescent film sensor (FFS) for the alkanes with a rationally designed through-space charge transfer (TSCT) molecule as the sensing fluorophore. Steady-state fluorescence, femto-second transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical studies revealed continuous TSCT dynamics in the excited U-shaped molecule with increasing medium polarity. Furthermore, the interlocked, face-to-face alignment between the donor and acceptor favors mass transport of the analyte molecules in the film state. As anticipated, the compound-based FFS showed an experimental detection limit of ≈10 ppm for n-pentane, less than 5 s for a full detection, negligible interference and super-stability, revealing the effectiveness of the design strategy. Notably, the sensor is small (≈3.7 cm

Poor processability of fullerenes is a major remaining drawback for them to be studied monomolecularly and to find real-life applications. One of the strategies to tackle this problem is to encapsu...

Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been widely used as bioprobes and photosensitizers. However, several disadvantages including slow cellular uptake, nonspecific binding with biomolecules and toxicity limit their applications. In this study, a nanocarrier of human serum albumin coated gold nanorods was developed to deliver a ruthenium photosensitizer for PDT/PTT combination therapy. The HSA coating endowed the nanodrug with high biocompatibility and stability under physiological conditions. Ru-GNR-HSANPs generate

BackgroundLong-standing inflammatory bowel disease predisposes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Interleukin (IL) -6, a pivotal link between chronic inflammation and tumor progression, has recently been recognized as a potential target. The effect of IL-6 on proliferation and metastasis of CRC by activating STAT3 pathway has been widely demonstrated in recent years, but few on mediating tumor immune evasion has been reported. MethodsIn this study, we analyzed IL-6 gene expression in human CRC tissues and carried out survival probability in CRC patients with TCGA Data portal and GEO Database. We studied CRC tumorigenesis in vivo by inoculating MC38 tumors and induced-CRC model via AOM/DSS （azoxymethan / dextran sulfate sodium）in (IL-6 deficient) IL-6-/- and (wild type) WT mice. We measured tumor growth and detected CD8+ T cells via immunofluorescence, we validated the function of IL-6 in tumorigenesis and tumor immune evasion in subcutaneous transplantation models. Using endoscopy monitoring and immunofluorescence, we validated the function of IL-6 in tumor immune evasion in AOM/DSS models. We conducted colitis model with DSS reveal the relationship of IL-6 and MHC-1 molecules by qRT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis. Organoid and CRC cells culture, western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the expression and significance of MHC-1 molecules in vitro without IL-6 stimulation. MHC-1 molecules levels were also detected in tumors of IL-6-/- and WT mice from MC38-bearing tumor models and AOM/DSS models. Subcutaneous MC38 implantation models in C57BL/6 J mice were established to investigate anti-IL-6 therapy on CRC tumorigenesis. In vivo efficacy were conducted using antibodies blocking IL-6 and PD-1 in mice subcutaneous-bearing different types of tumors. Results Bio-information analysis and results of our center founded that IL-6 was remarkably overexpressed in CRC and its elevation was associated with poor prognosis. We observed that IL-6-/- mice were less susceptible to develop tumors, compared to (wild type) WT mice. Interestingly, infiltrated CD8+ T cells were found to exhibit high expression in tumor of IL-6-/- mice. High level of IL-6 was found in colitis model, with down-regulation of MHC-1molecules. Moreover, in vitro experiments, we found that IL-6 may act as a negative regulator in IFNγ-STAT1-MHC-1 signaling. In addition, vivo trials also confirmed that MHC-1 mRNA levels are negatively related to the existence of IL-6. Furthermore, blockade of IL-6 also activated CD8+ T-cell accumulation and led to the high PDL-1 expression in CRC, which can sensitize animals to anti-PD-1 therapy. Importantly, compared to treatment with anti-IL-6 alone and single treatment of anti-PD-1, combined IL-6 and PD-1 blockade greatly improved the therapeutic effect, not only in CRC but also melanoma and breast cancer.Conclusions Our study demonstrated that IL-6 act as a negative regulator in immunological surveillance to promote tumor immune evasion by inhibiting the response of cell to IFNγ. Blocking IL-6 enhanced tumor response to anti-PD-1 therapy via infiltration of CD8+ T cell and high expression of PDL-1. Based on the findings of our study, IL-6 is a novel target to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Plasma samples were collected from 34 patients with advanced CRC and 92 healthy persons (control group), and the levels of 9 VNAs were measured using GC-MS. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to determine differential metabolites between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed on the differential metabolites. It turned out that the detection rates of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in patients with CRC were higher than in the control group (P 0.05). N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) were not detected in CRC patients. NDMA, N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and NPYR were detected in male and female patients with CRC. There was no difference in VNAs exposure between the sexes of CRC patients. In the positive and negative ion mode, a total of 132 differential metabolites and 6 differential metabolic pathways were detected. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, hypoxanthine, 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid, 16(R)-HETE, acetylcarnitine, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA 20:5, LPA 20:4) were candidate biomarkers with higher predictive value. Hypoxanthine and xanthine metabolic pathways were associated with changes in VNAs in CRC patients. In summary, the effects of changes of VNAs in the plasma of CRC patients (especially NDMA and NPYR) on the progression of CRC should attract attention. Abnormalities of adenine and guanine and downstream hypoxanthine-xanthine metabolic pathways were closely related to changes of VNAs and metabolomics in CRC patients.

Manipulating the optical properties of fluorescent species is challenging owing to complicated and tedious synthetic works. Herein, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) were effectively tuned by varying the geometrical arrangement of PBI moieties within supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), where a PBI-based dicycle (2) and a trigonal prism (3) were generated via using a typical 90° Pt(II) reagent, cis-(PEt3 )2 Pt(OTf)2 -based coordination-driven self-assembly approach. The ligand, an ortho-tetrapyridiyl-PBI (1), exhibits a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (∼13 %) and efficient inter-system crossing (ISC). 2, however, is much more emissive with a fluorescence quantum yield of ∼41 %, and the relevant ISC process is significantly hindered. The fluorescence quantum yield of 3 is merely ∼6 % due to the observed symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), which turns to triplet state upon charge recombination. Interestingly, 3 could be fully transformed into 2 by simply adding a suitable amount of a 90° Pt(II)-based neutral triangle. Moreover, 2 tends to form discrete dimers both in crystal and solution states, but 3 does not show the property. Therefore, controlling geometrical arrangement of fluorophores through coordination-driven self-assembly could be taken as another effective way to tune their excited state relaxation pathways and construct high-performance optical molecular materials, which generally have to be prepared via organic synthesis.

Iridium complexes have been widely applied as molecular sensors because of their rich photophysical properties, including large Stokes shifts, long emission lifetimes, environment-sensitive emissions, and high luminescence quantum yields. In this paper, we review the recent development and application of iridium complexes as probes for ions, anions, gaseous species, organic molecules, small biomolecules, biomacromolecules, and subcellular organelles. Our outlook for iridium-based probes is also discussed.

Poor processability of fullerenes is a major remaining drawback for them to be studied monomolecularly and to find real-life applications. One of the strategies to tackle this problem is to encapsulate them within a host, which is however quite often, accompanied by significant alteration of their physical/chemical properties as encountered in chemical modification. To minimize the effect, an electron-deficient entities-based, dissolvable, and fluorescence active supramolecular host was designed and constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly of

CTCF is overexpressed in several cancers and plays crucial roles in regulating aggressiveness, but little is known about whether CTCF drives colorectal cancer progression. Here, we identified a tumor-promoting role for CTCF in colorectal cancer. Our study demonstrated that CTCF was upregulated in colorectal cancer specimens compared with adjacent noncancerous colorectal tissues. The overexpression of CTCF promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth, while the opposite effects were observed in CTCF knockdown cells. Increased GLI1, Shh, PTCH1, and PTCH2 levels were observed in CTCF-overexpressing cells using western blot analyses. CCK-8 and apoptosis assays revealed that 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity was negatively associated with CTCF expression. Furthermore, we identified that P53 is a direct transcriptional target gene of CTCF in colorectal cancer. Western blot and nuclear extract assays showed that inhibition of P53 can counteract Hedgehog signaling pathway repression induced by CTCF knockdown. In conclusion, we uncovered a crucial role for CTCF regulation that possibly involves the P53-Hedgehog axis and highlighted the clinical utility of colorectal cancer-specific potential therapeutic target as disease progression or clinical response biomarkers.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new type of fluorescence carbon nanomaterials with particle size varied from 2 to 10 nm, have attracted much attention due to their strong multi-color luminescence properties, unprecedented biocompatibility, excellent aqueous dispersibility and easy preparation from a wide range of carbon materials. These multiple attributes help CQDs possess a broad range of prospective applications in numerous fields, especially for bio-imaging, drug delivery, chemical probe and photon therapy because of their advantages of low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to recap the synthesis and application of CQDs-based materials in the field of biomedicine. The methods for the synthesis of CQDs are introduced firstly, and then different performance of CQDs related to their applications are demonstrated and discussed, including the function tailoring of CQDs. Finally, future opportunities and challenges of CQDs-based materials in this burgeoning field are proposed from the perspective of the rational design of systematic CQDs-based materials toward the biomedicine field.

Inspired by the unique glass cell wall of diatom, we design a new nanostructure of human serum albumin nanoparticle (HSANP) coated with silica (HSA/SiO2), which consists of a core-satellite assembly of small silica nanoparticles on a single HSANP. The HSA/SiO2 nanoparticles are used for delivering ruthenium polypyridyl complexes into cells. The silica coating increases the Ru loading efficiency, and prevents the burst release of Ru from HSA/SiO2. The Ru release rate can be controlled by adjusting the amount of coated silica on HSANP, affording a drug delivery system with controlled drug release rate. The Ru-HSA/SiO2 nanoparticles show high stability in physiological condition, and significantly increase the Ru uptake into cells, which proceeds via clathrin-mediated endocytosis into the lysosomes. The silica coating takes no effect on the fluorescence intensity and ROS generation of loaded Ru in HSA/SiO2. Furthermore, Ru4-HSA/SiO2 exhibit weak cytotoxicity in dark, however, the nanodrug can be activated by light irradiation and generate ROS to damage cells, thus achieving an excellent photodynamic therapy efficiency. Therefore, the diatom-like nanostructure can function as sustained drug delivery nanocarrier of ruthenium polypyridyl complex and can be used for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.

Our recent studies demonstrate that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is critical for chondrogenesis and early skeletal development. Here, we show that deleting Kindlin-2 from osteoblasts using the 2.3-kb mouse Col1a1-Cre transgene minimally impacts bone mass in mice, but deleting Kindlin-2 using the 10-kb mouse Dmp1-Cre transgene, which targets osteocytes and mature osteoblasts, results in striking osteopenia in mice. Kindlin-2 loss reduces the osteoblastic population but increases the osteoclastic and adipocytic populations in the bone microenvironment. Kindlin-2 loss upregulates sclerostin in osteocytes, downregulates β-catenin in osteoblasts, and inhibits osteoblast formation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of β-catenin in the mutant cells reverses the osteopenia induced by Kindlin-2 deficiency. Kindlin-2 loss additionally increases the expression of RANKL in osteocytes and increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Kindlin-2 deletion in osteocytes promotes osteoclast formation in osteocyte/bone marrow monocyte cocultures, which is significantly blocked by an anti-RANKL-neutralizing antibody. Finally, Kindlin-2 loss increases osteocyte apoptosis and impairs osteocyte spreading and dendrite formation. Thus, we demonstrate an important role of Kindlin-2 in the regulation of bone homeostasis and provide a potential target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.

Mammalian focal adhesion proteins Pinch1 and Pinch2 regulate integrin activation and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and migration. Here, we show that deleting Pinch1 in osteocytes and mature osteoblasts using the 10-kb mouse Dmp1-Cre and Pinch2 globally (double KO; dKO) results in severe osteopenia throughout life, while ablating either gene does not cause bone loss, suggesting a functional redundancy of both factors in bone. Pinch deletion in osteocytes and mature osteoblasts generates signals that inhibit osteoblast and bone formation. Pinch-deficient osteocytes and conditioned media from dKO bone slice cultures contain abundant sclerostin protein and potently suppress osteoblast differentiation in primary BM stromal cells (BMSC) and calvarial cultures. Pinch deletion increases adiposity in the BM cavity. Primary dKO BMSC cultures display decreased osteoblastic but enhanced adipogenic, differentiation capacity. Pinch loss decreases expression of integrin β3, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and α-parvin and increases that of active caspase-3 and -8 in osteocytes. Pinch loss increases osteocyte apoptosis in vitro and in bone. Pinch loss upregulates expression of both Rankl and Opg in the cortical bone and does not increase osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Finally, Pinch ablation exacerbates hindlimb unloading-induced bone loss and impairs active ulna loading-stimulated bone formation. Thus, we establish a critical role of Pinch in control of bone homeostasis.

Kindlin-2 regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion to and migration on the extracellular matrix. Our recent studies demonstrate important roles of kindlin-2 in regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and skeletal development. In this study, we generated adipose tissue-specific conditional knockout of kindlin-2 in mice by using Adipoq-Cre BAC-transgenic mice. The results showed that deleting kindlin-2 expression in adipocytes in mice caused a severe lipodystrophy with drastically reduced adipose tissue mass. Kindlin-2 ablation elevated the blood levels of nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides, resulting in massive fatty livers in the mutant mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Furthermore, HFD-fed mutant mice displayed type II diabetes-like phenotypes, including elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, glucose intolerance, and peripheral insulin resistance. Kindlin-2 loss dramatically reduced the expression levels of multiple key factors, including PPARγ, mTOR, AKT, and β-catenin proteins, and suppressed adipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Finally, kindlin-2 loss drastically reduced leptin production and caused a high bone mass phenotype. Collectively, these studies establish a critical role of kindlin-2 in control of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism as well as bone homeostasis.

Genes expression related to lung cancer are observed in nasal epitthelia, to identify their similarities and differences and provide the basis for possible application. There are three groups:non-lung cancer group (NLC), lung cancer group (LC) and postoperative lung cancer group (PLC).The genes expression in nasal epitthelia were observed by PCR, including the HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB, DYSF, SPEF2, ANKFN1, HYDIN, DNAH5, C12orf55 and CCDC113. Their expression levels were obtained and statistically compared. Results showed that all the related genes in LC and PLC groups were highly expressed. There are significant difference in HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB and C12orf55 gene expression between the LC or PLC and NLC, and in EMR3 and C12orf55 between LC and PLC. Conclusions are HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB, C12orf55 can be used for lung cancer screening, while EMR3 and C12orf55 for the review of post-operative lung cancer.

International audience; Many Chinese SMEs start exporting from inception and therefore integrate into global value chains. The article seeks to understand the determinants of Chinese Born Globals (BGs) internationalization, given the opportunities offered by a large domestic market. From a review of the literature, we identify the main factors of the rapid internationalization of BGs, which we then compare with those of Chinese SMEs. An exploratory study of a hundred small enterprises in Zhejiang Province leads us to focus on two key factors of the rapid international development of Chinese SMEs, namely their managers and their networks. In-depth interviews conducted in four BGs selected within this sample allow us to understand the role of these two factors and to conclude on the conditions of the rapid integration of Chinese BGs into global value chains.; Nombreuses sont les PME chinoises qui exportent dès leur création et vont ainsi s’insérer dans les chaînes mondiales de valeur. L’article cherche à comprendre les déterminants de l’internationalisation de ces Born Globals (BGs) chinoises, compte tenu de l’existence d’un marché intérieur important. À partir d’une revue de la littérature, nous identifions les principaux facteurs de l’internationalisation rapide des BGs, en général, puis nous les comparons avec ceux des PME chinoises. Une étude exploratoire sur une centaine de petites entreprises du Zhejiang nous conduit à retenir deux facteurs clés permettant d’expliquer le développement international rapide des PME chinoises, à savoir leurs dirigeants et leurs réseaux. Des entretiens approfondis menés dans quatre BGs de cet échantillon nous permettent ensuite de mieux comprendre le rôle de ces deux facteurs et de conclure sur les conditions de l’insertion très rapide des BGs chinoises dans les chaînes mondiales de valeur.

CT and MRI imaging features and grades of liver iron deposition（LID）were discussed and evaluated in clinical application.The imaging and laboratory data of 20 patients with LID were analyzed retrospectively. CT value of liver were measured and MR signal intensity ratio of muscle/liver calculated.A new imaging grade of LID were made with CT and MR, and the grade correlation was analyzed between CT, MR and SF. All of 20 patients with LID, 19 cases were CT examination, their CT value ranging of liver were from 55HU to 116HU, of which more than 72HU were in 7 cases and 72HU or less in 12. 14 cases were MR examination with the low signal of liver, and the inverse phase signal of T1WI was higher than that of the positive phase. There were no significant difference among the grade of CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (P>0.05), and there were the positive correlation of grade between CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (rs=0.803,0.847,0.677 respectively), and of values between CT, T1WI SIR, T2WI SIR and SF(rs=0.454, 0.538, 0.811 respectively). CT can show the LID with high-density, but the mild LID can be with normal density, which is the false negative. MRI can show LID with low-signal, of which T2WI is the lower than T1WI, it is beneficial to diagnose the early LID. Grades of CT and MR have good consistent with that of SF, and can reflect the severity of LID, particularly that of MR-T1WI grading.

International audience; With the increased participation of emerging economies in the global economy, born globals (BGs) in emerging countries become significant players. However, researches on Chinese BGs are still very limited. The aim of this paper is to explore the key factors that influence the rapid internationalization of Chinese BGs and examine how these factors can explain the successful and quick integration of Chinese BGs into global market. Based on an Anglo-Saxon literature review, we identified six major factors explaining BGs’ rapid internationalization and compared them on two groups of Chinese SMEs (BGs and non-BGs) in an exploratory study. Based on the analysis of the exploratory study, we identified two key factors for the rapid internationalization of Chinese BGs, namely managers and networks. Then, we select four Chinese BGs and conducted a comparative case study in order to examine and understand the role of these two factors in their internationalization process. We conclude this paper with the contribution, implication, and limitation of our study, as well asthe perspective for our future research.

Chapter 14 immerges into partnerships developed by French MNCs and Chinese companies. The authors examine their potential benefits for both sides and argue that beyond individual interests, partnering can be beneficial for (French) MNCs and Chinese companies alike. However, as to the authors, the emergence of successful Chinese MNCs is likely to change the rules of the game and the competitive environment for foreign and French MNCs in China.

Ce Chapitre se concentre sur l'analyse de coopérations établies en République Populaire de Chine par des firmes françaises. Après avoir rappelé les enjeux de l'implantation dans ce pays, il présente les évolutions récentes de la position des autorités chinoises par rapport aux multinationales (modification des conditions d'implantation, réforme de la politique fiscale, lutte contre les produits contrefaits...) et des stratégies des multinationales dans ce pays (développement de centre de recherche et développement, relocalisation de la production vers des pays voisins où les coûts de production sont moindres, prise en considération de la concurrence grandissante des groupe chinois...).

Dans le contexte compétitif de la mondialisation, l'internationalisation est perçue comme une stratégie de croissance et un moyen de survie incontournable pour un nombre grandissant de PME. Toutes les tendances récentes de l'économie et des pratiques nouvelles des entreprises chinoises convergent vers ce concept d'internationalisation qui suggère l'arrivé de nouvelles opportunités et de nouveaux challenges pour le développement des PME chinoises. L'objet de cet article est d'étudier les principales contraintes rencontrées par les PME chinoises dans leur processus d'internationalisation en prenant comme cas la province du Zhejiang. Sur la base d'une présentation des caractéristiques des PME chinoises montrées au cours des années de développement international, nous essaierons d'analyser les principales contraintes des PME chinoises dans le processus d'internationalisation. Nous proposerons en conclusion des angles de réflexion sur les stratégies d'internationalisation qui pourront être développés par les PME chinoises.