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The new coronavirus emergency spread to Italy when little was known about the infection’s impact on mothers and newborns. This study aims to describe the extent to which clinical practice has protected childbirth physiology and preserved the mother–child bond during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. A national population-based prospective cohort study was performed enrolling women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted for childbirth to any Italian hospital from 25 February to 31 July 2020. All cases were prospectively notified, and information on peripartum care (mother–newborn separation, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and rooming-in) and maternal and perinatal outcomes were collected in a structured form and entered in a web-based secure system. The paper describes a cohort of 525 SARS-CoV-2 positive women who gave birth. At hospital admission, 44.8% of the cohort was asymptomatic. At delivery, 51.9% of the mothers had a birth support person in the delivery room, the average caesarean section rate of 33.7% remained stable compared to the national figure. On average, 39.0% of mothers were separated from their newborns at birth, 26.6% practised skin-to-skin, 72.1% roomed in with their babies, and 79.6% of the infants received their mother’s milk. The infants separated and not separated from their SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers both had good outcomes. At the beginning of the pandemic, childbirth raised awareness and concern due to limited available evidence and led to “better safe than sorry” care choices. An improvement of the peripartum care indicators was observed over time.

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality; 87; 131-138, Flavonoids are the most abundant phenol compound group in apples, the concentration of which varies with the cultivars and climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, solar radiation, sunburn damage of the peel and the state of development of fruit on total phenol concentrations, quercetin glycosides and antioxidant activity. Three assays were conducted during the 2008/09 season to evaluate aforementioned variables on these parameters. The following season, the effect of the state of development on the fruit was evaluated. Sunburn increased phenol concentrations from 5.5 to 8.7 mg CAE* g FW-1. In relation to the state of development of the fruit, phenol concentrations decreased from 14 to 1.3 mg CAE* g FW-1 between 32 DAFB to harvest, respectively. Fruit that was bagged until one month before harvest had significantly higher concentrations of quercetin rutinoside (28 mg*g-1FW), galactoside (484 mg*g-1FW) and glucoside (54 mg*g-1FW) than fruit that remained bagged until harvest (6, 161 and 21 mg*g-1FW, respectively). Temperature did influence phenol concentrations. This study determined that sunburn, the state of development and bagging the fruit are factors that determine phenol concentration in apples.

Prefazione di Gaetano Domenici PARTE PRIMA VALUTAZIONE E VERIFICA DEGLI APPRENDIMENTI: LE PROVE STRUTTURATE di Stefania Nirchi CAPITOLO PRIMO – LA VALUTAZIONE VERSO CRITERI DI EFFICACIA DEI PROCESSI E DEI RISULTATI CONSEGUITIIntroduzione1.1 La qualità educativa e le norme ISO 9001: 2000: parodia di un dibattito tutto aziendalistico; 1.2 Le molteplici funzioni della valutazione; 1.3 Valutare in classe: criteri e giudizi; 1.4 Come valutare le competenze minime CAPITOLO SECONDO – VALUTARE L’INSEGNAMENTO-APPRENDIMENTOdi Stefania NirchiIntroduzione1. Gli elementi del giudizio valutativo; 2. Aspetti critici di uno strumento per valutare: il portfolio; 3. La riforma dell’Esame di Stato; 4. Differenze fondamentali tra prove tradizionali e prove oggettive; 5. Pregiudizi sulle prove oggettive; 6. Limiti didattici e vantaggi metrologici; 7. I requisiti di validità e attendibilità degli strumentiCAPITOLO TERZO – LE PROVE OGGETTIVE DI PROFITTOdi Stefania Nirchi1. La corsa affannosa verso l’oggettività; 2. Stimoli e risposte: caratteristiche e peculiarità; 3. Tipologia e struttura dei quesiti; 4. Modalità di costruzione delle prove oggettive CAPITOLO QUARTO – LE PROVE OGGETTIVE DI COMPRENSIONE DELLA LETTURAdi Stefania Nirchi1. Decodifica delle idee principali di un testo; 2. Cosa verificano le prove oggettive di comprensione della lettura; 3. Come si costruiscono le prove oggettive di comprensione della lettura CAPITOLO QUINTO – ANALISI E INTERPRETAZIONE DEI DATI VALUTATIVIdi Stefania Nirchi1. Attribuzione dei punteggi e correzione delle prove; 2. Le misure di tendenza centrale; 3. Come misurare la dispersione; 4. La distribuzione pentenaria; 5. Punti Z e punti T; 6. Item Analysis; 7. Dall’interpretazione dei dati valutativi alla decisione didattica; 8. Dubbi legittimi Considerazioni conclusivePARTE SECONDAVALUTAZIONE E VERIFICA DEGLI APPRENDIMENTI: LE PROVE SEMISTRUTTURATEdi Daniela SimeoneCAPITOLO PRIMO– IL DOCENTE E LA VALUTAZIONEdi Daniela SimeoneIntroduzione; 1. Professione docente: una sfida continua; 2. L’azione valutativa; 3. Monitorare l’apprendimento CAPITOLO SECONDO – LE PROVE DI VERIFICA SEMISTRUTTURATEdi Daniela SimeoneIntroduzione; 1. Non solo prove oggettive: perché “semistrutturate”; 1.1 Differenze e analogie; 2. Le prove semistrutturate nella pratica scolastica; 3. Le domande strutturate; 3.1 L’introduzione; 3.2 La formulazione dei quesiti; 3.3 Costruzione della prova, criteri di correzione, attribuzione di punteggio; 3.4 Alcune considerazioni; 4. Le composizioni scritte: dal tema al saggio; 4.1 La prova in classe; 4.2 La traccia; 4.3 Criteri di correzione e attribuzione di punteggio nel saggio; 5. I rapporti di ricerca: struttura e criteri di correzione 6. “Riscrivi con parole tue …”: il riassunto; 6.1 La prova in classe: preparazione e abilità rilevate; 6.2 La “consegna”; 6.3 Criteri di valutazione e attribuzione di punteggio; 7. La mappa concettuale come strumento semistrutturato; 8. La prova di simulazione; 9. La prova orale; 9.1 La costruzione della prova orale CAPITOLO TERZO – CORREZIONE DELLE PROVE SEMISTRUTTURATEdi Daniela Simeone1. Correggere e attribuire punteggi nelle prove semistrutturate; 2. La “misurazione” dei dati; 3. La “descrizione” dei dati; Considerazioni conclusivePARTE TERZA – SEZIONE OPERATIVAdi Stefania Nirchi e Daniela Simeone1. Esempi di prove strutturate; 2. Esempi di prove semistrutturateBibliografia

Silver is the ideal material for plasmonics because of its low loss at optical frequencies, though it is often replaced by a lossier metal, gold. This is because of silver's tendency to tarnish, an effect which is enhanced at the nanoscale due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. Despite chemical tarnishing of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively studied for decades, it has not been well understood whether resulted by sulfidation or oxidation processes. This intriguing quest is herein rationalized by studying the atmospheric corrosion of electron beam lithography-fabricated Ag NPs, through nanoscale investigation performed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) combined with electron energy loss (EEL) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies. We demonstrate that tarnishing of Ag NPs upon exposure to indoor air of an environment located inside a rural site, not particularly influenced by naturally and human-made sulfur sources, is caused by chemisorbed sulfur-based contaminants rather than via an oxidation process. Furthermore, we show that the sulfidation occurs through the formation of crystalline Ag2S bumps onto Ag surface in place of a homogeneous growth of a silver sulfide film. From a single 2D Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy image, a method for 3D reconstruction of silver nanoparticles with extremely high spatial resolution has been derived thus establishing the preferential nucleation of Ag2S bumps in proximity of lattice defects located on the NP surface. Finally, we also provide a straightforward and low-cost solution to achieve stable Ag NPs by passivating them with a self-assembled monolayer of hexanethiols. The sulfidation mechanism inhibition allows to prevent the increased material damping and scattering losses. ? 2016 American Chemical Society.

The advent of Free Electron Lasers (FELs), able to provide short (2-100 fs) and intense (10(33) photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%bandwidth) pulses of light also in the hard X-ray regime (h omega> 2000 eV), opens new possibilities to study the ultrafast dynamics of processes, exploiting the capability of Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) to measure core-level spectra of elements with bulk sensitivity. In order to detect the intense bursts of high kinetic energy electrons generated by the X-ray pulses with an energy resolution comparable to the existing category of electron analyzers, a new class of spectrometers must be designed. We present a characterization of two different TOF spectrometers, namely one based on a retarding cylindrical lens and another one based on the spherical reflector geometry. SIMION (R) software has been used in order to evaluate electron trajectories of high kinetic energy electrons (5000-10,000 eV) and extract transmission properties, angular acceptance and energy resolution. It resulted that while the linear system is able to accept a larger solid angle (similar to 50 msr), the spherical mirror offers a better resolving power (around 71,000). Both analyzers are capable of a transmission above 90% within range of kinetic energies wide enough to measure the full line-shape of a core photoionization peak. Furthermore, we proved that both instruments are able to discriminate between two consecutive electron bunches having a temporal separation inferior than 220 ns, which is the distance between two consecutive photon pulses at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL), which is currently under construction in Hamburg.