Search

Considering the limited resources for providing inpatient services, identification of the factors influencing length of stay (LOS) is of great importance. The current study is a retrospective chart review which was planned to investigate the determinants of LOS in two gender-specific psychiatric wards within Baqiatallah Hospital (BQH) located in Tehran. The observation period was between March 21, 2011 and March 19, 2016. 3203 patients were recruited in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Next, required data on 25 explanatory variables were extracted from their case-files. Descriptive measures were used for analysis and Independent Samples T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bonferroni's post-hoc test for inferential analysis. Lastly, a multiple linear regression model was run to determine significant predictors of psychiatric LOS. Variables significantly correlated with patients' LOS included gender, age, employment status, marital status, number of divorces, disability rate, discharge diagnosis, physical comorbidity, number of previous hospitalizations, suicide ideation, number of suicide attempts, history of assault, tobacco consumption, a history of narcotic drug abuse and number of ECT sessions. Through the analysis of multiple linear regression, it came to light that significant predictors of LOS in the final model could account for 37.9% of the variance in LOS. From the findings of current study, it can be inferred that clinical aspects as well as treatment procedures have major effects on LOS. Although the factors examined here could not explain an acceptable variance in LOS, the results are useful for the treatment team when they want to devise a care plan or give discharge to a patient.

Background: The birth of a child with a hearing disability is a stressful event in the family. Since consanguineous marriages are associated with the incidence of congenital hearing loss, it is expected that such parents will experience greater psychological problems. Objective: The current study investigated and compared anxiety, depression, and stress in parents of children with severe hearing loss who have undergone cochlear implantation with a focus on the relation between parents (consanguineous vs. non-consanguineous). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all 180 couples (360 individuals) who had become parents and attended Baqiyatallah hospital’s Cochlear Implant Center from 2007 to 2009. The participants included two groups of consanguineous (125 couples) and non-consanguineous (55 couples) parents. After providing consent to participate in this study, the participants completed the short form of the Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire (DASS-21). Data analysis was done using SPSS 17 and t test. Results: The participating parents had high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression and anxiety were significantly higher among the consanguineous parents (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). However, stress levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Moreover, compared to the fathers, the mothers had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (P Conclusion: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the birth of a child with hearing loss can be the source of psychological problems in parents, particularly in consanguineous parents. Furthermore, mothers are more psychologically vulnerable than fathers.

The aim of present study was to compare the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) against Masters-Johnson sex therapy (MJST) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in Iranian couples.A randomized treatment trial was conducted. Participants were recruited from the family counseling clinics in Tehran and Isfahan. All were suffering from HSDD as defined by DSM-IV-R criteria. They were assigned randomly to two groups that received 10 sessions of either MCT or MJST. A sexual desire questionnaire was completed by participants before and after therapy and at 6-month follow-up.Sexual desire increased significantly in the MCT group with respect to the MJST group which failed to show any significant improvement from baseline. Both groups showed a reduction in scores at 6-month follow-up. The difference recorded between the two groups after therapy was no longer significant at 6-month follow-up.MCT affected sexual desire more than MJST as evaluated after therapy but the gain was not maintained at follow-up. Future research needs to investigate whether a greater focus on metacognitive beliefs about sexual behavior can improve the stability of treatment effects.

800x600 Psychologists stated that parents’ functions and behaviors influence the formation of children’s thoughts, behaviors and emotions This study aimed to identify the relationship of parenting styles and parents’ perfectionism with normal students’ perfectionism and gifted students’ perfectionism. The study is a descriptive correlation study. The population consisted of all normal and gifted female high school students of Karaj. A sample of 200 students was selected using random sampling method. Data was collected using Hill’s perfectionism questionnaire and BAUMRIND’s parenting styles questionnaire. Researcher used simultaneous multivariate regression and independent sample t-test methods for data analysis. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between perfectionism of normal student’s parents and perfectionism of gifted student’s parents but there is no statistically significant difference between their parenting styles. There is a statistically significant difference between perfectionism of normal students and perfectionism of gifted students. Results also showed that adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism of students are not predictable based on the perfectionism and parenting styles of parents. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}

Objective: Not perceiving circadian shifts of sunlight due to living in enclosed environments may have deleterious effects on mental health and plasma parameters. This study aimed to determine the effect of dim regulation on the submarine personnel of Iranian Navy forces by radiating devices according to natural circadian sunlight shifts. Also, this study aimed to investigate the impact of mimicking sunlight circadian by artificial radiance luminating devices on the serological and psychological measures of submarine personnel. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups in this non-randomized controlled trial. There were 26 participants in each group, and they were all male aged 21-29 years. Both groups were living in the submarine underground hall, with 120 meters 2 area with constant radiance with the same intensity. The experimental group had been given extra lighting devices with changing radiance intensity according to the natural sunlight circadian cycles. Plasma melatonin levels and depression and anxiety scores were determined before and after the experiment for both groups. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Cattell’s Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (IPAT) were used to measure depression and anxiety, respectively. Results: Findings indicate that the plasma melatonin levels (-16.2±13.6 vs 8.0±9.3 mg/dL, respectively; p

Background: Achievement in university education may be related to one’s emotional intelligent (EI) as well as his/her social skills and emotional control. Therefore, it is also probable that the EI be associated with academic and occupational achievement in medical students. Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluation of the relation between EI and academic achievement of students working in the medical field. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences between 2010 and 2011 who had completed at least two academic semesters. Valid Bar-On inventory and average academic scores were used for evaluating EI and academic achievement, respectively. Pearson test was performed to analyze the data. Results: One hundred-fifty medical students were enrolled (mean age 23.17 ± 2.17 years and all were male). The mean of EI score were 303.14 ± 39.32 and 340.11 ± 35.00 in undergraduate and graduated medical students, respectively. There was a significant correlation between EI score and academic achievement (P = 0.001, correlation coefficient: 0.305). Problem solving ability, stress tolerance and self-awareness from all fields showed significant relation with academic achievement (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, EI -especially in problem solving ability, stress tolerance and self-awareness fields- was related to the academic achievement. Therefore, enhancing such abilities may improve the academic and occupational achievement of the medical students.

Objective In this study, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and its specific use for treating epilepsy were carefully scrutinized. Materials & Methods Target researches such as review articles, case reports, books and theses, which had to do with therapeutic method of rTMS were surveyed. It is worth mentioning that until the final stages, the search for records and documents related to rTMS went on and in the end, the collected data underwent a qualitative analysis. Results As the literature review suggests, TMS principally applies electromagnetic induction to generate an electric current inside the brain without physical contact. The therapeutic uses of rTMS are for a wide range of mental disorders, namely epilepsy, chronic pains, motor disorders and so on. Conclusion Despite safety concerns and possible side effects, many researchers subscribe to rTMS and see a bright future for it.

Introduction Multiple handicapped children and children with syndromes and conditions resulting additional disabilities such as cerebral palsy, global developmental delay and autistic spectrum disorder, are now not routinely precluded from receiving a cochlear implant. The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of cochlear implants on the speech perception and intelligibility of deaf children with and without motor development delay. Method In a cohort study, we compared cochlear implant outcomes in two groups of deaf children with or without motor developmental delay (MDD). Among 262 children with pre-lingual profound hearing loss, 28 (10%) had a motor delay based on Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFC). Children with severe motor delays (classification scale levels 4 and 5) and cognitive delays were excluded. All children completed the Categories of Auditory Perception Scales (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) prior to surgery and 24 months after the device was activated. Result The mean age for the study population was 4.09 ± 1.86 years. In all 262 patients the mean CAP score after surgery (5.38 ± 0.043) had a marked difference in comparison with the mean score before surgery (0.482 ± 0.018) ( P = 0.001). The mean CAP score after surgery for MDD children was 5.03, and was 5.77 for normal motor development children (NMD). The mean SIR score after surgery for MDD children was 2.53, and was 2.66 for NMD children. The final results of CAP and SIR did not have significant difference between NMD children versus MDD children ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Regarding to the result, we concluded that children with hearing loss and concomitant MDD as an additional disabilities can benefit from cochlear implantation similar to those of NMD.

Iran ranks first per capita in the use of opiates, but we have little information about possible differences regarding the 2 most commonly used illicit drugs, namely opium and its dross (residue).This is a cross-sectional study.A cross-sectional study about drug abuse and drug dependence in Iran was conducted from April 2006 to August 2008 in the prisons of 28 Iranian provinces, in the treatment centers, and in the streets.To pursue the objectives of this research, participants included 2979 opiate addicts including opium users (n = 2636) and dross users (n = 343), who were not significantly different by gender (P = 0.269) or age (P = 0.452).An anonymous questionnaire was completed through an interview that gathered sociodemographic characteristics and information about some high-risk behaviors.: By the end of the study, we concluded that dross addicts, in comparison with opium addicts, were mostly immigrants from rural areas to urban areas (P = 0.031 χ test, 95% confidence interval [CI]), mostly uneducated, illiterate, or semiliterate (P = 0.04 χ test, 95% CI), had illegal occupations (P = 0.048 χ test, 95% CI), were cigarette smokers (P0.000 χ test, 95% CI), and had experienced drug injections (P = 0.032 χ test, 95% CI) and drug overdose (P = 0.007 χ test, 95% CI). They also had a history of hospital admission within the preceding year because of drug overdose (P0.000) and a record of being arrested and jailed in the past year (P = 0.028 χ test, 95% CI).These results indicated the need for more intensive and effective care for the opioid addicts in Iran.

SUMMARY The aim of this study is to compare the sexual function of kidney transplant recipients and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) in female patients. In the sample population of this study, there were 72 women in the transplant group and 40 women in the HD group. To test the differences in the quantitative variables between these two groups, an independent sample Student's t-test was performed. Sexual relationship, sexual function, sexual frequency and sexual fear in the renal transplant patients are significantly better than HD patients. Sexual intercourse satisfaction was apparently higher in the kidney recipients than in the HD patients. Twenty-one patients in transplanted group described number was 6 (15%) (p = 0.03). This study indicated that female kidney transplant recipients experienced a significantly better sexual relationship compared with the ESRD patients receiving HD.

Restlessness and psychomotor agitation are among the causes of morbidity and mortality in different diseases. They are known problems in end-stage renal disease patients but no study has ever evaluated their presence and effects in kidney recipients. This study aimed to explore the presence of restlessness and psychomotor agitation and their relation with morbidity of patients after renal transplantation. Sixty-one subjects were randomly selected from kidney transplant recipients being followed in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Restlessness and psychomotor agitation were determined by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The correlation of these scores with demographic data, clinical data, sexual function, marital adjustment, quality of life, sleep quality and medical comorbidity of patients was evaluated. The scores of restlessness and psychomotor agitation were significantly correlated with the age at transplantation (r = .269, p = .04 and r = .324, p = .01, respectively), the total score of medical comorbidity (r = .273, p = .02 and r = .257, p = .04, respectively), role limitation due to emotional problems (r = -.26, p = .03 and r = -.25, p = .04, respectively) and mental health (r = -.277, p = .02 and r = -.252, p = .04 respectively). There was no correlation between these symptoms and the gender, marital status, and sexual relationship score of the patients (p > .05). Restlessness and psychomotor agitation are frequent and can impose high degrees of morbidity on renal transplant recipients. Proper management of these problems seems to improve the different aspects of quality of life in these patients.

to evaluate potential efficacy of a new therapeutic approach in posttraumatic stress disorder in comparison with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a standard treatment approach and controls.the study was designed using a randomized controlled trial methodology. Participants were recruited from military servicemen aged between 25 to 50 years who were admitting hospitals of Bushehr, Iran, with the final diagnosis of PTSD. Finally 33 male patients were devided into three subgroups: G1: EMDR; G2: REM Desensitization; and group 3: controls who received no therapy. Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a 37 item death anxiety questionnaire were used for measures.multiple comparisons showed that intrusive thoughts were significantly more likely to improve with REM Desensitization versus EMDR (P=0.03), while depression was more responsive to EMDR (p=0.03). Among the Pittsburgh scale for the quality of sleep items, sleep quality (p=0.02), sleep duration (p=0.001), and total sleep quality score (p=0.002) were significantly more likely to improve in the REM Desensitization group. Change in the absolute death anxiety scores was not different between subgroups excepting EMDR versus control group (p=0.05).REM, desensitization, the new therapeutic approach to PTSD is a highly effective strategy, even more than EMDR, the standard treatment, in most of the evaluated subjects, with special emphasis on sleep symptoms, and also in the management of intrusive thoughts. Depression is the only factor in which, REM Desensitization was significantly less likely to represent a superior therapeutic effect than EMDR.

BacgroundPost traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was first identified among veterans of World War II with a prevalence of 10-67%.It is a disorder caused by the exposure to a traumatic event and characterized by a persistent reexperiencing of the event, persistent avoidance of trauma associated stimuli.Method and materialsWe enrolled the patients whom the diagnoses were confirmed as PTSD according to the Structured Clinical Intrview for DSM-IV (SCID) (American Psychiatric Association 1994) criteria considering non-sleep PTSD symptoms.ResultsAll PTSD patients were male. Mean age (SD) of PTSD patients and control group were 41.36 (5.5) and 40.9 (6.2) years respectively (P>0.05). Table 1 shows the distribution of PTSD patients according to groups of age, education, severity of injury, number of injuries, and years served in war and also their corresponding PSQI scores. Mean PSQI score was not significantly different within mentioned groups (P>0.05). Global PSQ1 score was 4.94 (2.52) and 11.60 (4.21) in control group and PTSD group respectively (P

Background This study sought to answer whether all domains of HRQoL are low among elderly kidney recipients. Methods A cross-sectional study of 162 renal transplanted subjects included group I (age n = 85), group II (age between 40 and 55 years, n = 55), and group III (age > 55 years, n = 22). We compared the total score of the Short Form health survey (SF-36) and its eight subscales, including physical functioning (PF), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to physical health problems (RPh), role limitations due to emotional problems (REm), mental health (MH), vitality (VT), bodily pain (BP), and general health perceptions (GH) between the study groups. Results As compared to groups II and I, group III, showes significantly lower scores of REm (49.12 ± 23.22, 63.03 ± 26.33, 64.36 ± 26.54, P = .08), PF (48.94 ± 27.41, 72.69 ± 25.54, 72.14 ± 22.79, P = .001) and SF-36 total score (46.79 ± 10.52, 54.77 ± 10.66, 54.09 ± 9.35, P = .01). There were no significant differences among SF, RPh, MH, VT, and BP. Group III reported better GH than groups II and I (52.36 ± 9.18, 48.71 ± 12.01, 43.50 ± 14.81, P = .020). Conclusions Increasing age did not result in poor health-related quality of life in all domains. The general health perception was better in the elderly, which might be due to their better coping ability.

The aim of this study is to compare the sexual function of kidney transplant recipients and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) in female patients. In the sample population of this study, there were 72 women in the transplant group and 40 women in the HD group. To test the differences in the quantitative variables between these two groups, an independent sample Student's t-test was performed. Sexual relationship, sexual function, sexual frequency and sexual fear in the renal transplant patients are significantly better than HD patients. Sexual intercourse satisfaction was apparently higher in the kidney recipients than in the HD patients. Twenty-one patients in transplanted group described number was 6 (15%) (p = 0.03). This study indicated that female kidney transplant recipients experienced a significantly better sexual relationship compared with the ESRD patients receiving HD.

Background: Impaired marital adjustment has been introduced as one major complication of PTSD. There are controversial results about the role of Cognitive Behavioral Couple' s Therapy (CBCT) on improvement of marital adjustment of PTSD veterans; the efficacy of CBCT on marital adjustment improvement is questioned in some studies and also there are no similar researches about the affect of CBCT on marital adjustment, conducted among Middle Eastern PTSD veterans. These factors motivated us to perform and evaluate our CBCT protocol among Iranian combat veterans. Methods: we enrolled 60 PTSD veterans with low degrees of marital adjustment. They were randomly distributed into intervention and control groups. Both groups have been evaluated for marital adjustment by means of ENRICH scale before and after intervention and the results were analyzed by MANOVA test. Results: The analysis was based on difference of T2 and T1 (T2-T1) where the mean of T2-T1 was -2.63 for control group and 44.9 for intervention group, sum of squares 69552.7, f=95.4 and sig. �000.1. Conclusion: this shows that the prevalence of marital maladjustment is high among PTSD veterans (43%) and the efficacy of CBCT was significant both for veterans themselves and their spouses.

Sexual difficulty has various effects on patients suffering from this condition that can impact on interpersonal and marital relationships. Sexual function may be adversely affected by stress of any kind and emotional disorders. There have been limited studies focusing on the mental health of those suffering from this problem.To determine the relationship between sexual difficulties and mental health in female patients seeking help in psychiatric clinics.The study was based on the case-control design methodology in which the case group consisted of 165 outpatients of two psychiatric clinics, who were diagnosed with different mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, phobia, aggression, and somatic complaints (33 subjects for each type of disorder). The 33 subjects in the control group were chosen among the patients' relatives and visitors who had no history of either seeking psychiatric help or taking psychiatric drugs. The subjects of both case and control groups were selected based on a convenience sampling method. Moreover, the data were collected based on two techniques of "interview" and "questionnaire;" the latter was of three different subcategories, each dealt with demographic characteristics, sexual difficulties, and a Symptom Check-List-90-Revised.Assessing female sexual difficulties associated with mental health and differences between women with and without psychiatric problems.The obtained results indicated that there was a significant difference between the prevalence of sexual difficulties (e.g., sexual desire and orgasm disorders) in the case group and that of the control group. It was also revealed that there was a significant difference between the depressed, aggressive, as well as those with somatic complaints, and their control group counterparts.In Iran, sexual difficulties seem to be more frequent in those seeking psychiatric help in clinics than in those within the normal population.

Background Psychiatric comorbidities have been reported to be associated with low quality of life, but less attention has been paid to their impact on other morbidity measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of anxiety and depression with marital relation, sexual function, and sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients. Methods In a cross-sectional study between 2005 and 2006, 88 kidney transplant recipients were divided into four groups according to their scores of anxiety and depression using Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS): group I anx (anxiety score n = 64); group II anx (anxiety score ≥ 11; n = 24); group I dep (depression score n = 68); and group II dep (depression score ≥ 11; n = 20). Morbidity measures including quality of life (Short Form-36), marital adjustment (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale), sexual relationship (Relationship and Sexuality Scale), and quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were separately compared between groups of anxious versus nonanxious and depressed versus nondepressed. Results Group I anx , compared with group II anx , displayed a better state of mental health (48.80 ± 7.14 vs. 44.45 ± 7.80; P = .01), general health (49.36 ± 12.77 vs. 42.91 ± 16.67; P = .05), marital adjustment (55.13 ± 8.01 vs. 48.35 ± 16.62; P = .04), and lower sleep disturbance (1.36 ± 0.62 vs. 1.66 ± 0.63; P = .05). Group I dep , compared with group II dep , showed lower fatigue score (39.79 ± 8.30 vs. 46.84 ± 8.85; P = .002) and better sexual relationships (15.28 ± 5.50 vs. 19.00 ± 5.92; P = .03). Conclusions Screening for anxiety and depression in kidney transplant recipients is essential. Appropriate treatment of these prevalent psychiatric comorbidities may improve various aspects of patient well-being, including quality of life, sleep, marital relations, and sexual relationship.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function. Sixty seven women with pelvic organ prolapse were recruited in the study. Degree of pelvic organ prolapse was assessed using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POPQ) staging system. Female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function of the cases preoperatively and 12–16 weeks after the operation. Mean age of the cases was 36.03 ± 5.38 years. The total mean FSFI score increased from 15.9 ± 10.7 to 21.9 ± 11.1 (P < 0.05). Domain scores of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction were increased significantly (P < 0.05). The mean score for the pain-free intercourse decreased significantly. Results demonstrated that sexual function was improved postoperatively. Using various instruments to assess female sexual function and differences in demographic and cultural characteristics of study groups might be the reasons of discrepancy between the reports.

Background: Stress caused by physical disorders of offspring, such as deafness, is the potential reason of depression and anxiety in their parents. This study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety in mothers of children with sensorineural hearing disorders. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 mothers of children diagnosed with profound sensorineural deafness who were referred to Baqiyatallah university hospitals in 2009. Depression and anxiety were assessed by depression and anxiety questionnaire (Beck Second edition). Results: The mean ages of children and mothers were 18.31 ± 4.72 months and 29.42 ± 4.39 years, respectively. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 39 out of 59 (66.10%) and 47 out of 59 (79.66%), respectively. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety in mothers of children with profound sensorineural hearing loss have a high incidence and psychological complications must be considered substantially in mothers of children with hearing disorders.

Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome that contain variable psychical pathology but it is deeply destroying that break out recognition,excitement,perception and other parts of behaviour.the appearance of these symptoms are variable in different persons and duration,but the effect of disease is sever and usually longtime.