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Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and the associated reduction in physical function has a marked impact on both quality of life and survival. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance status (ECOG-PS), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Body Mass Index/ Weight Loss grade (BMI/WL grade), and Computerised Tomography (CT)-derived body composition measurement and physical function in patients with advanced cancer. Nine sites contributed prospective data on patient demographics, ECOG-PS, mGPS, physical function tests, and CT-derived body composition. Categorical variables were analysed using χ 2 test for linear-by-linear association, or χ 2 test for 2-by-2 tables. Associations were analysed using binary logistic regression. A total of 523 cancer patients (266 males, 257 females) were included in the final analysis and most had metastatic disease (83.2%). The median overall survival was 5.6 months. On multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a high ECOG-PS remained independently associated with a low skeletal muscle index ( p < 0.001), low skeletal muscle density ( p < 0.05), and timed up and go test failure ( p < 0.001). A high mGPS remained independently associated with a low skeletal muscle density ( p < 0.05) and hand grip strength test failure ( p < 0.01). A high BMI/WL grade remained independently associated with a low subcutaneous fat index ( p < 0.05), low visceral obesity ( p < 0.01), and low skeletal muscle density ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high ECOG-PS and a high mGPS as outlined in the ECOG-PS/mGPS framework were consistently associated with poorer body composition and physical function in patients with advanced cancer., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to report.