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Background: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) and the NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome play important roles in bone remodeling. However, expression profiles of these factors in bone cells under diabetes mellitus (DM) and estrogen‐deficient conditions are poorly understood. This study investigated the immunoexpression of ANXA1 and its formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), as well as NLRP3 inflammasome mediators, during remodeling of the alveolar process in diabetic and estrogen‐deficient rats. Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Sham‐operated (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats received a vehicle solution, and SHAM and OVX rats were intraperitoneally administered 60 mg/kg/body weight (BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM (SHAM‐Di and OVX‐Di groups). After 7 weeks, the rats were euthanized and their maxillae were fixed in phosphate‐buffered 4% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and picrosirius red or subjected to immunohistochemical detection of ANXA1, FPR2, NLRP3, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2). Results: Estrogen deficiency and DM were associated with deleterious effects in bone tissue, as evidenced by a lower number of osteocytes and higher number of empty lacunae in the SHAM‐Di and OVX‐Di groups compared to the nondiabetic groups. Both diabetic groups showed a smaller vascular area and weaker collagen fiber birefringence intensity in alveolar bone tissue. A significantly higher number of ANXA1/FPR2‐positive osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts was accompanied by a significantly higher number of these cells immunolabeled for COX2, NLRP3, and IL‐1β in the diabetic and OVX groups, especially in both estrogen‐deficient and diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results indicate a possible role for the ANXA1/FPR2 pathway as a fine‐tuning/anti‐inflammatory regulator to counterbalance exacerbated COX2/NLRP3/IL‐1β activation in bone cells during bone remodeling under estrogen deficiency and DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: estudar os efeitos do danazol sobre a mama da rata em estro permanente. Métodos: os animais foram divididos em três grupos: os do grupo A (n = 12) receberam água (placebo), como grupo controle; os do grupo B (n = 13) foram expostos a 20 mg/kg de danazol por dia; os do grupo C (n = 10) foram expostos a 80 mg/kg de danazol por dia. A droga foi administrada durante 35 dias consecutivos. O estudo microscópico dos cortes avaliou a distribuição ductal e acinar. A histometria da relação ducto/estroma foi feita baseada nos princípios da estereologia, com ocular k-10X da Zeiss, com retículo de integração (Integrationsplatte I-retículo de Weibel de 25 hits), com aumento final de 100 vezes. Para cada lâmina estudada, foram contados 10 campos aleatórios, num total de 250 pontos. O teste aplicado foi a análise de variância por postos de Kruskal-Wallis, para comparar os três grupos em relação ao número médio de alvéolos e ductos nas mamas (alfa = 0,05). Resultados: em todos os grupos, os lóbulos apresentaram ao estudo morfológico alvéolos revestidos com células cúbicas com núcleos na sua porção central ou basal. Pequenas quantidades de material eosinofílico foram observadas em alguns casos na sua luz. À morfometria (magnificação de 100X) encontraram-se em média 28,6 ductos/10 campos no grupo A, 28,4 no grupo B e 29,2 no grupo C (análise de Kruskal-Wallis: Hcrit = 0,1). As médias dos números de alvéolos /10 campos foram 5,9 (grupo A), 9,3 (grupo B) e 6,5 (grupo C) (Kruskal-Wallis Hcrit = 2.9), sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: o danazol não causou nenhuma alteração significante na morfologia e morfometria do epitélio das mamas das ratas em estro permanente.

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Objective: Respiratory repercussion on acute lung injury in a model of induced sepsis intraperitoneally., Methods: Fifteen animals taken at random were submitted to adult male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15): Group C - control group received only mechanical ventilation; Group S - rats received live Escherichia coli (E. coli) intraperitoneally (septic) and after 6 hours they were treated with normal saline infusion and ventilated with a low tidal volume. Group S+PTX - rats received live Escherichia coli intraperitoneally (septic) and after 6 hours they were treated with pentoxifylline (PTX) infusion and ventilated with a low tidal volume. All animals were ventilated during 180 minutes. We analyzed the arterial blood gases, gravimetric indices and histomorphometric analysis., Results: Blood gases, wet to dry ratios, and total protein concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed in all experimental groups. In the end of the experiment the partial pressure of oxygen was higher in the GS+PTX (460,0 +/- 38,2 mmHg) compared with GS (336,0 +/- 14,6 mmHg). Pentoxifylline with low tidal volume attenuated significantly total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The septal diameter was significantly reduced in the group GS compared with group GS+PTX (P < 0,05)., Conclusions: The pentoxifylline ameliorated the oxygenation and decreased the deleterious effects of sepsis in the associated mechanical ventilation.