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Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A., Vasconcelos, Simão D. (2021): Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters. Journal of Natural History 55 (5-6): 305-340, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai (Lopes, 1976) (Figure 3) Cucullomyia alvarengai Lopes, 1976b:752. Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Surumu. Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai; Pape 1996: 431. (catalogue). Type-material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Roraima, Surumu, ix.1966, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with base broad and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the apical half (Figure 3 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 1). Body length = 10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.65 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.23 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity at the top and silver at the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.84 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 (poorly differentiated) + 4 (2 anteriormost poorly differentiated, 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 8–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, 3 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 8 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 2 median posterodorsal setae; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, additionally 1 basal and 1 median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown, except T4− T5 reddish brown, with golden pruinosity on lateral and dorsal spots; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on the ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2-4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 3 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown, syntergosternite 7 + 8, epandrium and surstylus yellowish brown; epandrium with a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with a slight swelling of the posterior margin and apical setae (Figure 3 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 3 (b)); pregonite long and broad, with spatulate apex (Figure 3 (c)); postgonite 0.5x the pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 3 (c)); basiphallus about 4x paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 3 (c)); vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta as two lobes, with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with broad base and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the distal half (Figure 3 (d,e)). FEMALE. Described and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Roraima). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) alvarengai closely resembles T. (C.) pedunculata in the shape of vesica, pregonite and surstylus (Figures 1 (b,c,e), 3(b,c,e)), as detailed under T. (C.) pedunculata. This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by the unique shape and ornamentation of the vesica and the shape of the juxtal lobes (Figure 3 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 323-325, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata (Hall, 1931) (Figure 1) Sarcophaga pedunculata Hall, 1931: 284. Type locality: USA, Texas, Victoria. Cucullomyia pedunculata: Lopes 1969: 47. (catalogue); Lopes 1976b: 747. (key, redescription of male) Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata: Pape 1996: 432. (catalogue). Type-material examined. PARATYPES. 2 ♂: USA, Texas, Victoria, 23.iv.1946, R. A. Roberts leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed tip in profile and distal margin forming an outward-facing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). Redescription. MALE (n = 2). Body length = 10.0–12.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.45 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.30 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–8 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.81 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 3.0x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, pre-sutural dorsocentrals poorly differentiated, except two setae close to head and one near suture; post-sutural dorsocentrals 4 (posteriormost 2 well developed), intraalars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–8; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowishbrown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, a row of anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae with wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 1 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with yellowish pruinosity and a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with some longer apical setae (Figure 1 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 1 (b)); pregonite long, distal half bent at almost 90° and with spatulate apex (Figure 1 (c)); postgonite as long as pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 1 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 1 (c)); vesica with proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed end in profile and distal margin forming an outwardfacing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). FEMALE. Redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Nearctic). Mexico (Baja California North), USA (Texas). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) pedunculata closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai, as both have a vesica with only the proximal membranous projection and without distal projections (Figures 1 (e), 3(e)) besides similarities in the shape of pregonite and surstylus shape (Figures 1 (b,c), 3(b,c)). This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by having the ST5 more widely open (Figure 1 (a)) and by the unique shape of the basal projection of the vesica (Figure 1 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 317-321, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Hall DG. 1931. New Texas Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Entomol News. 42: 280 - 286.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes, 1935) (Figures 4, 7 (c), 9(a–c)) Sarcophaga larvicida Lopes, 1935b: 470. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; Cucullomyia larvicida; Lopes 1969: 47 (catalogue, new combination); Lopes 1976b: 749 (key, redescription); Linhares 1981: 197 (synantropy); Carvalho and Linhares 2001: 606 (list, forensic); Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida; Pape 1996: 432 (catalogue, new combination); Barros et al. 2008: 607 (list, forensic); Carvalho and Mello-Patiu 2008: 402 (key, forensic); Moretti et al. 2008: 693 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2009: 924 (list, forensic); Rosa et al. 2011:427 (list, forensic); Alves et al. 2014: 82 (list, forensic); Mello-Patiu et al. 2014: 143 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2015: 113 (list, forensic); Sousa et al. 2015: 6 (list, distribution, forensic); Sousa et al. 2016: 9 (forensic, community ecology); Barbosa et al. 2017: 463 (list, diversity), Buenaventura and Pape 2018: 844 (morphological phylogeny); Carvalho-Filho et al. 2018: 401 (list, diversity); Faria et al. 2018: 187 (list, forensic), Barbosa et al. 2020: 92 (list, distribution). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico, x.1935, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. PARATYPES 2 ♂: same data as holotype (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: BRAZIL, Parayba do Norte [estado da Paraíba], Santa Luzia, Fazenda Fechado, v.1935, R. V. Ihering leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Additional examined material. BRAZIL − 3 ♂: Pernambuco, Buíque, ix.2015, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 3 ♂: Paraíba, Boqueirão, ii. 2017, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Cambuquira, ii.1942, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú, 28.v.1939, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 12.xi.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 18.iii.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; BRAZIL – 1 ♂: Mato Grosso do Sul, Porto Murtinho, 11–26.xii.2012, Nihei, S. leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae; vesica as long as wide, with a single sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded distal portion with spinose ornamentation (Figure 4 (d,e)); juxta ovoid, roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figure 4 (c–e)); median style slightly larger than the lateral ones with a spinous apex (Figure 4 (d,e)); lateral styli robust, with spinous apical half (Figure 4 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 14). Body length = 6.5–10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.52 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.35 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish with some golden pruinosity around the ocellar triangle; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 5–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle blackish brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity in upper portion and grey pruinosity on the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.74 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 3/4; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 − 5 poorly differentiated setae (except one setae close to the head and one near suture) + 4 − 5 (2–3 short setae and 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part (Figure 7 (c)),pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 3/4 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 4 − 6 median anterior setae, 4 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 1 − 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T3 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12 − 16); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms covered with fine setae in the basal portion and spine-like setae in the distal half (Figure 4 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with slightly yellowish pruinosity, sparse setulae and 1 − 2 pairs of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short, narrow, and clavate, with some few apical setae (Figure 4 (b)); cercal prongs narrow, slightly apart in the middle region in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 4 (b)); pregonite long and curved, with enlarged and spatulate apex (Figure 4 (c)); postgonite about 0.5x pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 4 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 4 (c,e)); vesica as long as wide, with a single, sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded and spinous distal portion (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(c)); juxta as two ovoid lobes, each one roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figures 4 (c,e), 9(a)); median style slightly longer than the lateral ones, with a spinous apex (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)); lateral styli robust, with spinous distal half (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)). FEMALE. Described in Lopes (1935), redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Federal District, Maranhão, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul *, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) larvicida closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai , T. (C.) albuquerquei and T. (C.) pedunculata, all of which have a vesica with an unpaired projection at the base (Figure 4 (e)). However, the projection is sclerotised in T. (C.) larvicida whereas it is membranous in the other species. This species also differs from the other congeneric species by having a vesica with the distal lobes conspicuously ornamented with spines (Figure 4 (d,e)). Additionally, in the present study T. (C.) larvicida had its geographic distribution updated for the Brazilian territory. From the examined material, field data and literature records, the presence of this species was confirmed for the Brazilian states of the Midwest, North, Northeast and Southeast regions. Finally, we highlight the presence of T. (C.) larvicida in the Caatinga domain, a type of dry and open forest exclusive in the northeastern Brazil, where this species was attracted by three types of bait: rotten bovine spleen, decomposing fish and fresh human faeces., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 327-329, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1935 b. Sobre duas especies de Sarcophaga cujas larvas sao predatoras (Dipt. Sarcophagidae). Rev Entomol. 5: 470 - 478.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Linhares AX. 1981. Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 25: 189 - 215.","Carvalho LML, Linhares AX. 2001. Seasonality of insect successions and pig carcass decomposition on a natural forest area in Southeastern Brazil. J Forensic Sci. 46: 604 - 608.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558.","Barros RM, Mello-Patiu CA, Pujol-Luz JR. 2008. Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) associados a decomposicao de carcacas de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) em area de cerrado do Distrito Federal, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 606 - 609. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000400011.","Carvalho CJB, Mello-Patiu CA. 2008. Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 390 - 406. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000300012.","Moretti TC, Ribeiro OB, Thyssen PJ, Solis DR. 2008. Insects on decomposing carcasses of small rodents in a secondary forest in Southeastern Brazil. Europ J Entomol. 105: 691 - 696. doi: 10.14411 / eje. 2008.094.","Barbosa RR, Mello-Patiu CA, Mello RP, Queiroz MMC. 2009. New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 104: 923 - 926. doi: 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762009000600018.","Rosa TA, Babata MLY, Souza CM, Sousa D, Mello-Patiu CA, Vaz-de-melo FZ, Mendes J. 2011. Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 55: 424 - 434. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000045.","Alves ACF, Santos WE, Creao-Duarte AJ. 2014. Diptera (Insecta) de importancia forense da regiao Neotropical. Entomotropica. 29: 77 - 94.","Mello-Patiu CA, Paseto ML, Faria LS, Mendes J, Linhares AX. 2014. Sarcophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened neotropical biome. Rev Bras Entomol. 58: 142 - 146. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000200005.","Barbosa TM, Mello-Patiu CA, Vasconcelos SD. 2015. Flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) survey on coastal environments in Northeastern Brazil: new records and notes on the expanded geographical distribution. Entomotropica. 30: 112 - 117.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Esposito MC. 2015. Distribution and abundance of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) in Maranhao, northeastern Brazil. J Insect Sci. 15: 70 - 79. doi: 10.1093 / jisesa / iev 054.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Juen L, Esposito MC. 2016. Evaluating the effects of different vegetation types on necrophagous fly communities (Diptera: Calliphoridae; Sarcophagidae): implications for conservation. PLoS One. 11: 1 - 23.","Barbosa TM, Carmo RFR, Silva LP, Sales RG, Vasconcelos SD. 2017. Diversity of sarcosaprophagous calyptratae (Diptera) on sandy beaches exposed to increasing levels of urbanization in Brazil. Environ Entomol. 46: 460 - 469. doi: 10.1093 / ee / nvx 059.","Buenaventura E, Pape T. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zool J Linnean Soc. 183: 808 - 906. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 070.","Carvalho-Filho FS, Gorayeb IS, Soares JMM, Souza MT. 2018. Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species. 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High copper (Cu) soil contents, due to the continuous vineyard application of Cu fungicides throughout the years, may impair the growth of the shoot and modify the structure of the root system. The current study aimed to investigate the threshold levels of available Cu in the soil causing toxicity effects in young grapevine plants of ‘Red Niagara’ cultivated in clay soils. Grapevine plantlets were cultivated in pots containing vineyard devoted soils with increasing contents of available Cu (25, 80, 100 and 165 mg kg?1 ), for 53 days. Photosynthesis and transpiration rates, and the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were evaluated during the cultivation period. At the end of the experiment, the plant nutrient and leaf chlorophyll were determined, along with the anatomical analysis of the root system structure and plant dry matter determination. Higher levels of available Cu in the soil increased the apoplastic, symplastic and total fraction of the metal in the roots, reducing the other nutrients, especially in the shoots. Photosynthesis, transpiration rates and Fv/Fm were also reduced. Higher levels of Cu led to anatomical changes in the roots, that increased diameter, number of layers in the cortex, vascular cylinder and total root areas. It also resulted in reduced dry matter production by grapevines. Keywords: Available Cu Net photosynthesis Maximum quantum yield Root diameter Vitis labrusca L Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-11T00:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Highcoppercontentinvineyardsoilspromotesmodi64257cationsin.pdf: 1434017 bytes, checksum: 77453d1f9f03c8da1881ad6ee30af116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-09

The goal of this research was to assess the effect of tobacco on structural and haemodynamic parameters in carotid arteries. 103 subjects (51 smokers and 52 non-smokers) were evaluated by a trained radiographer using ultrasound equipment. The smokers group was divided into four different categories depending on the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Several parameters were evaluated by B-mode and pulsed Doppler images acquired in longitudinal and transverse sections of the common carotid arteries: intima-media thickness (IMT), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV). Our results suggest that smoking has negative effects on carotid artery structure and haemodynamics, and female smokers are more likely to develop vascular changes. Smoking is a risk factor for alterations in carotid artery haemodynamics. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Inventories on necrophagous insects carried out in Brazil encompass mostly species from the southeastern and central-western regions of the country. This review aims to produce the first checklist of necrophagous Diptera and Coleoptera species of forensic relevance in northeastern Brazil, an area that concentrates high rates of homicides. We performed a literature survey on scientific articles, theses and dissertations regarding necrophagous insect species in the region, and contacted scientists who develop research on forensic entomology. Fifty-two species of Diptera belonging to eight families with previous record of necrophagy were reported in the region: Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Piophilidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae and Stratiomyidae. Coleopteran species from six families of forensic relevance were registered, although taxonomical identification remained superficial. Bait traps were the most frequent methodology used, followed by collection on animal carcasses. Seven Dipteran species from two families were registered on human cadavers. All species had been previously reported in other Brazilian states and/or other countries, although none has been effectively used in legal procedures in the region. The status of research on forensic entomology in northeastern Brazil is incipient, and the checklist produced here contributes to the knowledge on the local diversity of necrophagous insects. Inventários de insetos necrófagos no Brasil abordam em sua maioria espécies das regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país. Esta revisão visa apresentar um checklist de espécies necrófagas de Diptera e Coleoptera de importância forense no Nordeste brasileiro, uma área que concentra elevadas taxas de homicídio. Nós conduzimos uma revisão bibliográfica consultando artigos, teses e dissertações sobre espécies necrófagas na região, e contatamos cientistas que desenvolvem pesquisa em entomologia forense. Cinquenta e duas espécies de Diptera pertencentes a oito famílias com registro prévio de necrofagia foram registrados na região: Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Piophilidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae e Stratiomyidae. Espécies de Coleoptera de seis famílias de importância forense foram listadas, embora a identificação taxonômica tenha sido superficial. Armadilhas contendo iscas foram o método de coleta mais frequente, seguidas de coleta sobre carcaças animais. Sete espécies de Diptera pertencentes a duas famílias foram registradas sobre cadáveres humanos. Todas as espécies haviam sido previamente registradas em outros estados brasileiros e/ou em outros países, embora nenhuma tenha sido efetivamente utilizada em procedimentos legais na região. O status da pesquisa em entomologia forense no Nordeste do Brasil é incipiente, e o checklist apresentado neste trabalho contribui para sistematizar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade local de insetos necrófagos.

The female of Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 is described for the first time and Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), a species introduced from Europe, is recorded for the first time on the island of Fernando de Noronha, state of Pernambuco. The latter, along with T. lyonneti (Audouim, 1826) recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is the second species of this genus to be reported from Brazil. The spiders were collected with pitfall traps in five points of the island. Ecological data showed that Gnaphosidae was the fifth best sampled spider family, with 179 specimens, belonging to two species, T. kulczynskii and Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii was the most abundant with 118 adults while Z. hortenciae was represented by only 21 adults. Both species were collected during the dry and wet seasons but T. kulczynskii was more abundant during the wet season while Z. hortenciae was more abundant during the dry season. The male:female ratio for the dry season was similar for both species but in the wet season it was three times higher for T. kulczynskii.A fêmea de Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 é descrita pela primeira vez. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), uma espécie de origem européia, é registrada pela primeira vez na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, no estado de Pernambuco. Junto com T. lyonneti (Audouin, 1826), já registrado para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, é a segunda espécie do gênero introduzida no Brasil. As aranhas foram coletadas com armadilhas de solo em cinco pontos da ilha e os dados ecológicos detectados para Gnaphosidae foram de que esta foi a quinta família melhor amostrada dentre Araneae, com 179 espécimes de duas espécies, T. kulczynskii e Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii foi mais abundante com 118 adultos enquanto Z. hortenciae teve 21 adultos coletados. Ambas foram coletadas nas estações seca e chuvosa, sendo que T. kulczynskii foi mais abundante na estação chuvosa enquanto Z. hortenciae o foi na estação seca. A proporção de machos e fêmeas foi similar na estação seca, mas na estação chuvosa a proporção de T. kulczynskii foi três vezes maior.

Entre os danos causados por insetos, destaca-se a destruição de monumentos históricos de grande valor artístico, cultural e econômico. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o papel dos insetos na destruição de igrejas de Recife e Olinda, tombadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Através de visitas, questionários e pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, buscou-se identificar os principais causadores de danos e os métodos preventivos e de controle. Observou-se que os insetos, especialmente os cupins e coleobrocas, são os principais agentes causadores de danos, segundo 90% dos entrevistados. Observou-se também que os métodos de prevenção e controle de insetos mais utilizados baseiam-se no uso de venenos caseiros.

© 2014 The Author(s). European Journal of Neurology © 2014 EAN, Background and purpose: Olfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and it is one of the earliest non-motor symptoms. A few studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) could improve olfactory function. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effect of bilateral STN-DBS on a commonly used smell test in PD patients. Methods: Fifteen PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS and 15 controls were recruited. Patients and controls were tested for odor identification. Results: No statistical differences were documented between ON and OFF STN-DBS acute stimulation concerning olfaction. Controls presented a better performance for olfactory identification than patients. Conclusions: Our exploratory study did not support that bilateral STN-DBS could have an acute effect on olfactory function in PD patients.