Search

Anterior cross bite is an occlusal etiological factor for the occurrence of gingival recession and resorption of the alveolar bone. Aim: To examine the condition of the alveolar bone in relation to incisor inclination in subjects with anterior cross bite. Materials and methods: Sixty one eligible subjects, with a mean age of 25.66±10.51 years, presented with anterior cross bite of a single teeth or a group of teeth. The distribution of patients by sex is women-42.6% and men-57.4%. The inclination of the upper and lower incisors was evaluated and analysed with Steiner C method. The bone resorption in the two jaws (distance from the enamel-cement junction of the incisors up to the beginning of the alveolar bone) was measured up to 0.01 mm. Results: Protrusions constituted a higher percentage than retrusion in both jaws. The mean value of bone resorption in the maxilla of subjects with retrusion was 4.01mm, whereas in subjects with protrusion, it was 3.42mm (p = 0.062). The mean value of bone resorption in the mandible of subjects with retrusion was 4.56mm, whereas in subjects with protrusion, it was 4.36mm. The bone resorption mean of the patients with retrusion in the mandible was 0.55mm higher than the mean of the patients with retrusion in the maxilla with high statistical significance (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Higher levels of bone resorption were observed in the mandible as compared to the maxilla. A significant linear relationship was found between the inclination of the incisors and the degree of bone resorption.

Introduction: The main goal of orthodontic retention is to keep the teeth in their corrected positions. Fixed or removable retainers are the most common types of retainers used during the retention phase. For the maxilla, various types of retainers have been described, including the vacuum-formed retainers and Hawley retainers. Fixed retainers are used for the lower jaw. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the retention characteristics of Hawley retainers, vacuum-formed retainers, and fixed retainers in preserving dental arch dimensions and tooth alignment. Materials and methods: Seventy subjects were examined and distributed into two retention groups. One of the groups received maxillary Hawley retainers and bonded retainers in the mandible. The other group received maxillary vacuum-formed retainers and bonded retainers in the mandible. The mean retention period was two years. Maxillary and mandibular casts were analyzed at pretreatment, debonding, and two years in retention. The assessed measurements were the arch length, intercanine width, interpremolar width, intermolar width and Little’s irregularity index. Results: Vacuum-formed retainers maintained maxillary anterior teeth alignment more effectively than Hawley retainers did. No differences in transversal dimensions were found between the two retention protocols. Hawley retainers showed superior retention characteristics in maxillary arch length preservation compared to vacuum-formed retainers. Even with bonded retainers, relapse could still happen. All measured variables showed a tendency to relapse to the pretreatment values in the two groups. Conclusions: Vacuum-formed retainer maintained maxillary incisor position more effectively than Hawley retainers did. No differences were observed in the transversal dimensions between the two groups. A greater decrease in the mandibular intermolar width was measured between T1 and T2 in both groups where bonded retainers were used.

Purpose: To assess the degree of bone destruction for teeth in anterior crossbite by means of 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry. Material/methods: 20 patients with anterior crossbite underwent 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry of the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible. The destruction of the bone in the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible was measured (vestibularly and lingually)– the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the top of the alveolar bone. The parameters of bone resorption for teeth 21 and 31 on cephalogramsand 3D computed tomography images were compared. For both incisors, the mean value registered by means of cephalometry was slightly higher than that registered with 3D. Results: The total mean value of bone destruction for anterior teeth was significantly higher vestibularly compared to lingually, both for the maxilla (p = 0.030) and mandible (p = 0.030). Significantly higher mean values ​​of bone destruction were found in the mandible compared to the maxilla. For both incisors (21 and 31), the mean value of resorption recorded by cephalometry was slightly higher than that recorded by 3D cone beam computed tomography, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: We found significantly higher values ​​of vestibular bone destruction compared to lingual bone destruction. Bone destruction in the mandible reached a significantly higher level than that in the maxilla. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean values ​​of bone destruction measured by means of cephalometry and 3D cone beam computed tomography.

Aim: The study was governed by two main goals: 1) To assess the skeletal maturation of young patients who were undergoing orthodontic treatment with rapid maxillary expansion; 2) To compare their chronological age with their skeletal maturation stage. Material and methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 74 patients were randomly selected and analyzed. The sample included 51 girls and 23 boys in late mixed and permanent dentition, with an average age of 13.2 (± 2.24) in the range from 9 to 17 years. The assessment of skeletal maturation followed the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods of Baccetti et al. and Lamparski. Results: The results showed 53% consistency and 47% discrepancy between the chronological and skeletal age of the patients. In the age group 9-13.5 years, the discrepancies reached 73.5%. The difference in percentages was statistically significant, p

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal and chronological age of adolescent Bulgarian female and male patients with а transverse maxillary deficit in order to establish the level of consistencies and discrepancies within and between the two sexes. Material and methods: The data included lateral cephalometric radiographs of 74 patients, among whom 51 girls and 23 boys. The patients’ ages ranged between 9 and 17 years, with an average age of 13.2 years (±2.24). The assessment of skeletal maturation followed the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods of Baccetti et al. and Lamparski. Comparison of skeletal and chronological age was performed for patients before age spurt and after age spurt within the female and male groups. The two sexes were compared in view of consistencies and discrepancies between chronological and skeletal age. Results: The results showed a statistically lower percentage of consistencies and a higher percentage of discrepancies in patients before age spurt for both sexes. Vice versa, in patients after age spurt consistencies, constituted a statistically higher percentage for both sexes. As a whole, the female patients had a slightly higher percentage of consistency (54%) between chronological and skeletal age than the male patients (48%), but the difference of 6% was not statistically significant p = 0.73. The discrepancies towards a higher skeletal age constituted 83% of the total number of discrepancies among the female patients and 75% of the discrepancies among the male patients. The difference of 8% was not significant, p = 0.56. The mean chronological age of the female and male patients in each CVS stage was very similar. Conclusion: In patients with incomplete skeletal growth, skeletal age corresponds to a higher level of maturation than predicted by the patients’ chronological age in both female and male patients. The two sexes show similar trends of accelerated skeletal maturation without statistically significant differences. Our results differ from previous findings of the existence of sexual dimorphism in skeletal age maturation.

Introduction: A number of studies have indicated that only certain types of, such as proclined teeth, deep bite and anterior crossbite, can be considered risk factors for gingival recession. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the association between anterior crossbite and gingival recession. Materials and methods: We monitored 80 patients aged 18 - 52 with anterior crossbite in one or more teeth. 960 teeth were examined, of which 501 exhibited gingival recession. To determine the site of the crossbite intraoral examination was utilized. We visually ascertained the presence of gingival recession and measured it with a periodontal probe CP15(UNC15). Odds ratio and chi-square test were used to examine the association between anterior crossbite and gingival recession. Results were considered statistically significant at alpha ≤ 0.05. Results: Our results show no statistically significant relationship between the presence of gingival recession and anterior crossbite in the upper jaw (p>0.05), and a statistically significant association in the lower jaw (p< 0.05). The Odd Ratio (OR) values in all lower frontal teeth were higher than 1 and statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of gingival recession development is higher in teeth with anterior crossbite in the lower jaw. In the maxilla, there is no statistically significant relationship between crossbite and gingival recession occurrence.