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In this research work, a methodology for a requirements organizing system based on requirements engineering techniques and project management standards is proposed, which allows monitoring and supporting the planning and managment of the requirements of projects participating in different academic calls for proposals issued by sponsoring organization for academic projects. As a case study, the research calls of the PRODEP a program for the Teacher Professional Development of the SEP (Secretaría de Educación Pública), of México was selected. This system will allow to understand and satisfy customer needs, the designers, to monitor and control their projects, from the beginning to the end. The methodology of a requirements organization system allows the assimilation of good practices in the areas of requirements engineering, information quality, among others.

En el mundo globalizado se requiere contar con ingenieros líderes de proyectos, que puedan realizar labores de evaluadores de proyectos con éxito. El sistema propuesto permite hacer un análisis comparativo de los diferentes proyectos participantes en eventos de invención, innovación y creatividad, basados en sus características de calidad en uso, funcionalidad y usabilidad, mediante un plan de métricas externas y de calidad en uso. El modelo está basado en normas internacionales (ISO/IEC 9126, 14598, IEEE 1061) y modelos mexicanos (MECHDAV), y software propuesto, es desarrollado en un ambiente visual WEB, para dispositivos móviles (tabletas), permiten evaluar genéricamente la calidad de los proyectos-productos-servicios que participan en los concursos mencionados; este sistema proporciona un soporte a las personas evaluadoras (jurados) para emitir dictámenes imparciales con mayor precisión cuantitativa. Este sistema está dirigido a organizaciones, empresas y usuarios finales que necesiten seleccionar, fácilmente, los proyectos desarrollados con más calidad, para ser los ganadores en estos concursos. Se proporciona una guía para la instrumentación concreta de la evaluación, así como sus rangos, la presentación, procedimientos y documentación. In the globalized world, the participation of leading project engineers who can successfully perform project evaluators' work, is required. The proposed system allows to make a comparative analysis of the different projects participating in events of invention, innovation and creativity, based on their characteristics of quality in use, functionality and usability, through a plan of external metrics and quality in use. The model is based on international standards (ISO / IEC 9126, 14598, IEEE 1061) and Mexican models (MECHDAV), and the proposed software is developed in a visual WEB environment for mobile devices (tablets), allow to evaluate the quality generically Of the projects-products-services involved in the aforementioned competitions; This system provides support to evaluators (juries) to issue impartial opinions with greater quantitative accuracy. This system is aimed at organizations, companies and end users who need to easily select the projects developed with the highest quality, to be the winners in these competitions. A guide is provided for the specific instrumentation of the evaluation, as well as its ranks, presentation, procedures and documentation.

Globalization urges the necessity of having world class leaders, and very frequently in its formation, is required to teach them computational tools to mainly improve their project management facilities. In order to give project management a greater quality, a very important point is to control and follow up all users’ diverse requirements, from the beginning to the end of each or any type of project: administrative, academic, engineering, software, video games, virtual and mixed reality, etc. This research shows a project requirements manager’s approach which allows knowing the specific requirements in each of its phases and give an advanced description of its various types and their traceability. This prototype promotes project requirement management best practices, and link them to the various areas of engineering, administration, planning and also with society, industry, commerce and academic sectors.

The use of mobile devices among the young population has become widespread, to read newspapers, books or magazines, find information for school assignments, and communicate with their peers for student activities, which can be used to motivate better academic performance. New applications and platforms for learning management, related to new technologies, increasingly accessible such as mobile, with smartphones or tablets in the classroom, forces teachers to use these advantages in their teaching and learning strategies. This paper presents a study, at the National Technological Institute of Mexico, on how the use of this mobile technology is correlated with better results in academic performance for engineering students in mathematics and written language, not so for physics. So also, how the widespread use of social networks and applications for leisure, such as video games, can become a strategic motivational element for learning. The study also shows the need to strengthen the commitment of teachers to link these technologies effectively in the classroom, and not leave it in an intentionality.

Nem tudo são rosas: refletindo os preconceitos, as lutas e conquistas femininas, organizado pelas Dras. Clarisse Ismério (Urcamp) e Carine Prevedello (UFRJ), é um espaço de resistência das mulheres. Um espaço que não ignora o fato de que a reflexão feminista precisa ser interseccional e não deixar nenhum corpo para trás. Nem tudo são rosas compila estudos baseados na literatura, nas experiências próprias ou de terceiras, mas sobretudo traz diversidade e levanta problemáticas importantes no contexto mundial. Além disso, conta com apresentação da incrível Esther Grossi.

To have software tools that facilitate the rapid development of applications and generate information systems is a requirement in a globalized world. Worldwide in the engineers training field it is basic to apply measurements and evaluations to the rapid design tools used to obtain applications faster and generate quality information systems in order to determine the best for this purpose. This paper revises MECRAD and proposes its introduction in the formation programs of engineers which is a methodology for the technical evaluation of the visual environments tools to generate information systems where this type of commercial products are evaluated using as reference basic elements of international standards. With this methodology one can evaluate and select in an effective and easy way, those tools and development platforms best suited to create applications in visual environments, in order to generate information systems with quality and sustainability. It is useful for higher education institutions, organizations, companies and system’s end users, among others.

Sleep disorders are prevalent in Parkinson's disease but underreported in clinical settings. The contribution of sleep disorders to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with this degenerative neurological disease are not well known.To evaluate the impact of insomnia symptoms, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and poor sleep quality on HRQOL in a cohort of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.We enrolled a convenience sample of 66 adults seen in the University of Miami Movement Disorders Clinic between July 2011 and June 2013. Participants completed validated questionnaires to determine insomnia symptoms, OSA risk, depression, anxiety, and HRQOL. All patients underwent unattended polysomnography to confirm OSA. Results were compared for those with and without insomnia symptoms. Principal component and regression analyses were performed to evaluate determinants of HRQOL.Participants were predominately Hispanic males with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease. Insomnia symptoms were reported for 46% of the study subjects. OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, ≥5) was noted in 47%, with a mean apnea-hypopnea index of 8.3 ± 11.0. Fairly bad to very bad sleep quality was reported by 21% of the participants. Insomnia (r = 0.71; P 0.001), daytime sleepiness (r = 0.36; P = 0.003), depression symptoms (r = 0.44; P 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.33; P = 0.006) were significant correlates of poor sleep quality. OSA, severity of Parkinson's disease, and dopaminergic therapy were not. In the principal component analysis, sleep quality was a significant component of the "psychological factor" that in turn was a significant determinant of overall HRQOL.Insomnia symptoms, OSA, and subsequent poor sleep quality are prevalent in Parkinson's disease. In this single-center, exploratory study, we found that insomnia and poor sleep quality, but not OSA, play important roles in determining overall quality of life for patients with this disease. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02034357).

Mobile devices are used more and more frequently by society. In recent years has increased the sale of those devices and therefore in the applications provided to the users. The educational apps are one of the most important, because they offer more significant opportunities for development and growth to society, developing in various areas. In this context, usability becomes a key factor for its adoption.The objective of this paper is to identify which are the usability methods that are used in mobile educational applications by subject area. Therefore, a systematic mapping review was conducted. A total of 1503 studies were identified, and only 174 were selected for this review. The results show that the user test is the most widely used usability evaluation method in mobile educational applications, and the preferred learning topics are foreign languages and information and communication technologies. These results can guide experts and developers to construct usable mobile educational apps by selecting the usability evaluation methods according to the learning topic.

The objective of this study was to compare two alkaloids (antioquine and tetrandrine) with verapamil; knowing that the smooth muscle respond to KCl and relationships with calcium. The effects of antioquine and tetrandrine, was studied in adults Wistar rat with modified methods used in the determination of aorta contractility and compared with verapamil effect in the same assays. The analysis of the effect of a drug or extract on aortic reactivity included maximal relaxation or maximal contraction (Cmax) (Phase 1). In our results, verapamil induced a blockade of 98.7 ± 0.7% (n = 6) in presence of endothelium and 97.9 ± 4.3% in ausence of endothelium, both in phase 1 and in phase 2 of 47.4 ± 4.1% (n = 6) in aortas in the presence of endothelium and 61.8 ± 1.1% in ausence of endothelium; Tetrandrine assays showed a phase 1 blocking effect of 63.4 ± 5.5 and 47.7 ± 2.9% (with and without endothelium, respectively) and phase 2 of 43.5 ± 6.2 and 28.5 ± 5.7%, (with and without endothelium, respectively). Antioquine presents in phase 1 and phase 2, a blockade that is not significant from the point of view of calcium antagonism. We can conclude that tetrandrine block the movement of calcium from both intracellular and extracellular deposits, with the greatest effect when aortas are in the presence of endothelium.

Background: Assessment of causality is an essential part of pharmacological surveillance. Aim: To compare the causality assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using algorithms proposed by Karch-Lasagna (K & L) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Material and Methods: All spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs in a pediatric ward of a regional hospital were included. Causality was categorized as definitive, probable, possible, conditional or unlikely. The agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was assessed using binomial test proportions and kappa coefficients. Results: One hundred thirty reports of ADRs in 126 patients aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed. The suspected medications were antineoplastic drugs in 59% of cases and antimicrobials in 23%. The most common affected system was the skin and appendages in 35%. Using K & L algorithm, causality was categorized as definitive in 10% of cases, probable in 28.5%, possible in 35.4%, conditional in 23.1% and unlikely in 3.0%. Using WHO algorithm, the figures were 2.3, 34.6, 59.2, 2.3 and 1.5%, respectively. The degree of agreement between K & L and WHO algorithms was 32.3% (kappa = 0.004). Conclusions: K & L attributed a higher level of ADR causality than WHO algorithm.

Objective:To determine whether providing remote neurologic care into the homes of people with Parkinson disease (PD) is feasible, beneficial, and valuable.Methods:In a 1-year randomized controlled trial, we compared usual care to usual care supplemented by 4 virtual visits via video conferencing from a remote specialist into patients' homes. Primary outcome measures were feasibility, as measured by the proportion who completed at least one virtual visit and the proportion of virtual visits completed on time; and efficacy, as measured by the change in the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire–39, a quality of life scale. Secondary outcomes included quality of care, caregiver burden, and time and travel savings.Results:A total of 927 individuals indicated interest, 210 were enrolled, and 195 were randomized. Participants had recently seen a specialist (73%) and were largely college-educated (73%) and white (96%). Ninety-five (98% of the intervention group) completed at least one virtual visit, and 91% of 388 virtual visits were completed. Quality of life did not improve in those receiving virtual house calls (0.3 points worse on a 100-point scale; 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.0 to 2.7 points; p = 0.78) nor did quality of care or caregiver burden. Each virtual house call saved patients a median of 88 minutes (95% CI 70–120; p < 0.0001) and 38 miles per visit (95% CI 36–56; p < 0.0001).Conclusions:Providing remote neurologic care directly into the homes of people with PD was feasible and was neither more nor less efficacious than usual in-person care. Virtual house calls generated great interest and provided substantial convenience.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02038959.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with PD, virtual house calls from a neurologist are feasible and do not significantly change quality of life compared to in-person visits. The study is rated Class III because it was not possible to mask patients to visit type.

El presente texto hace una revisión de estudios y trabajos en América Latina, México y Colima sobre los aportes de las categorías ocio activo e infraestructura de esparcimiento en los estudios descriptivos y explicativos sobre violencia escolar. Incluirlos permitirá observar más allá de las dinámicas áulicas formales, pues podemos estudiar las relaciones, rupturas y crisis que se construyen en el patio, la cancha y las instalaciones comunitarias, así como los programas de esparcimiento en cada uno de los espacios mencionados. Ello ofrece la posibilidad de encontrar nuevos abordajes para trazar puentes seguros de convivencia e instalar una verdadera cultura de paz en la comunidad.

There are little existing data on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence in US Hispanic veterans with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our aim was to describe determinants of 1-month adherence in a sleep clinic cohort of South Florida Hispanic veterans. Hispanic veterans referred to the Miami VA sleep clinic were recruited and completed questionnaires about sleep apnea risk, sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, sleepiness, depression/anxiety, acculturation, personality traits, and cognitions about OSA and CPAP. Individuals at risk for OSA were scheduled for baseline polysomnography (PSG), followed by in-lab CPAP titration or a trial of auto-CPAP. Participants with OSA accepting CPAP therapy were asked to return after 7 and 30 days of treatment for adherence verification and to repeat questionnaires. One hundred twenty-four participants (94 % men) were enrolled with 114 completing overnight PSG. Eighty-six out of 95 participants (91 %) with sleep apnea syndrome or moderate to severe OSA accepted CPAP treatment. Fifty-nine participants completed both follow-up visits with a mean CPAP use at 30 days of 3.6 ± 2.0 h. The only independent predictor of 7-day mean daily CPAP use was the baseline Insomnia Severity Index while the best predictor of 30-day mean daily CPAP use was the 7-day mean daily use. Our study suggests that South Florida Hispanic veterans with OSA evaluated in a sleep clinic show poor CPAP adherence. Insomnia and poor early use predicted poor adherence overall. Larger prospective studies with other race–ethnic groups are needed to determine the role of ethnicity and race in CPAP adherence among US veterans with OSA.

Introduction Flattening Filter Free beams have become widespread in current radiotherapy practice; therefore, an assessment of different dosimetric approaches is necessary. The British Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) Topical Report 1 (2016) recommendations include a FFF spectral correction. IAEA TRS-398 has not yet included this type of correction. Materials and methods Three Varian Truebeam linacs were used, with 6FFF and 10FFF beams. A PTW Semiflex thimble chamber and an IBA CCU electrometer were used for PDD measurements for IPSM 1990, a PTW Roos and an IBA CCU electrometer were used for IAEA TRS-398 PDD measurements. For absolute dose measurements, a NE 2571 Farmer chamber and a PTW Unidos E electrometer were used. Absolute dose was measured following both protocols recommendations: 5 cm (IPSM 1990) and 10 cm (TRS-398) deep. Polarity and recombination factors were also measured at each recommended depth. Our secondary standard chamber and electrometer were calibrated at the National Physical Laboratory (UK), and all our measurements are subsequently traceable to NPL. Ion chamber intercomparisons, using the replacement method recommended for FFF beams by IPEM Topical Report 1, were performed with our secondary standard (NE 2561) and NE 2571 at each of the recommended depth and for both beam qualities. Results NPL N D , w calibration factors were used for each beam quality for IPSM 1990; whereas for TRS-398, the recommended option of using N D , w for Co-60 along with its tabulated k q factors was utilized. TRS-398 and IPSM 1990/IPEM Topical Report 1 absolute dose measurements are within 0.5%, falling well within uncertainty estimates. Conclusions A detailed and thorough absolute dose study was carried out according to the two above mentioned codes of practice: correction factors, ion chamber intercomparisons and absolute dose measurements at recommended depths. All experimental results are accompanied by a rigorous uncertainty analysis, according to ISO GUM. Our results for 6 FFF and 10 FFF show that, within uncertainty, absorbed dose to water according to both codes of practice agree.

Purpose Flattening Filter Free beams have become widespread in current radiotherapy practice; therefore, an assessment of different dosimetric approaches is necessary. The British Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) recommendations, Topical Report 1 (2016), include a FFF spectral correction. IAEA TRS-398 has not yet included this type of correction. A comparison of IAEA TRS-398 and the British IPSM 1990 codes of practice (including recent IPEM recommendations) was carried out. Methods Three Varian Truebeam linacs were used, with 6FFF and 10FFF beams. A PTW Semiflex thimble chamber and an IBA CCU electrometer were used for PDD measurements for IPSM 1990, a PTW Roos and an IBA CCU electrometer were used for IAEA TRS-398 PDD measurements. For absolute dose measurements, a NE 2571 Farmer chamber and a PTW Unidos E electrometer were used. Absolute dose was measured following both protocols recommendations: 5cm (IPSM 1990) and 10 cm (TRS-398) deep. Polarity and recombination factors were also measured at each recommended depth. Our secondary standard chamber and electrometer were calibrated at the National Physical Laboratory (UK), and all our measurements are subsequently traceable to NPL. Ion chamber intercomparisons, using the replacement method recommended for FFF beams by IPEM Topical Report 1, were performed with our secondary standard (NE 2561) and NE 2571 at each of the recommended depth and for both beam qualities. Results NPL N D , w calibration factors were used for each beam quality for IPSM 1990; whereas for TRS-398, the recommended option of using N D , w for Co-60 along with its tabulated k q factors was utilized. TRS-398 and IPSM 1990/IPEM Topical Report 1 absolute dose measurements are within 0.5%, falling well within uncertainty estimates. Conclusions A detailed and thorough absolute dose study was carried out according to the two above mentioned codes of practice: correction factors, ion chamber intercomparisons and absolute dose measurements at recommended depths. All experimental results are accompanied by a rigorous uncertainty analysis, according to ISO GUM. Our results for 6 FFF and 10 FFF show that, within uncertainty, absorbed dose to water according to both codes of practice agree.

Purpose: Dose volume histograms (DVHs) are used in radiation therapy plan optimization and evaluation. Irradiation strategies are decided at the planning step, and an assessment of the reliability of computed dose distributions and DVHs is needed to ensure that decisions are made based on reliable information. This work describes a method used to assign confidence intervals to DVHs, caused by the uncertainty associated with dose computation. Methods: A simple mathematical model has been developed, based on several alternative models for point dose uncertainty (rectangular, triangular, and Gaussian probability distributions). The result is an α -DVH , to be computed for two α values (0.25/0.75 or 0.10/0.90) to obtain a confidence interval. This method has been applied to several DVH curves. Results: α -DVHs are dependent on the point uncertainty probability distribution, on the standard uncertainty, and on the choice of confidence level. Confidence intervals can be assigned either to the volume encompassed by an isodose level or to the dose corresponding to a given volume. Conclusions: α -DVHs provide bounds for DVH values while dose expected volume histograms can be used as central estimates for DVH when uncertainty is taken into account. They are particularly useful when an optimization approach is necessary.

Purpose Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) are a useful tool in state-of-the-art radiotherapy treatment planning, and it is essential to recognize their limitations. Even after a specific dose-calculation model is optimized, dose distributions computed by using treatment-planning systems are affected by several sources of uncertainty, such as algorithm limitations, measurement uncertainty in the data used to model the beam, and residual differences between measured and computed dose. This report presents a novel method to take them into account. Methods and Materials To take into account the effect of associated uncertainties, a probabilistic approach using a new kind of histogram, a dose–expected volume histogram, is introduced. The expected value of the volume in the region of interest receiving an absorbed dose equal to or greater than a certain value is found by using the probability distribution of the dose at each point. A rectangular probability distribution is assumed for this point dose, and a formulation that accounts for uncertainties associated with point dose is presented for practical computations. Results This method is applied to a set of DVHs for different regions of interest, including 6 brain patients, 8 lung patients, 8 pelvis patients, and 6 prostate patients planned for intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Conclusions Results show a greater effect on planning target volume coverage than in organs at risk. In cases of steep DVH gradients, such as planning target volumes, this new method shows the largest differences with the corresponding DVH; thus, the effect of the uncertainty is larger.

Estudos apontam que a presença de doença crônica orgânica na infância pode se constituir num importante fator de mediação da qualidade da interação mãe-criança. Entretanto, poucos estudos investigam as práticas educativas maternas em crianças portadoras de doença crônica. Os cuidados diários exigidos pelo tratamento da enfermidade, bem como a fragilidade física e emocional da criança podem afetar as práticas educativas maternas. Participaram do estudo 40 mães, metade das quais eram mães de crianças portadoras de doença crônica orgânica e as demais de crianças sem doença crônica. As crianças eram de ambos os sexos e tinham entre 03 e 05 anos de idade. Os participantes foram recrutados em hospitais e pré-escolas públicas. Uma entrevista semi-estruturada foi utilizada para se investigar as práticas educativas maternas, examinadas através de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram uma tendência marginalmente significativa no grupo com doença crônica a utilizar um número menor de práticas coercitivas. Além disso, houve uma diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao uso de punição física e privação/castigo, indicando que as mães de crianças com doença crônica utilizaram com menor freqüência este tipo de prática. Os resultados apóiam a expectativa inicial de que as mães de crianças com doença crônica seriam menos coercitivas quando comparadas às mães do outro grupo.Studies indicate that the presence of physical chronic disease in childhood may constitute an important factor to the quality of mother-child interaction. However, few studies investigate the childrearing practices in children with physical chronic disease. The daily care demand by the disease treatment as well as the child physical and emotional fragility may affect the childrearing practices. Fourty mothers participated in this study, half of them with a child with physical chronic disease and the other with a child without this condition. The children were of both sexes, 3 to 4 years old. The participants were selected in public hospitals and schools. A semi-structured interview was used to investigate the mother's childrearing practices, examined by content analysis. The results show a marginally significant difference showing that the group of mothers of the chronic disease children uses coercive practices less frequently. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in relation to the use of physical punishment and privation/penalty, suggesting that mothers of chronic disease children use less frequently this type of practice. The results support the initial hypothesis that mothers of chronic disease children would be less coercive when compared to mothers of the other group.