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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Histopathological findings are essential in understanding its pathogenesis and we present our findings from postmortem core needle biopsies in an attempt to share information that may shed some light on this severe pandemic. Different organ samples from four patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at the Infanta Sofía Hospital (Madrid) were studied during the months of April and May, 2020 by six pathologists using routine stains, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with other reported cases. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and biopsies revealed lung damage in the majority. Heart, liver, spleen and kidney were also studied and abnormalities were found in all cases and are extensively described. The histopathology of organs affected by COVID-19 is vital to the understanding of this disease and its sequelae.

En el trabajo que se muestra a continuación, se analizaron diversas fuentes de investigación con la finalidad de recabar información confiable, para así dar a conocer el tema Torsión “esfuerzos y deformaciones”. La información que se presenta es en su totalidad veraz y concisa por lo que la presente base teórica se encuentra en los resultados de esta investigación presentada. De forma correcta se dan a conocer definiciones, características y aplicaciones en un entorno de ingeniería industrial, tanto a su vez en un enfoque a universitarios ya que los temas mencionados en este trabajo son de importancia y tienden a ser presentes a lo largo del campo laboral industrial, como lo pude ser en un problema de manufactura o bien de calidad, para ello la información aquí presentada demuestra con veracidad de lo que puede ser el momento torsor de una barra cilíndrica, ejemplos de torsión uniforme y no uniforme, ejes independientes al instante de que una fuerza actúa sobre ellos. En esta investigación se proporciona información certera de términos, aplicaciones y ejemplos. Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de así facilitar la información a estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería industrial, deseando que este conocimiento sea de suma importancia en su futura vida profesional laboral.

Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del Proyecto de Cooperación Internacional de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de la Junta de Andalucía-España, denominado “Fortalecimiento participativo de la igualdad de género en la Universidad de Guayaquil y su entorno contribuyendo a la construcción de una sociedad basada en principios de justicia y equidad”.Nuestra investigación se fundamenta sobre la comunidad universitaria, particularmente la de la Universidad de Guayaquil en Ecuador. Se pretende conocer el porcentaje, si lo hubiese, de inequidad de género, así como validar un instrumento que nos permita determinar qué factores explican la equidad de género.Se pretende determinar si existe diferencias en función del sexo, edad, estado, civil creencia religiosa en elementos de equidad de género como son: discriminación universitaria, bromas sexistas, responsabilidades en el hogar, equidad en la institución universitaria, acoso sexual, estereotipos sexistas, y autoestima

Background: A definition of the best strategy is necessary to optimize the follow-up of patients with previous negative transrectal guided ultrasound biopsy (TRUS-GB) and the persistence of raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic rate of targeted transperineal ultrasound guided biopsy (TPUS-GB) with cognitive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) registration with concurrent systematic biopsy in patients with previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently elevated PSA levels. Materials and methods: In this prospective study conducted at the University Infanta Sofia Hospital from April 2016 to November 2017, patients with one previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently high PSA levels were referred for mpMRI prostate scans. All patients underwent systematic TPUS-GB and those patients with suspicious findings on mpMRI scans, Pirads 3 and 4-5, underwent a subsequent cognitive guidance mpMRI-TPUS-GB. Results: In total, 71 patients were included in this study. Suspicious findings on mpMRI scans prior to TPUS-GB were found in 50 patients (70.4%). 16 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer (22.5%), of whom 14 (87.5%) had a mpMRI scan with Pirads 3 or Pirads 4-5. Patients with Pirads 3, 4 or 5 showed negative results in almost all cores taken by concurrent systematic TPUS-GB. Conclusions: Cognitive mpMRI-TPUS fusion biopsy is a useful tool to diagnose PCa in patients with previous negative prostate biopsy. The samples obtained from the suspicious areas in the mpMRI detect more cases of intermediate and high risk PCa compared to the samples obtained at random or from non-suspicious areas.

Aim The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Hispanic women of Mexican origin with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Background GDM is associated with poorer maternal and infant outcomes. Rates of GDM occur at higher rates among Hispanic women of Mexican origin compared to non-Hispanic White women. High rates of GDM in this population pose a major health problem which is exacerbated by disadvantage, obesity and high birth-rates. Method Eighteen interviews were conducted with pregnant women using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Findings Our findings included 5 themes located along a path of gradual adjustment to GDM: (1) distress and fear; (2) realizing the changes required; (3) learning to manage GDM; (4) finding motivation; and (5) compliance despite limited understanding. Conclusion Participants were highly motivated to act in the infant’s best interest and the majority of women in the study made the necessary dietary and exercise changes to successfully manage their GDM. Nonetheless, it seems likely that additional low literacy information on food values may be beneficial.

Marketing and advertising are social disciplines focused on achieving objectives of a commercial narute, this is achieved through research of your potencial consumers it serves as the main input for the creation of communication strategies, among other business aspects, which seek .it persuade consumers to purchase a particular product, service, idea or individual, which is why the "fast food", like other products and services, uses it to promote and sell their products to a carefully selected and studied public. Neuroscience is able to contribute significantly to their knowledge, either from the inicial phase of consumer research to the creation and monitoring of communication strategies based on knowledge of behavior patterns, always mentioning the ethical aspect of the actions undertaken and the objectives sought by companies. Business and scientific objectives could find themselves in a dispute considering the nature of each area and the aims, since in many cases the executives of a company basically seeking the profitability of their institutions while scientists seek greater objectivity in the use of information and the impact caused by the use of a product in the population, so the ethical aspect remains an unresolved issue. Humans behave in ways often unpredictable but sometimes you can detect patterns of behavior that could support the establishment of strategies capable of achieving the goals set by the companies. These patterns may be evidence to biological, genetic, psychological and / or social level which neuroscience has much to say about it. In the present study based on products of "fast food" and used to present comucation, we can notice a difference in the impact on the particular decision communication strategy which seeks to impact the consumer on an emotional level. Advertising seeks to impact your target audience from a creative perspective to draw attention in reference to the product or service making ir attractive, for or uses relevant information about each variable related to both the product and consumers, thus obtaining a greater consumer awareness and appealing primarily to the emotional aspect, and .it is at this point that the trade disciplines supported by neuroscientific knowledge together to establish better communication strategies to develop advertising campaigns through consumer awareness.

Neuroscience is a scientific discipline that seeks ro understand the quescions of organization of the nerYous system and its external manifestacion, beha,·ior. Recent research in cogniti,·e neuroscience are of great interest to che educator, the challenge roday is to understand the structural differences of thedeveloping brain and alterations that occur in a learning em·i.ronment. From the ncuroscience perspeccive, the conneccions that have been estabtished in the nervous system are the product of experience, means and prior knowledge. T he process of learning i.s a relativcly permanent change in the ability to pcrform a specific bchavior because of the experience, also, it leads to changes at the cognitive leve! (cognicive maps) and genera te changes of neural networks in the nervous system. Understanding trus, the way to learn and grasp of the students is in constant transformation, a clear example today is the study of information technologies and their impact on learning, these have enabled the use of ,·irtual em·ironmems, jobs animation and simulation, creacing digital material resources and platforms with pedagogical orientation, among others. The main challenge is to promote strategies for thc development of cognitiveskills, environmental and relnti.onal partner in the proccss of teaching and learning from neuroscience.

Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) are sap-feeding insects distributed mainly in tropical regions. Alchisme grossa is a treehopper that has been reported in the Bolivian Yungas forests using mostly Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) as host-plant, where adult females oviposit and take care of their nymphs until they molt to adults. Brugmansia is a subtropical genus producing a variety of tropane alkaloids (TAs). We herein report the sequestration by adult males and females of A. grossa of TAs from B. suaveolens, examining separately the distinct body sections of insects. Purified extracts of A. grossa and B. suaveolens were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. TAs in A. grossa were the same as those in its host-plant; furthermore, they were equally distributed between sexes and they were differentially allocated within the body of adult individuals. An ecological role for sequestered TAs is discussed.

Papular elastorrhexis, a rare defect of dermal elastic fibers of unknown origin, usually involves the trunk and extremities of children or young adults. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with multiple soft, skin-colored facial papules with histological findings characteristic of papular elastorrhexis. Awareness of this entity may allow for its proper identification outside the usual clinical setting.

El artículo reflexiona en torno a elementos que afectan la decisión de las mujeres acerca de la reproducción y del aborto. Contribuye a los debates sobre políticas, campañas activistas y el Código Penal boliviano, en un contexto en el que las desigualdades y la violencia basada en el género ponen desafíos a la eficacia de las tecnologías y las leyes para garantizar el ejercicio del derecho a decidir. Las autoras analizan experiencias narradas por las mujeres en dos investigaciones en La Paz y El Alto, y consideran interpretaciones de la participación de los hombres y enfoques desde las masculinidades. El artículo examina diversas situaciones ligadas al aborto que ilustran la complejidad para las mujeres de decidir sobre las cuestiones reproductivas, solas o con la participación de la pareja y de otras personas. L’article propose des réflexions sur les éléments qui affectent la décision des femmes concernant leur reproduction et l’avortement. Il contribue aux débats autour des politiques, des campagnes militantes et du Code Pénal bolivien, dans un contexte où les inégalités et la violence basée sur le genre défient l’efficacité des technologies et des lois qui permettent le libre droit de décider. Les auteures analysent les expériences racontées par des femmes dans deux études réalisées à La Paz et à El Alto, et considèrent différentes interprétations de la participation des hommes et approches du champ des masculinités. L’article analyse diverses situations liées à l’avortement qui illustrent la complexité de décider sur les questions reproductives, seules ou avec la participation du partenaire et d’autres personnes. : droits reproductifs, avortement, genre, Bolivie, autonomie, masculinités This paper offers reflections about elements that affect women’s decisions about reproduction and abortion. It contributes to debates about policies, activist campaigns and the Bolivian Penal Code, in a context where inequalities and gender-based violence challenge the efficacy of technologies and laws to guarantee women’s ability to exercise the right to choose. The authors analyze women’s narratives about their experiences in two studies carried out in La Paz and El Alto, and consider different interpretations of men’s participation and approaches from the field of masculinities. The paper examines diverse situations relating to abortion that illustrate the complexity faced by women deciding on reproductive matters, alone or with the participation of partners and others.

La palabra ernprendimiento ha ganado un rol preponderante en los últimos años y esto responde a la necesidad de los individuos a buscar independencia laboral y mejores condiciones de vida, es por eso que decidimos investigar acerca del rol que desempeña el estado ecuatoriano en el desarrollo del emprendirniento y el apoyo económico a los nuevos emprendedores. Realizamos entrevistas a funcionarios de los principales entes estatales encargados de crear una cultura emprendedora tales como Emprende Ecuador en Quito y en Guayaquil, la Corporación Financiera Nacional, además se realizó revisión de información de los websites oficiales de las entidades involucradas en la temática del emprendimiento, y un levantamiento de datos de éstas, que luego nos sirvió para ejecutar un análisis más profundo del impacto que tienen los programas estatales en la generación de una cultura emprendedora. Se destacan los resultados del programa Emprende Ecuador dirigido al empresario-emprendedor, que en el último año receptó 8.654 proyectos de emprendirniento a nivel nacional, siendo los más representativos los relacionados con las categorías de alimentos frescos y procesados, en un 27%, y turismo con un 14% del total, el resto se distribuye regularmente entre las otras categorías, éstas corresponden a las propuestas estratégicas planteadas como políticas de desarrollo por el gobierno ecuatoriano, establecidas como medio de diversificación de la producción y modificación de la matriz productiva del país.

A 45-year-old woman was referred to us for hypoglycemia. The patient had been operated on for a duodenal ulcer by bilateral troncular vagotomy and pyloroplasty 20 years ago and, since then, she showed a dumping syndrome. Two months before consultation she developed repetitive episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia. An oral glucose tolerance test showed hypoglycemia with endogenous hyperinsulinism. The continuous glucose monitoring system sensor demonstrated fasting hypoglycemia. The endoscopic ultrasound of the pancreas showed a pancreatic tumor that was confirmed in the pathologic study after surgery. Moreover, nesidiodysplasia image was found surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. We report, for the first time, both histologic lesions associated in a patient with a history of vagotomy and pyloroplasty for a duodenal ulcer and we discuss the possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Contribution of a case of penile metastasis in a patient with metastatic rectal carcinoma.A 70-Year-old patient was referred to our consultation after the discovery of "penis indurations" having been diagnosed of rectal carcinoma 18 months before. After physical examination penile biopsies were carried out.The pathological results of the Glans biopsy was "rectal adenocarcinoma metastasis".Metastases in the penis are rare, and usually occur in the context of advanced oncological disease.

The purpose of this report is to inform practitioners on gender dynamics in Bolivia as they relate to natural resource management and climate change. This is done to provide new knowledge for mainstreaming gender into rural development projects. The aim is to go beyond general gender assumptions and provide more detailed empirical knowledge on differentiated gender roles and the relative access of women and men to resources. The report will demonstrate that women and men in rural Bolivia have many different roles and opportunities, which are not equally distributed. The paper will also show that these roles are changing as a result of both general development trends and climate change. Further, evidence demonstrates that women and men experience vulnerability and adapt to climate change differently. As a result, rural development and adaptation strategies should integrate the relative capacities of women and men and respond to their particular needs. This will help avoid counterproductive out comes that widen gender gaps and allow for more sustainable, pro-poor rural development. This report will begin by introducing the methodology and case study regions. It will then examine in detail the specific roles of women and men in rural Bolivia. Next it will look at the gendered access to and control over resources and how gender roles, access and control are changing as a result of climate change. The report will finish with some general conclusions and specific recommendations for development practitioners in rural Bolivia.

Resumen —Presentamos el caso de un varon de 37 anos VIH positivo, con nodulos subcutaneos faciales, sin historia previa de infeccion micotica superficial. El estudio histologico mostraba granulomas en dermis centrados por estructuras fungicas. En cultivos repetidos se identifico Microsporum canis. (Actas Dermosifiliogr 2001;92:364-366).

This article examines the incidence of the structural and process related characteristics of the impact of Postgraduate Programs (PP) on the knowledge, practice, student learning and effectiveness, according to the report obtaineds from the teachers belonging to the cohort 2007. Methodologically speaking, the study includes 568 teachers who attended classes (600 hours) and group seminars (275 hrs), in which the teachers updated their subject-pedagogical knowledge and designed teaching intervention projects, while they continued working at their schools. The results suggest that Postgraduate courses fulfil their aim to optimize content knowledge. In addition, results also showed that teacher peers and leaders from the involved schools had an incisive and crucial influence on factors that affect self confidence, teaching practice, and possible transference into the classroom to satisfy students' learning needs and, therefore, improving the quality of education., Este artículo examina la incidencia de las características estructurales y de proceso en el impacto de los Programas de Postítulo (PP) sobre el conocimiento, práctica, aprendizaje estudiantil y eficacia según el reporte de los docentes beneficiarios de la cohorte 2007. Metodológicamente el estudio incluye 568 docentes que participaron en módulos presenciales (600 horas) y seminarios grupales (275 horas), donde los profesores actualizan conocimientos disciplinario-pedagógicos y diseñan propuestas de intervención educativas, mientras desempeñan en paralelo labores de aula. Los resultados sugieren que los PP cumplen su propósito de optimizar elConocimientodel contenido y que profesores pares y líderes de los colegios de procedencia tendrían una influencia penetrante y decisiva en los factores que inciden en la confianza, puesta en práctica y posible transferencia que los docentes beneficiarios tienen para satisfacer las necesidades de aprendizaje de sus estudiantes y, por ende, en el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa., Este artigo examina a incidência das características estruturais e de processo no impacto dos Programas de Póstítulo (PP) sobre o conhecimento, a prática, a aprendizagem estudantil, e a eficácia conforme o informe dos professores beneficiados da coorte 2007. Metodològicamente, o estudo inclui 568 professores que participaram em módulos presenciais (600 horas) e em seminários grupais (275 horas), nos que os professores atualizaram conhecimentos de disciplina pedagógica e desenharam propostas de intervenção educativas, em quanto seguiam dando aulas simultaneamente. Os resultados sugerem que os PP cumprem seu propósito de aperfeiçoar oconhecimentodo conteúdo e que os professores pares e os líderes dos colégios de procedência teriam uma influencia penetrante e decisiva nos fatores que incidem na confiança, na posta em prática e possível transferência que os professores beneficiados têm para satisfazer as necessidades de aprendizagem dos seus estudantes e, por tanto, no melhoramento da qualidade educativa.

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of functional neck dissection in controlling metastasis to the clinically negative (cNO) neck, focusing on recurrences in the pathologically negative (pNO) neck and the role of extracapsular spread in the cNO neck. A series of 172 patients (253 dissected fields) treated for cNO laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer with a 5-year minimum follow-up is presented. Occult metastasis was observed in 30% of the patients. Extracapsular spread was present in 39% of the positive nodes. The neck recurrence rate was 5.2%. Surgical specimens from cases of neck recurrence in pNO necks were reevaluated for micrometastasis by immunostaining with antibody for cytokeratins. The immunohistochemical findings were positive in 1 of 4 cases. Functional neck dissection provides good neck control and survival rates for the cNO neck. The accurate prognostic significance of extracapsular spread in cNO necks is still unknown. Micrometastasis alone may be insufficient to explain recurrences in pNO necks.

The notion that there is a universal ethics is commonly supposed, but less often explicitly discussed, in protocols for ethical procedures in research. In this article, the authors reflect on their action-research with women farmers in a Bolivian highland province. Their project aims to propose ways in which local health services could better serve these women's expressed sexual and reproductive health needs. A series of field experiences led the authors to question the adequacy of pre-established institutional protocols for informed consent. Cultural understandings in this context made for situations where supposedly ethical procedures led to unethical effects. While recognising the value of precautionary measures to avoid abuse of research subjects, the authors challenge the assumption of subjects' essential vulnerability in fieldwork relations. They found that they too, as researchers and outsiders to the community, could be assigned less than adult status by research subjects seeking empowerment in their own terms. The paper concludes that consent protocols, rather than relying on standardised procedures, should provide flexible alternatives to facilitate negotiation with subjects about whether and how they will participate at different stages of a research project.