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Highly accurate biosensors for few or single molecule detection play a central role in numerous key fields, such as healthcare and environmental monitoring. In the last decade, laser biosensors have been investigated as proofs of concept, and several technologies have been proposed. We here propose a demonstration of polymeric whispering gallery microlasers as biosensors for detecting small amounts of proteins, down to 400 pg. They have the advantage of working in free space without any need for waveguiding for input excitation or output signal detection. The photonic microsensors can be easily patterned on microscope slides and operate in air and solution. We estimate the limit of detection up to 148 nm/RIU for three different protein dispersions. In addition, the sensing ability of passive spherical resonators in the presence of dielectric nanoparticles that mimic proteins is described by massive ab initio numerical simulations.

Coherent random lasers (RLs) originate from the resonant amplification of the light scattered by disordered media resulting in spiky emission spectra with well-defined spectral signatures. Here coherent RL emission is proposed as a tool for identifying the spectral fingerprint of porous micro-structured materials obtained by soft lithography techniques. The close control of the spatial patterns and structural characteristics of the scattering elements enable us to obtain stable and unique RL spectra distinctive of each lithographed device. The spectral emission has been thoroughly analyzed with respect to the morphology of the devices in terms of surface roughness and surface volume fraction, demonstrating that the packing of the scattering particles is the main factor in determining a RL emission characterized by multiple linewidths with a high level of coherence. The findings provide novel insights for the realization of miniaturized photonic devices with selectable optical features.

In the past decade, complex networks of light emitters are proposed as novel platforms for photonic circuits and lab-on-chip active devices. Lasing networks made by connected multiple gain components and graphs of nanoscale random lasers (RLs) obtained from complex meshes of polymeric nanofibers are successful prototypes. However, in the reported research, mainly collective emission from a whole network of resonators is investigated, and only in a few cases, the emission from single points showing, although homogeneous and broad, spatial emission. In all cases, simultaneous activation of the miniaturized lasers is observed. Here, differently, we realize heterogeneous random lasers made of ribbon-like and highly porous fibers with evident RL action from separated micrometric domains that alternatively switch on and off by tuning the pumping light intensity. We visualize this novel effect by building for the first time replica symmetry breaking (RSB) maps of the emitting fibers with 2 {\mu}m spatial resolution. In addition, we calculate the spatial correlations of the laser regions showing clearly an average extension of 50 {\mu}m. The observed blinking effect is due to mode interaction along light guiding fibers and opens new avenues in the fabrication of flexible photonic networks with specific and adaptable activity., Comment: 22 pages, 7 Figures, ACS Photonics, 2021

THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a suitable approach to study the state of preservation of cultural heritage made of organic materials in a non-destructive way. This technique highlights, in particular, the low-energy vibrational properties of these materials and the presence of the H-bonds between molecules [1]. We focus in particular on the study of modern artificially aged and ancient paper samples in order to determine in the THz spectra the distinctive features as a possible fingerprint of their state of aging and/or degradation. As water plays a significant role in the THz range, the behavior of THz spectra as a function of the hydration of samples was also investigated allowing discrimination between the spectral features induced by the simple presence of water and those due by the degradation of cellulose polymers in the paper. However, the use of the THz-TDS technique to establish the state of preservation of paper sheets poses significant challenges, in particular when measurements on low refractive index and thin samples, such as ancient documents, must be carried out [2]. We have successfully solved this problem by employing an efficient computational procedure to remove from the experimental signals the spurious interference effects generated by the Fabry-Pérot resonances in single freely standing paper sheets. The THz absorption spectra were then explained in terms of absorption peaks of the cellulose crystalline phase superimposed to a background contribution due to a disordered H-bonds network with a clear dependence from the degradation of samples [3]. DFT simulations confirmed that the spectral profile is composed of several peaks associated with long-range cellulose crystal phononic modes. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results also showed the important role of water in cellulose polymers dynamics at THz frequencies. An experimental and theoretical DFT-based study of alpha-lactose was also performed. This compound possesses a chemical structure similar to those of cellulose but the lack of disordered regions allows a precise measurement of vibrational THz peaks. Furthermore, the knowledge of hydrated and non-hydrated crystal structures allowed us to study the effect of water molecules on their vibrational properties. Due to the very importance of water in determining the THz behavior of organic material, we also focus our attention on the measurement and analysis of the dielectric response of pure water and chloride solutions in the range 0.2-1.6 THz. We were able to satisfactory represent the permittivity of solutions as the weighted sum of two single-parameter Debye relaxations describing clusters of correlated water molecules coexisting with poorly or uncorrelated single dipoles. Finally, since cultural heritage materials are in general complex and disordered systems, we have investigated the propagation of THz waves in disordered media with a refractive index varying on the scale of the wavelength. Results showed evidence of a resonant transport supported by finite-size scatterers that strongly affects the velocity of propagation of light and breaks the diffusion approximation. References 1. P.U. Jepsen, D.G. Cooke, M. Koch, Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging - modern techniques and applications, Laser Photonics Rev., 5 (1), 124-166 (2011). 2. R. Fastampa, L. Pilozzi, and M. Missori, Cancellation of Fabry-Perot interference effects in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of optically thin samples, Phys. Rev. A., 95, 063831 (2017). 3. M. Missori, et al., Microchem. J., 142, 54-61 (2018).

Graphene and Graphene oxide (GO) are capable of inducing stem cells differentiation into bone tissue with variable efficacy depending on reductive state of 362a Monday, February 19, 2018 the material. Thus, controlling the oxidative state of the GO it is possible, in principle, to modulate the osteogenic process and the bone mineral density distribution. In this study, we laser-printed GO surfaces in order to obtain both a local photo/thermal GO reduction and the formation of nano-wrinkles along precise geometric pattern. Calvarial-derived Mesenchimal Stem cells (CMSC) were isolated in primary culture from skull calvarial fragments and their behaviour was characterized on GO patterns. Initially, after cells adhesion on the surface, stem cells migrated and accumulated on the reduced/wrinkled surface. When the local density of the stem cells on the reduced stripes was high, cells started to proliferate and occupy the oxidized/flat area. The designed surfaces morphology guided stem cell orientation and the reduction accelerated differentiation. Furthermore, the reduced nano-wrinkles greatly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. We propose a promising laser-printing technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, based on graphene to enhance cell growth and differentiation in a controlled way. We show that by adjusting the laser emission is possible to finely tune the GO reduction and shape substrate landscape to spatially control bone regeneration and microbial infection. This strategy can offer a revolution in present and future trends of medicine and surgery

Antibacterial items are one of the major queries from the medical community in the fight against medical infections. Indeed, bacteria are resistant and their multiplication and biofilm formation on devises are one of the major causes of infections. Finding antibacterial surfaces, which are biocompatible, cost-effective, not toxic, and spreadable over large and irregular surfaces, is not easy. However, we created an antibacterial cloak by laser printing of Graphene Oxide (GO) hydrogels by mimicking the Cancer Pagurus carapace. This surface provides up to 90% reduction of bacteria cells through a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. Indeed, Laser treating allows GO sheets gel to cut and wrap microorganisms. Our findings are confirmed by a theoretical active matter model. This new technology based on antibiotic-free biomimetic Graphene Oxide gels opens untrodden roads to the fight against infections in biomedical applications and chirurgical equipment.

Time-reversal symmetry in quantum mechanics has been debated by many authors, like Gamow, Prigogine and others. We show that intrinsically irreversible quantum theories can be simulated by nonlinear optical shock waves in nonlocal media.

By nonlinear optical supercavitation we realize an antibacterial cloak on graphene-oxide (GO) based hydrogel. By combining the GO antimicrobial effects with a multiscale bio-inspired pattern, we observe up to 90% reduction of bacteria cells.

The description of shock waves beyond the shock point is a challenge in nonlinear physics and optics. Finding solutions to the global dynamics of dispersive shock waves is not always possible due to the lack of integrability. Here we propose a new method based on the eigenstates (Gamow vectors) of a reversed harmonic oscillator in a rigged Hilbert space. These vectors allow analytical formulation for the development of undular bores of shock waves in a nonlinear nonlocal medium. Experiments by a photothermal induced nonlinearity confirm theoretical predictions: the undulation period as a function of power and the characteristic quantized decays of Gamow vectors. Our results demonstrate that Gamow vectors are a novel and effective paradigm for describing extreme nonlinear phenomena.

We report on the characterization of silica aerogel thermal optical nonlinearity, obtained by z-scan technique. The results show that typical silica aerogels have nonlinear optical coefficient similar to that of glass $(\simeq 10^{-12} $m$^2/$W), with negligible optical nonlinear absorption. The non\-li\-near coefficient can be increased to values in the range of $10^{-10} $m$^2/$W by embedding an absorbing dye in the aerogel. This value is one order of magnitude higher than that observed in the pure dye and in typical highly nonlinear materials like liquid crystals., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Published by AIP Publishing

D Using light to control the movement of nano-structured objects is a great challenge. However, when the complexity of the light-activated devices increases, disorder unavoidably occurs and induces a number of effects. We show that these effects enhance the mechanical effect of light.

We review one of our recent theoretical and experimental developments on the simulation of fundamental physical models by nonlocal nonlinear optics. Specifically, we consider dispersive shock waves which dominate wave-breaking phenomena in Hamiltonian systems. In the absence of loss, these highly irregular and disordered waves are potentially reversible. However, no experimental evidence has been given about the possibility of inverting their dynamics and turn them into a regular wave-front. Nevertheless, the opposite scenario, i.e., a smooth wave generating turbulent dynamics is well studied and observed in experiments. Here we introduce a new theoretical formulation for the dynamics in a highly nonlocal and defocusing medium described by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation, showing that a defocusing medium realizes the optical analog of a reversed harmonic oscillator in the highly nonlocal regime. It has been shown [A. R. Bohm, R. Scurek, and S. Wikramasekara, "Resonances, Gamow Vectors and Time Asymmetric Quantum Theory," (1999), arXiv:nucl-th/9902076v1 [nucl-th]; A. R. Bohm, J. Math. Phys. 22 (1981); D. Chruscinski, Open Sys. Information Dyn. 9, 207221 (2002), arXiv:math-ph/0206009v1 [math-ph]] that this theoretical model is the paradigm for irreveribility and can describe dissipative systems where no time-symmetry holds. Our theory is based on the concept of Gamow vectors, that are commonly adopted in the Rigged Hilbert Space formulation of irreversible quantum mechanics. This nonlinear vectors are a power dependent generalizations of the counter-intuitive and hereto elusive exponentially decaying states in Hamiltonian systems. We show that nonlinear Gamow vectors play a fundamental role in nonlinear Schroedinger models: they may be used as a generalized basis for describing the dynamics of the shock waves, and affect the degree of irreversibility of wave-breaking phenomena. Gamow vectors allow to analytically calculate the amount of breaking of time-reversal with a quantitative agreement with numerical solutions. We also report on the experimental observation of these states, characterized by a quantized decay rate, generated by an optical photothermal nonlinearity [S. Gentilini, N. Ghofraniha, E. DelRe, and C. Conti, Phys. Rev. A 87, 053811 (2013)].

More than thirty years ago Glauber suggested that the link between the reversible microscopic and the irreversible macroscopic world can be formulated in physical terms through an inverted harmonic oscillator describing quantum amplifiers. Further theoretical studies have shown that the paradigm for irreversibility is indeed the reversed harmonic oscillator. As outlined by Glauber, providing experimental evidence of these idealized physical systems could open the way to a variety of fundamental studies, for example to simulate irreversible quantum dynamics and explain the arrow of time. However, supporting experimental evidence of reversed quantized oscillators is lacking. We report the direct observation of exploding n = 0 and n = 2 discrete states and Γ0 and Γ2 quantized decay rates of a reversed harmonic oscillator generated by an optical photothermal nonlinearity. Our results give experimental validation to the main prediction of irreversible quantum mechanics, that is, the existence of states with quantized decay rates. Our results also provide a novel perspective to optical shock-waves, potentially useful for applications as lasers, optical amplifiers, white-light and X-ray generation.

Nowadays the optical manipulation of microscopic objects is widespread in several research fields; however, the study of the optical pressure in nonlinear and disordered media is still lacking. In this contribution, we give a review of our theoretical and numerical results on the effect of randomness and nonlinearity on optical forces. For random media we find that disorder induced localization enhance the light induced mechanical effects; for nonlinear media we show that an ultra-fast nonlinear polarization may give a negative contribution to the optical pressure.

Dispersive shock waves dominate wave-breaking phenomena in Hamiltonian systems. In the absence of loss, these highly irregular and disordered waves are potentially reversible. However, no experimental evidence has been given about the possibility of inverting the dynamics of a dispersive shock wave and turn it into a regular wave-front. Nevertheless, the opposite scenario, i.e., a smooth wave generating turbulent dynamics is well studied and observed in experiments. Here we introduce a new theoretical formulation for the dynamics in a highly nonlocal and defocusing medium described by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Our theory unveils a mechanism that enhances the degree of irreversibility. This mechanism explains why a dispersive shock cannot be reversed in evolution even for an arbitrarirly small amount of loss. Our theory is based on the concept of nonlinear Gamow vectors, i.e., power dependent generalizations of the counter-intuitive and hereto elusive exponentially decaying states in Hamiltonian systems. We theoretically show that nonlinear Gamow vectors play a fundamental role in nonlinear Schroedinger models: they may be used as a generalized basis for describing the dynamics of the shock waves, and affect the degree of irreversibility of wave-breaking phenomena. Gamow vectors allow to analytically calculate the amount of breaking of time-reversal with a quantitative agreement with numerical solutions. We also show that a nonlocal nonlinear optical medium may act as a simulator for the experimental investigation of quantum irreversible models, as the reversed harmonic oscillator., 6 pages, 4 figure, Editors'Suggestion in Physical Review A

We investigate the effect of non-paraxiality in the dynamics of spatial dispersive shock waves in the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We find that the lowest order correction in the degree on non-paraxiality enhances the wave-breaking and imposes a limit to the highest achievable spatial spectral content generated by the shocks.

We show that non-paraxial nonlinear optics can be described in terms of a generalized quantum mechanics that is nowadays studied in the field of quantum gravity. The key point is the so-called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) that describes particle localization on a scale comparable with the Planck length. The GUP has one-to-one correspondence to the resolution limit of non-paraxial propagation.

Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) are capable of inducing stem cells differentiation into bone tissue with variable efficacy depending on reductive state of the material. Thus, modulation of osteogenic process and of bone mineral density distribution is theoretically possible by controlling the GO oxidative state. In this study, we laser-printed GO surfaces in order to obtain both a local photo-thermal GO reduction and the formation of nano-wrinkles along precise geometric pattern. Initially, after cells adhered on the surface, stem cells migrated and accumulated on the reduced and wrinkled surface. When the local density of the stem cells on the reduced stripes was high, cells started to proliferate and occupy the oxidized/flat area. The designed surfaces morphology guided stem cell orientation and the reduction accelerated differentiation. Furthermore the reduced sharp nano-wrinkles were able to enhance the GO antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a common cause of prosthetic joints infections. This strategy can offer a revolution in present and future trends of scaffolds design for regenerative medicine.

We review experimental investigation on spatial shock waves formed by the self-defocusing action of a laser beam propagation in a disordered thermal nonlinear media., 9 pages, 12 figures

Summary form only given. In the vertebrate eye light must be funnelled through a mangled mass of scattering tissue by Muller cells [1]. In distinction to conventional waveguides, that are essentially tubular, these cells have a double-funnel shape, and can efficiently focus, collect, transfer, and outcouple light without the strong mode selectivity of waveguides. Here we explore the use of biologically inspired funnel index of refraction patterns that mimic retinal Muller cells as versatile volume blueprints for multiple optical functions [2]. Compared to tube-like patterns typical of soliton-based waveguides, funnels are fully three-dimensional structures (illustrated in Fig. 1(LEFT)) that achieve either focusing, guiding, and defocusing: the key ingredient is the changing shape along the propagation direction (say the z axis) that can, depending on circumstances, act as a lens (the cellular ”end-feet”), or as a fiber (the cellular ”body”), thus forming a basic blueprint to multifunctional optics.Funnel patterns are achieved through photorefraction. During the pattern writing phase, light propagates with a polarization orthogonal to the external bias so as to allow for an efficient build-up of the space-charge field Esc without it affecting the beam: the beam diffracts and produces the funnel-like Esc. In the second ”readout phase”, the exposed region in the crystal is used to affect the propagation of light polarized along the x direction, parallel to E0. In this case, the electro-optic response is maximized, and Esc is kept fixed using a low intensity visible beam. The functionality of the pattern is fixed by the duration te of the writing phase (this determines the saturation parameter a in Fig. 1(CENTER) that flags the different response curves).Experiments are carried out in a sample of Cu-doped paraelectric KLTN. During the exposure phase, a 800 nW TEM00 beam of λ = 543 nm polarized along they direction is focused down to w0 6.5 μm at the minimum waist plane at zc. Bias fields range from E0 = -4.6kV/cm to +4.6 kV/cm and the amplitude of the index modulation is Δn ~ 3 χ 10-5, a value insufficient to alter diffraction. In the readout phase, intensity reduced to 10 nW and the optical polarization is rotated in the x direction, and Δn0 ~ 4 10-4 (see Fig. 1 (RIGHT)). We find conditions for tunable lensing, waveguiding, and use the quadratic electro-optic response to rapidly switch functionality, passing, for example, from a focusing to a defocusing regime, and explore the rich variety of multi-funnel patterns that ultimately allow for a remarkably compact optical components, such as switches and splitters. Results can form the basis for more elaborate fully three-dimensional optical circuitry for light control in highly miniaturized environments that are dominated by strong diffraction.

Dispersive shock waves (DSWs) are observed in nonlinear optics in systems described by universal models, such as the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, when the hydrodynamical approximation holds true.

We experimentally investigate the interplay between spatial shock waves and the degree of disorder during nonlinear optical propagation in a thermal defocusing medium. We characterize the way the shock point is affected by the amount of disorder and scales with wave amplitude. Evidence for the existence of a phase diagram in terms of nonlinearity and amount of randomness is reported. The results are in quantitative agreement with a theoretical approach based on the hydrodynamic approximation., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

We demonstrate the use of three-dimensional funnel index of refraction patterns analogous to those of retinal Müller cells as support for tunable and multi-functional volume optical component miniaturization and integration. Our experiments in paraelectric photorefractive crystals show how a single funnel can act both as a waveguide and a tunable focusing/defocusing micro-lens. Pairing multiple funnel patterns, we are also able to demonstrate ultra-compact tunable beam-splitting, with distinct guided output modes in under 1mm of propagation. © 2012 Optical Society of America.

We investigate Anderson localization of light as occurring in ultra-short excitations. A theory based on time dependent coupled-mode equations predicts universal features in the spectrum of the transmitted pulse. In particular, the process of strong localization of light is shown to correspond to the formation of peaks in both the amplitude and in the group delay of the transmitted pulse. Parallel ab-initio simulations made with Finite-Difference Time Domain codes and molecular dynamics confirm theoretical predictions, while showing that there exist an optimal degree of disorder for the strong localization., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures.

Shear localization in an aqueous clay suspension of Laponite is investigated through dynamic light scattering, which provides access both to the dynamics of the system (homodyne mode) and to the local velocity profile (heterodyne mode). When shear bands form, a relaxation of the dynamics typical of a gel phase is observed in both bands soon after the flow stops. Periodic oscillations of the flow behavior, typical of a stick-slip phenomenon, are also observed when shear localization occurs. Both results are discussed in the light of various theoretical models for soft glassy gels.

The comprehension of the physical mechanism governing the interaction between aging dynamics and shear flow is crucial to both elucidating the nature of slow dynamics in soft materials and controlling their complex rheological behavior. Dynamic light scattering is used to probe the relaxation of the intermediate scattering function of an aging colloidal suspension and the effect of shear on the nonequilibrium structural dynamics is investigated during various protocols of applied shear. The shear flow influences significantly the aging dynamics as soon as structural relaxation enters the timescale set by the inverse shear rate. Aging is strongly reduced in this shear dominated regime, while, for a fixed system age, the average structural relaxation time scales as the inverse shear rate. The fast component in the relaxation function, usually interpreted as the single particle diffusion, shows a cross-over behavior as well, suggesting a close link between slow and fast dynamics. Shear rejuvenation of old samples is also observed leading to a faster relaxation dynamics while the subsequent aging proceeds in an apparently new regime. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The aging dynamics after shear rejuvenation in a glassy, charged clay suspension have been investigated through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Two different aging regimes are observed: one is attained if the sample is rejuvenated before its gelation and one after the rejuvenation of the gelled sample. In the first regime, the application of shear fully rejuvenates the sample, as the system dynamics soon after shear cessation follow the same aging evolution characteristic of normal aging. In the second regime, aging proceeds very fast after shear rejuvenation, and classical DLS cannot be used. An original protocol to measure an ensemble averaged intensity correlation function is proposed and its consistency with classical DLS is verified. The fast aging dynamics of rejuvenated gelled samples exhibit a power law dependence of the slow relaxation time on the waiting time., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Andrea Di Falco acknowledges support from EPSRC (EP/I004602/1 and EP/J004200/1). Silica aerogels are materials well suited for high power nonlinear optical applications. In such regime, the non-trivial thermal properties may give rise to the generation of optical shock waves, which are also affected by the structural disorder due to the porous solid-state gel. Here we report on an experimental investigation in terms of beam waist and input power, and identify various regimes of the generation of wave-breaking phenomena in silica aerogels. Publisher PDF

Abstract 200 Background: In a multicenter phase 3 randomized trial, VMPT-VT was superior to VMP for response rates, progression-free survival and time to next treatment (Palumbo A, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010). Here we report an updated analysis on survival after 4 years of follow-up. Methods: Patients (N=511) were randomly assigned to receive nine 6-week cycles of VMPT-VT (induction: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2, d 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29, 32, cycles 1–4, d 1, 8, 22, 29, cycles 5–9; melphalan 9 mg/m2 d 1–4, prednisone 60 mg/m2, d 1–4, thalidomide 50 mg d 1–42; maintenance: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 every 14 days and thalidomide 50 mg/day up to 2 years) or VMP alone. After the inclusion of 139 patients, the protocol was amended: both VMPT-VT and VMP induction schedules were changed to nine 5-week cycles and bortezomib schedule was modified to weekly administration (1.3 mg/m2 d 1,8,15,22, all cycles). Results: After a median follow-up of 47.2 months, median OS was not reached in the VMPT-VT arm and was 58.2 months in the VMP arm; 5-year OS rates were 59.3% and 45.9%, respectively (HR 0.74, p=0.04), with 26% reduced risk of death for patients receiving VMPT-VT (Figure-panel A). This benefit was more evident in patients younger than 75 years (5-year rates 67.8% for VMPT-VT vs 49.9% for VMP, HR 0.63, p=0.01, Figure-panel B) and in patients in complete response (CR) after induction (5-year rates 81.4% for VMPT-VT vs 48.2% for VMP, HR 0.38, p=0.006, Figure-panel C) while no significant differences were evident in patients with standard- or high-risk features detected by FISH (HR 0.99, p=0.99). A 1-year landmark analysis for patients completing induction was performed: the 4-year OS was 64.6% in the VMPT-VT group and 49.7% in the VMP group, with 33% reduced the risk of death for patients receiving VT maintenance (HR 0.67, p=0.02). Forty-nine percent of VMPT-VT and 70% of VMP patients relapsed and received subsequent salvage therapies; there was no difference in survival from relapse in the two groups (2-year OS rates 40.7% vs 50.2%,HR 1.11, p=0.54). The median duration of VT maintenance was 23.8 months. During VT maintenance 7% of patients experienced grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy, 5% grade 3–4 hematological toxicity, 3% grade 3–4 infection and 12% discontinued due to adverse events. Second primary malignancies were reported in 7/254 patients in the VMPT-VT group and 7/257 patients in the VMP group. These corresponded to incidence rates of 0.9 and 1.05 per 100 patient-years, respectively, and were consistent with background incidence rates in the general population (aged 65–74 years 1.9, aged ≥ 75 years 2.3, SEER database). Conclusions: VMPT-VT significantly prolonged OS compared with VMP, especially in patients younger than 75 years and in patients achieving CR after induction. In patients 67–75 years of age, VMPT-VT reduced the risk of death by 37% and it should be considered a new standard of care. Disclosures: Palumbo: Celgene: Advisory Board, Advisory Board Other, Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Advisory Board Other, Consultancy, Honoraria. Bringhen:Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Gentilini:Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Patriarca:Janssen: Honoraria. Guglielmelli:Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Musto:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Petrucci:Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Boccadoro:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Scientific Advisory Board Other; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Scientific Advisory Board, Scientific Advisory Board Other.

We investigate the far field of a spatial dispersive shock wave generated from a Gaussian beam propagating in nonlinear nonlocal colloidal disordered media. The interplay between nonlinearity and structural randomness is quantified in terms of the threshold power for the occurrence of the shock wave.

We investigate the dynamics of a 10 fs light pulse propagating in a random medium by the direct solution of the 3D Maxwell equations. Our approach employs molecular dynamics to generate a distribution of spherical scatterers and a parallel finite-difference time-domain code for the vectorial wave propagation. We calculate the disorder-averaged energy velocity and the decay time of the transmitted pulse Versus the localization length for an increasing refractive index., 3 pages, 5 figures

Multiple scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves arises in disordered media with a refractive index varying on the scale of the wavelength. The diffusion approximation is a powerful tool to treat multiple scattering as a photon random walk, neglecting resonant phenomena. However, as the light intensity varies on a scale much smaller than the transport mean free path, resonances may occur in media formed by finite-size scatterers and break the diffusion approximation. The energy and phase velocity are very useful tools to reveal the onset of the resonant transport regime. In this paper the study of the propagation of terahertz (THz) waves through 3D random media by employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is addressed. Specifically, measurements of the electric field transmitted by samples of different thicknesses made of 1 mm diameter silica spheres dispersed in a paraffin matrix at different filling fractions are reported. This investigation has provided an accurate measurement of the EM field phase and, hence, information on the radiation propagation velocity that has enabled the first observation of a photonic glass at the THz range.