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1. Possibilities for Growing Switch-grass (Panicum virgatum) as Second Generation Energy Crop in Dry-subhumid, Semiarid and Arid Regions of the Argentina

Author

Silvia FALASCA, Sandra Pitta-Alvarez, and Carolina MIRANDA DEL FRESNO

Subjects
agroclimatic zoning model, argentina, bioclimatic requirements, dry-subhumid to arid climate, energy crop, switch-grass, thornthwaite's moisture index, Agriculture
Abstract

Panicum virgatum (swich-grass) is cultivated in some countries to obtain biomass used in the production of heat, fiber, electricity and second generation ethanol. Currently, in Argentina, this species is used for forage and as an ornamental. The aim of this work was to design an agroclimatic zoning model for swich-grass in Argentina, both for upland and lowland ecotypes, based on its bioclimatic requirements and employing a Geography Information System. The variables taken into consideration were: average temperature during growing period and reproductive period, frost free days and rainfall during growing season. This work demonstrated that an ample region of the country is agro-climatically suitable for the implantation of switch-grass in rainfed conditions or with complementary irrigation. The agroclimatic zoning for the upland ecotype shows that suitability reaches latitudes of up to 46ºS, while the lowland ecotype can be grown up to 40ºS. Thornthwaite's Moisture Index equal to zero was overlapped to the Argentinean agroclimatic zoning for upland and lowland types, to obtain the potential growing areas under dry-subhumid, semiarid to arid climates. The areas where switch-grass should be effectively tested are those categorized as optimal, very suitable, suitable, and very suitable/suitable with irrigation, located to the West of TMI equal to zero, which include dry-subhumid (0

Published
2017
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2. Rasgos fisiográficos y edáficos del área aledeña a la ciudad de Tandil, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Author

Silvia Falasca and María Bernabé

Subjects
curvas de nivel, erosión hídrica, modelo digital de elevación, Partido de Tandil, propiedades edáficas, Tandil, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

El área de estudio se encuentra ubicada en el partido de Tandil, en el centrosudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Las coordenadas geográficas son: 37°10'S y 37°30' S; y 59°00' W y 59°15' W. La geología y fisiografía de Tandil generaron suelos óptimos para las actividades agrícola-ganaderas, razón por la cual reviste interés el conocimiento de las propiedades edáficas con el fin de optimizar los rendimientos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de analizar las características topográficas a través de la confección de curvas de nivel y el modelo digital de elevación y algunas características edáficas: aptitud de uso, presencia de tosca o roca, profundidad y espesor del horizonte subsuperficial y drenaje interno, para relacionarlas con la actividad agrícola. Todos los resultados se presentaron en cartas temáticas, a escala 1:50 000. A través de la visualización de las cartas se interpretaron más fácilmente los resultados referidos a las precauciones que deberían tomarse para disminuir la erosión hídrica en aquellos sectores del terreno con pendientes pronunciadas, en qué áreas actúan como limitantes para la agricultura la tosca, la roca subsuperficial, el horizonte B2t y el drenaje imperfecto. The studied area is placed in the Center-Southwest Tandil district. The coordinates are 37°10' S, and 37°30'S; and 59°00'W and 59°15'W. Physiographic and geological characteristics support very good soils for agriculture and cattle activities, and then it is important to know the edaphic properties in order to optimize agricultural production. Topographic characteristics through contour lines, DME and some edaphic characteristics' analysis, aptitude use, rock and petrocalcium horizon presence, depth and thickness of sub-superficial horizon and internal drainage and their relation with agriculture activities, were the object of this paper. Thematic cartography at 1:50000 scale was presented. The study results allow to take precautions in order to decrease the hydric erosion in steep slopes. Those areas are restricted to agriculture due to petrocalcium horizon, sub-superficial rock, horizon B2t and imperfect drainage.

Published
2002

3. Análisis de principales limitaciones de los suelos del delta argentino con fines productivos

Author

Silvia Falasca and Ana Ulberich

Subjects
suelos, Argentina, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

El delta del Paraná conforma una unidad diferenciada de su entorno: la selva de rivera. Sufre periódicas inundaciones como consecuencia del desborde de los ríos o por la sudestada que provoca el ingreso de las aguas del Río de la Plata en dirección contraria a su escorrentía natural. El sector interno de las islas presenta una capa freática cercana a la superficie y el perfil de los suelos es una sucesión de capas de diferente espesor y granulometría. En cambio en las partes altas se ha desarrollado un horizonte superficial, característico de los molisoles. Actualmente el principal destino de los suelos es forestal o ganadería extensiva estacional pero, es posible que en un futuro, debido a la creciente demanda de alimentos sean acondicionadas para fines agrícolas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de analizar las principales limitaciones de los suelos' presentes en el delta argentino y cartografiarlos a escala 1:500000 a nivel de unidad cartográfica. Las limitantes estudiadas fueron la textura superficial y subsuperficial, salinidad, alcalinidad, drenaje y peligro de anegamiento. Se utilizaron los datos presentes en la cartografía de suelos a escala 1:500000 y l: 200000. The Delta of Parana conforms a different unit of its surrounding environment : the shore jungle. It's a zone characterized by several and frecuent inundations as consequence of rivers overflow or by south east wind which causes the Río de la Plata water to enter in opposite direction to its natural flow. The islands internal area presents a phreatic layer near the surface and the si de view soils have several layers of different thickness and granulometric types. Otherwise, a shallow soil horizon has developed at high sectors, mainly characterized by mollisels. At present, main land use is forestry or livestock, but in the future it's posible to prepare the soil for agricultúral purposes, because of food demand m crease. The objetive of this paper is to analize the main limitations of present soils in the Argentinian delta and map them with 1:500000 scale as a cartographic unit. Studied limitations were: surface and undersurface texture, alkalinity, salinity, drainage and overflowing. Present data were used in soils cartography with scale 1:500000 and 1:200000.

Published
1999

4. Agro-Ecological Zoning for Tall Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum Ponticum) as a Potential Energy and Forage Crop in Salt-Affected and Dry Lands of Argentina

Author

Ma. Carolina Miranda del Fresno, Sandra Irene Pitta Alvarez, and Silvia Falasca

Subjects
biology, Agricultura, Agroclimatic Zoning, Argentina, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Agronomy, Bioclimatic Requirements, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https], Tall Wheatgrass, Agro-Ecological Zoning, Saline And Alkaline Drylands, Zoning, Thinopyrum ponticum, Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], Forage crop
Abstract

Thinopyrum ponticum, is the most disseminated halophyte speciescultivated for forage on hydro-halomorphic soils in the world. Theobjective of the present work was to identify the geographicareas fordevelopment of tall wheatgrass on halomorphic soils in Argentina, for forageand as feedstock for bioenergy. To define the agroclimate in Argentina, we considered the thermal and hydric limits of the species in its place of originand in locations where it is successfully cultivated around the world. The maps corresponding to the bioclimatic indices were drawn using a GIS, andthe map obtained by overlaying them defined the agroclimatic suitability. Thiszoning was finally superimposed on the drylands saline and alkaline soils inthecountry, thus defining the agro-ecological suitability of Argentina forthis species under different moisture regimes: moist-subhumid,dry-subhumid, semiarid to arid climate. The the agro-ecological zoning showsthe potential growing areas for tall wheatgrass in Argentina on soils withhalomorphism processes under dry climates. Fil: Falasca, Silvia Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Clima y Agua; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Miranda del Fresno, Ma. Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pitta-alvarez, Sandra Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina

Published
2017

5. Possibilities for Growing Switch-grass (Panicum virgatum) as Second Generation Energy Crop in Dry-subhumid, Semiarid and Arid Regions of the Argentina

Author

Carolina Miranda del Fresno, Silvia Falasca, and Sandra I. Pitta-Alvarez

Subjects
Irrigation, Growing season, dry-subhumid to arid climate, lcsh:Agriculture, agroclimatic zoning model, Argentina, bioclimatic requirements, drysubhumid to arid climate, energy crop, switch-grass, Thornthwaite's Moisture Index, ENERGY CROP, DRYSUBHUMID TO ARID CLIMATE, SWITCH-GRASS, argentina, BIOCLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS, Biomass (ecology), ARGENTINA, thornthwaite's moisture index, biology, Ecotype, Agricultura, lcsh:S, THORNTHWAITE’S MOISTURE INDEX, biology.organism_classification, Arid, AGROCLIMATIC ZONING MODEL, Agronomy, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Upland and lowland, Frost, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https], Environmental science, Panicum virgatum, Animal Science and Zoology, Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca, Agronomy and Crop Science, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

Panicum virgatum (swich-grass) is cultivated in some countries to obtain biomass used in the production of heat, fiber, electricity and second generation ethanol. Currently, in Argentina, this species is used for forage and as an ornamental. The aim of this work was to design an agroclimatic zoning model for swich-grass in Argentina, both for upland and lowland ecotypes, based on its bioclimatic requirements and employing a Geography Information System. The variables taken into consideration were: average temperature during growing period and reproductive period, frost free days and rainfall during growing season. This work demonstrated that an ample region of the country is agro-climatically suitable for the implantation of switch-grass in rainfed conditions or with complementary irrigation. The agroclimatic zoning for the upland ecotype shows that suitability reaches latitudes of up to 46ºS, while the lowland ecotype can be grown up to 40ºS. Thornthwaite's Moisture Index equal to zero was overlapped to the Argentinean agroclimatic zoning for upland and lowland types, to obtain the potential growing areas under dry-subhumid, semiarid to arid climates. The areas where switch-grass should be effectively tested are those categorized as optimal, very suitable, suitable, and very suitable/suitable with irrigation, located to the West of TMI equal to zero, which include dry-subhumid (0

Published
2017

6. Developing an Agro-Ecological Zoning Model for Tumbleweed (Salsola kali), as Energy Crop in Drylands of Argentina

Author

Sandra I. Pitta-Alvarez, Ana Cristina Ulberich, and Silvia Falasca

Subjects
Salsola, 020209 energy, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, Salsola kali, bioclimatic requirements, agroclimatic suitability, drylands, agro-ecological zoning model, Argentina, AGROCLIMATIC SUITABILITY, DRYLANDS, Renewable energy sources, Kali, salsola kali, Environmental protection, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, argentina, BIOCLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS, General Environmental Science, AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONING MODEL, ARGENTINA, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Agricultura, Tumbleweed, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, SALSOLA KALI, Energy crop, Geography, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https], Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca, Zoning, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

Salsola kali is considered extremely valuable as an energy crop worldwide because it adapts easily to environments with strong abiotic stresses (hydric, saline and alkaline) and produces large amounts of biomass in drylands. This species is categorized as an important weed in Argentina. The aim of this work was to design an agro-ecological zoning model for tumbleweed in Argentina, employing a Geography Information System. Based on the bioclimatic requirements for the species and the climatic data for Argentina (1981–2010 period), an agro-climatic suitability map was drawn. This map was superimposed on the saline and alkaline soil maps delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization for dry climates, generating the agro-ecological zoning on a scale of 1 : 500 000. This zoning revealed very suitable and suitable cultivation areas on halomorphic soils. The potential growing areas extend from N of the Salta province (approximately 22° S) to the Santa Cruz province (50° S). The use of tumbleweed on halomorphic soils under semi-arid to arid conditions, for the dual purpose of forage use and source of lignocellulosic material for bioenergy, could improve agricultural productivity in these lands. Furthermore, it could also contribute to their environmental sustainability, since the species can be used to reclaim saline soils over the years. Based on international bibliography, the authors outlined an agro-ecological zoning model. This model may be applied to any part of the world, using the agro-ecological limits presented here. Fil: Falasca, Silvia Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Clima y Agua; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pitta Alvarez, Sandra Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Ulberich, Ana Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Investigaciones Ecogeográficas y Ambientales; Argentina

Published
2016

7. Agroclimatic Zoning for Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) Using a Geographical Information System in Argentina

Author

María Angélica Bernabé, Silvia Falasca, and Sandra Irene Pitta Alvarez

Subjects
ARGENTINA, biology, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, SUBHUMID TO SEMIARID CLIMATE, AGROCLIMATIC ZONING, Amaranth, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, AMARANTH, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geography, chemistry, Amaranthus caudatus, BIOCLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Zoning, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present paper was to define the agro-climatic suitability of the Argentinean semiarid and subhumid regions to produce grains from A. caudatus. Study Design: Agro climatic zonation utilizing Arc-Gis 9.3. Place and Duration of Study: Buenos Aires, Argentina. June 2013 to November 2014. Methodology: Based on international bibliography, the authors outlined an agro-climatic zoning model for amaranth in Argentina. To define its agro-climatic suitability, the average climatic data of all the meteorological stations (1981-2010) were analyzed. The requirements, limits and bio-meteorological tolerance and conditions for this species were evaluated, considering the climatological characteristics of the native regions around the world where it is successfully cultivated. To obtain the maps, a series of previously interpolated bioclimatic variables were used. The agro-climatic indices, which determine different classes of suitability, were integrated in a Geographic Information System to create thermal and moisture regions. The maps elaborated (frost-free days, annual rainfall, annual temperature and average temperature during growing period), were superimposed to determine the agroclimatic zoning. Results: Nine classes of agroclimatic suitability under three different climatic conditions were delineated: humid, subhumid and semiarid. Agro-climatic zoning identifies areas with different potential yields, as per their environmental conditions. This is an innovative work, made by the implementation of a Geographic Information System that can be updated by further incorporation of complementary information. Conclusion: Because of its low hydric requirements, amaranth is a promising dry land crop for farmers in subhumid and semiarid areas of Argentina. Its cultivation would also be recommendable in optimal, very suitable and suitable areas under humid climate on moderately-highly saline soils and moderately alkaline soils, so as not to displace the traditional crops of Humid Pampas. This model may be applied in any part of the world, using the agroclimatic limits presented in this paper. Fil: Falasca, Silvia Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Clima y Agua; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pitta Alvarez, Sandra Irene. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Bernabé, María Angélica. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Ambientales; Argentina

Published
2014

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