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Students' readiness to learn politics is an important thing to consider nowadays. By encouraging positive emotions and good intrinsic learning motivation, students can prepare themselves well to learn this discipline. This study examines how self-regulated learning, competence, autonomy, relatedness, positive emotion, and intrinsic learning motivation affect political learning preparation in students. Additionally, information literacy is explored as a moderating variable on the association between positive emotion and political learning readiness, as well as intrinsic learning motivation and political learning readiness. Data were collected from 422 university politics students. Researchers first utilized SPSS to see the distribution of good data, then the SEM model and SmartPLS version 4. The study found no correlation between autonomy and intrinsic learning readiness. Other hypotheses in this study were tested and shown to be beneficial. Testing the interaction model shows that information literacy boosts positive emotions and learning motivation on political learning readiness.

The academic success of college teachers is crucial for fostering a smart generation in the future. This study examines the interconnectedness of decentralization, leadership, the academic environment, student satisfaction with academic policies, and academic performance. The study also explores the impact of academic self-efficacy as a moderating variable on the relationship between satisfaction with school rules and academic achievement. Additionally, it delves into the conditions of the academic environment, academic performance, and satisfaction with academic policies. The effect of leadership-mediated decentralization policy on academic performance and satisfaction with academic policies remains unclear in this study. A total of 283 college-level employees participated in the survey for this study. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling, with the analysis conducted using Smart PLS version 4. The findings of the study revealed that the hypotheses proposed in this study had a significant impact on academic performance. This study shows how decentralized leadership and policies benefit higher education teachers. Collaboration between subordinates and superiors is crucial for establishing a conducive working environment and enhancing productivity in higher education. It emphasizes the importance of stakeholders in higher education creating policies that incentivize academics to actively engage in all facets of the institution, including decision-making.

Abstract Nitroxide radicals are widely utilized as catalysts for the oxidation of primary alcohols. Here, the aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle of nitroxide radicals has been implemented within a mechanically interlocked rotaxane architecture consisting of a paramagnetic crown ether, which is confined by a molecular axle containing a dialkylammonium station and a 1,2,3-triazole unit. The rotaxane is engineered to exploit the oxidation of a primary alcohol: the primary catalyst is the wheel, a nitroxide radical capable of altering its oxidation state during the catalytic cycle, while the co-oxidant is the Cerium(IV)/O2 couple. The synthesis of the proposed rotaxane, along with its characterization using EPR, HRMS, voltammetry and NMR data, is reported in the paper. The aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle was further investigated using EPR, NMR and GC-MS analyses. This study can aid in the design of autonomously driven molecular machines that exploit the aerobic catalytic oxidation of nitroxide radicals.

Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern as innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment outcomes. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of the ethanol extract derived from Volvariella volvacea in combination with cetuximab for CRC. Aims: To evaluate the inhibition of topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation. Methods: The method used computational modeling and molecular docking to assess the binding affinities and interactions between the bioactive components, cetuximab, TOP2A, and PPARγ. In vitro experiments were conducted using CRC cell lines. Cells were treated with cetuximab alone or in combination with V. volvacea extract. Cell viability and immunofluorescence were conducted to evaluate the effect of combination therapy on TOP2A and PPARγ. Results: The results unveiled compelling binding interactions, suggesting the potential for dual targeting of TOP2A and PPARγ. The results demonstrated a reduction in cell viability, downregulation of TOP2A, and modulation of PPARγ. These findings indicate the potential of V. volvacea extract as an adjuvant therapy to cetuximab in CRC. Targeting both TOP2A and PPARγ enhances the efficacy of CRC treatment. Conclusions: Moreover, it highlights the importance of harnessing natural compounds and molecular insights to develop innovative combinatorial therapies for complex diseases like CRC.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are interconnected, integrated technologies that help to visualize AI systems and increase the fidelity and interactivity of VR in the educational field. Using VR and AI technology, teachers can promote thinking and knowledge in learning. This research aims to analyze and highlight several research publications that examine the use of VR to improve ES students' twenty-first-century skills. The systematic literature review method conducts research to identify, evaluate, explore, and interpret all research results relevant to the research questions. This research has identified the potential of applying AI to twenty-first-century learning to revolutionize education through universal access, adaptation, and intelligent content creation for understanding concepts effectively. VR has a positive impact on students and teachers, as well as increasing motivation, understanding, and effectiveness in learning activities. We discovered that integrating VR into twenty-first-century learning among ES students is associated with increased engagement and motivation, better learning outcomes, and improved creativity and critical thinking skills. The results of this research provide constructive insight for teachers to improve the skills of ES students in the twenty-first century.

The research aimed to know the effectiveness of problem-based learning combined with local wisdom in Acehnese called Hukum Adat Laot. The local wisdom is oriented to socio-scientific issues to improving conceptual knowledge and environmental literacy. This study adopted a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. In the experimental class, treatment was given using the problem-based learning model with local wisdom oriented to socio-scientific issues. In contrast, the control class was given by applying traditional learning. The population used in this study were all high school students in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A cluster sampling technique is applied to obtain 54 students from the 2019/2020 academic year as samples. Data collection uses a test instrument conceptual knowledge and environmental literacy validated based on the Aiken index. Meanwhile, the instrument reliability is determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed by using Manova. The results indicate significant differences in the mean scores of the results related to conceptual knowledge and environmental literacy. The conclusion states that applying problem-based learning with local wisdom oriented to socio-scientific issues significantly impacts students' conceptual knowledge and environmental literacy.

Several factors contribute to the incidence of hypertension during pregnancy, including a familial history of hypertension, obesity, and unhealthy dietary habits. Family habits can have a substantial impact on lifestyle, especially nutritional choices. This report presents a case of gestational hypertension in Mrs. DK, a 20-year-old pregnant woman with obesity, who was managed utilizing a family medicine approach. The identified root cause of her problem as an inherited genetic susceptibility to hypertension, exacerbated by poor dietary habit within the family. Mrs. DK and her family was given comprehensive intervention to ensure a healthy pregnancy. This strategy provided her with results in the form of controlled blood pressure and enhanced understanding of her condition and nutritional requirements, as well as strategies to fulfill them. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to guarantee that goals are being met.

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units in vehicles can produce significant noise, lowering the sound quality inside the vehicle and reducing passenger comfort. While noise control methods are available, they can be expensive and harmful to the environment. To address these issues, this study aims to investigate using low-cost and biodegradable natural materials, specifically coconut fibers, for vehicle HVAC noise control. The study utilized coconut fibers, which have sound absorption properties reaching 42 dBA, to treat an actual Perodua HVAC unit. The treatment targeted the HVAC noise spectrum at low, medium, and high blower speeds, resulting in reduced Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at the passenger's ear position. The composite was applied to the air inlet head and inlet channel of the HVAC system using a specific combination of coconut fiber content. The research identified the sources of noise in the highest contributions that occurred at the blower fan unit and treated the required areas. In terms of numerical data, the results showed that the treatment significantly reduced the noise level by 11 dBA. Additionally, the experiment found that the 8% fiber ratio at low speed decreased by 14.28% following the treatment. Similarly, the fiber ratio at medium and high speeds saw reductions of 15.47% and 17.56%, respectively. This study presents a promising solution for reducing noise in vehicle HVAC units using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. Future research should focus on optimizing coconut fiber ratios, evaluating long-term durability and biodegradability, validating real-world applicability, and establishing standardized testing protocols to improve and confirm the effectiveness of coconut fiber-based noise control in automotive HVAC systems.

ABSTRACT: Our objective was to estimate the requirements of metabolizable energy (ME) and NEM of lactating and dry cows, the efficiency of ME utilization for milk production (kl) and tissue gain (kg), and the use of body energy mobilization for milk production (kt) throughout the lactation of primiparous crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows, using open-circuit respiration chambers. Twenty-nine primiparous Holstein × Gyr crossbred cows with an initial BW averaging 563 ± 40.1 kg and 2.5 ± 0.09 yr old were used throughout lactation and dry periods. The cows were kept nonpregnant throughout the study to eliminate possible confounding factors. Apparent digestibility assays, followed by calorimeter measurements, were performed 6 times throughout the lactation period. In the dry-off period, the cows were also evaluated but fed with restricted intake (DMI = 1.1% BW/d) to achieve heat production close to maintenance. After 21 d of diet adaptation, an apparent digestibility assay followed by calorimeter measurements was performed. Parameter estimates for lactation period were obtained by mixed models including lactation stage as repeated measures. For restricted feeding at dry-off and fasting period assays, the requirements were estimated by exponential regression. For whole lactation, the values of the ME requirement for maintenance (MEM) and NEM were 0.588 and 0.395 MJ/BW0.75, respectively. The efficiencies of kl, kg, and kt were 0.672, 0.771, and 0.814, respectively. However, MEM and NEM were higher in early and mid lactation than late, whereas kl was higher in early than other lactation stages. Dry and nonpregnant cows had MEM of 0.434 MJ/BW0.75 and NEM of 0.351 MJ/BW0.75 for maintenance level, and MEM of 0.396 MJ/BW0.75 and NEM of 0.345 MJ/BW0.75 for fasting metabolism level, and efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance was 0.80. Our findings confirmed that F1 crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cows have differences in energy requirement and efficiency throughout the lactation stages, suggesting the use of different values in each stage. The estimated values of energy requirement for maintenance and efficiencies for primiparous lactating crossbred Holstein × Gyr were similar to those reported in the literature in specific studies and requirements systems.

Abstract Due to the increasing importance of exposome in environmental epidemiology, feasibility and usefulness of an Environmental Data Management System (EDMS) using Open Data was evaluated. The EDMS includes data from 10 European cities (Celje (Slovenia), Łódź (Poland), Manchester (UK), Palermo (Italy), Paris (France), Porto (Portugal), Regensburg (Germany), Reus (Spain), Rijeka (Croatia), Thessaloniki (Greece)) about external non-specific and specific exposome factors at the city or country level (2017–2020). Findings showed that the highest values of life expectancy were in Reus females (86 years) and Palermo males (81 years). UK had the highest obesity rate (28%), Croatia the highest prescribed drug consumption (62%), Greece and Portugal the highest smoking rates (37%, 42%) and daily alcohol consumption (21%), respectively. The most polluted cities were Thessaloniki for PM10 (38 µg/m3), Łódź for PM2.5 (25 µg/m3), Porto for NO2 (62 µg/m3) and Rijeka for O3 (92 µg/m3). Thessaloniki had the highest grey space (98%) and Łódź the highest cumulative amount of pollen (39,041 p/m3). The highest daily noise levels ≥ 55 dB was in Reus (81% to traffic) and Regensburg (21% to railway). In drinking water, arsenic had the highest value in Thessaloniki (6.4 µg/L), boron in Celje (24 mg/L) and lead in Paris (46.7 µg/L). Portugal and Greece showed the highest pesticide residues in food (7%). In conclusion, utilizing open-access databases enables the translation of research findings into actionable strategies for public health interventions.

Abstract Plasma wakefield acceleration revolutionized the field of particle accelerators by generating gigavolt-per-centimeter fields. To compete with conventional radio-frequency (RF) accelerators, plasma technology must demonstrate operation at high repetition rates, with a recent research showing feasibility at megahertz levels using an Argon source that recovered after about 60 ns. Here we report about a proof-of-principle experiment that demonstrates the recovery of a Hydrogen plasma at the sub-nanosecond timescale. The result is obtained with a pump-and-probe setup and has been characterized for a wide range of plasma densities. We observed that large plasma densities reestablish their initial state soon after the injection of the pump beam ( 13 ns). The results are supported with numerical simulations and represent a step forward for the next-generation of compact high-repetition rate accelerators.

An uncontrolled fire poses severe threats to both humans and the environment, making firefighting a perilous and complex task. Traditional fire suppression methods are inefficient, costly, and without thorough testing, leading to delays in gaining control over fire outbreaks. This paper presents a novel firefighting drone aimed at mitigating risks to firefighters by extinguishing fires and providing real-time imaging, gas concentration and fire location data monitoring. The proposed intelligent quadcopter utilizes the Pixhawk PX4 microcontroller for precise control and the Pixhawk Telemetry system for data processing. The proposed device is constructed from an ultra-strength S500 Quadcopter frame, NodeMCU, Arduino Nano, various gas sensors, a servo motor to extinguish the fire and a camera to detect fire events in real time. Equipped with an FPV camera and a video transmitter, it transmits live video feed to the ground, enabling efficient navigation using the Flysky I6X controller. The intended position and height of the drone are controlled using an adaptive optimization technique known as fuzzy-based backstepping control. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the device by collecting and analyzing gas emissions data from controlled burns of various materials. The drone successfully measured concentrations of CO, CO 2 , O 3 , SO 2 , and NO 2 in affected areas, providing valuable insights for firefighting operations. Different levels of gases have been measured depending on the concentration from burning alcohol, clothes, plastic materials, paper, leaves, and so on. The novelty of this work lies in the development and comprehensive analysis of an IoT-based firefighting drone conducting extensive real-time experiments.

Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Ypnomeutidae) merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kubis. Serangga ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang parah. Perlu adanya tindakan pengendalian, seperti penggunaan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji toksisitas ekstrak limbah tembakau rokok terhadap P xylostella, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada Bulan Desember 2022 sampai dengan Bulan Februari 2023. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 tingkat konsentrasi yaitu 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, dan 90 % dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 10 larva P. xylostella. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan, serta analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak limbah tembakau mampu menyebabkan mortalitas larva P. xylostella hingga 85 %, menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas makan larva mencapai 81,68 %, menghambat pembentukan pupa dan imago. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) terdapat pada konsentrasi ekstrak limbah tembakau 63,4 %, dengan Median Lethal Time (LT50) tercepat yaitu pada 14 jam setelah aplikasi.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Hard Skills, Soft Skills, and Self-Efficacy on the quality of human resources (HR) in higher education in region III Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. This study used 283 samples from 3 universities in region 3 Cirebon. the research methodology uses quantitative, using multiple linear regression analysis to test the relationship between independent variables (Hard Skills, Soft Skills, and Self-Efficacy) with the dependent variable (HR quality). The findings from the research indicate that: 1. Hard skills have a significant positive impact on HR Quality, as evidenced by a t-count of 3.996, which exceeds the t-table value of 1.968. 2. Similarly, Soft skills also exert a significant positive influence on HR Quality, as shown by a t-count of 3.420, surpassing the t-table value of 1.968. 3. The influence of Self Efficacy on HR Quality is also positive and significant, as indicated by a t-count of 6.132, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.968. 4. Furthermore, the combination of Hard skills, Soft skills, and Self Efficacy collectively has a substantial positive effect on HR Quality, as demonstrated by an F-count of 151.383, which is higher than the F-table value of 2.64. These observations were made in the context of universities located in the Cirebon region. The implications of this study are significant for higher education institutions in Cirebon region III, as well as for broader education and human resource management practices. The findings underscore the importance of developing both Hard Skills and Soft Skills among university students, in addition to developing a positive self-efficacy mindset. This comprehensive approach to human resource development can lead to improved human capital quality, which is critical for economic and social development in the region.

Background: Traffic accidents can cause morbidity and mortality so preventive action is needed to overcome them. Purpose: to find out the factors associated with deaths from traffic accidents in Muaro Jambi Regency in 2019 to 2021. Methods: the type of research was case control. Secondary data was collected from the Muaro Jambi Resort Police Traffic Unit with a total sample 483 consist of 161 cases and 322 controls (1:2). The variables studied were the victim's age, sex, victim's role, vehicle’s type, direction of collision, day of accident, time of accident, weather, road surface’s type, traffic flow, availability of road markings, and shape of the road to the variables of death due to traffic accidents. To analysis the data, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used. Results: The risk factors for death due to traffic accidents in Muaro Jambi Regency were age, the role of victims, traffic flow, and road shape. The dominant factor was the victim’s role (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.87-5.44) controlled by variables of victim’s age (>30 years-old OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.85-3.04; 18-30 years-old OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.01-3.68), traffic flow (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.03-2.62), and road shape (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.77-2.00). Conclusion: Driver aged 18-30 years, moderate to busy traffic flow, and straight roads increase the risk of death from traffic accidents. Drivers should wear traffic safety equipment such as helmets, seat-belt and increase alertness and caution when driving.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide pandemic. Selenium derived from the plants of the Brassicaceae family plays an important role in several biological functions, often as an antioxidant or antiviral. In particular, selenium can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of various viral infections. Aims: To determine the potential drug, as well as the affinity and the bond energy associated with chemical interaction bonds between the complex selenium compounds from Brassicaceae as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and MAP4 through the use of in silico studies. Methods: The methods used in this study consisted of receptor and ligand data collection, ADMET analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. Results: The results of this study indicate that the selenium complex compounds have the potential to be used as a spike inhibitor drug for SARS-CoV-2, as they have passed the Lipinski test and showed promise in the pharmacokinetic analysis. The results of the bond docking show that several complex selenium compounds, such as ethaselen, selenomethionine, and selenocystine, have stronger binding affinity values than the controls. This is compared to the control MAP4, which yielded binding affinities of -6.1 kcal/mol and spike protein -7 kcal/mol, respectively. Controlled bisoxatin and estramustine are drugs with mechanisms targeted to MAP4 and spike protein, which are the usual standards used. Conclusions: The similarity of sites, the binding of several amino acid residues dominated by hydrogen bonds, and the result of molecular dynamic results for the selenium compound derived from Brassicaceae showed a stable bond to the spike protein and MAP4 with low fluctuation levels.

Halusinasi merupakan salah satu gejala dari gangguan persepsi sensori yang dapat dialami oleh penderita gangguan jiwa. Perubahan perilaku yang dapat muncul pada penderita halusinasi seperti tidak mampu membedakan keadaan nyata dan tidak nyataketakutan, khawatir, gelisah, bingung, perasaan tidak nyaman, kurang diperhatikan orang dan tidak mampu mengambil keputusan. Gangguan halusinasi dapat di atasi dengan terapi non farmakologi salah astunya yaitu terapi musik karen tidak dapat menimbulkan efek samping seperti obat-obatan, salah satu terapi non farmakologi yang lebih efektif adalah mendengarkan musik, terapi musik ini dilakukan selama 5 hari berturut-turut. Tujuan dari aplikasi ini adalah memberikan rasa tenang, membantu mengendalikan emosi serta menyembuhkan gangguan psikologi. Metode yang digunakan pada study kasus ini adalah dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan berupa pengkajian, merumuskan masalah, perencanaan, melakukan tindakan, dan evaluasi. Pendekatan pengukuran yang dipergunakan pre dan post menggunakan AHRS (Audiotory Hallucinations Rating Scale). Proses ini dilakukan selama 5 hari berturut-turut selama pagi dan sore hari selama 10-15 menit yang dilakukan pada 2 responden. Hasil evaluasi terjadi pasien mengalami penurunan dan gejala setelah dilakukan terapi musik yang diterapkan oleh penulis. Penerapan terapi musik mampu terbukti menurunkan tanda gejala halusinasi pendengaran pasien.

Kampar Polytechnic has a miniplan laboratory for processing CPO into cooking oil, biodiesel, and soap. During its operation, this processing produces liquid waste and solid waste. The waste released must be treated before being discharged into the environment, provided that the amount of COD reduction efficiency is good enough (63,41%). The COD content in wastewater is still above environmental quality standards. To reduce COD according to permissible standards, recycling is carried out with effluent from the sedimentation process returned to the equalization unit. The design of equalization, coagulation, and flocculation tubs has been successfully carried out. The results obtained are the dimensions of the equalization bath at 2m length, 2m width, and 1.2m height. The dimensions of the coagulation bath are 1.5m long, 1.0m wide, and 1.2m high. The dimensions of the flocculation bath are 2.5m long, 1.5m wide, and 1.2m high, with the provision that consideration meets the volume of liquid waste treated.

One of the pests that cause economic losses in Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Therefore, it is necessary to carry out alternative controls that are not damaging and detrimental to the surrounding environment including against beneficial organisms such as the natural enemy Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Clove oil and the formulation of essential oils in the form of nanoparticles have been used as a botanical pesticide. The purpose of this work is to determine the toxicity of a clove oil nanoformulation against aphids (A. gossypii) and the six-spotted zigzag ladybird predator C. sexmaculata. This work has six treatments and four replications using a fully randomized design. The results showed that clove oil nanoparticles (CO-NPs) significantly affected mortality and decreased the number of offspring of A. gossypii. The average size of the tested nanoparticles was 166.38 nm and the average zeta potential value of the tested nanoparticles was -19 mV. The CO-NPs can affect the increase in mortality and decrease in the offspring number of A. gossypii. The LC50 value of A. gossypii was 0.32% at the time of observation 48 hours after application while the LT50 value was 3 hours at a concentration of 1.2%. The percentage of decrease in the number of offspring reached 95.01% at a concentration of 1.2%. Results of calculating the selectivity ratio value (SR) showed that CO-NPs are selective against predators C. sexmaculata, with the SR value

Jukut pendul merupakan gulma yang sulit diberantas dan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman padi hingga 50%. Herbisida sintetis mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma, namun penggunaan intensif dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak infusa dan ekstrak etanol dari ubi kayu varietas karet dalam menghambat gulma jukut pendul. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari penyemprotan menggunakan ekstrak infusa dan ekstrak etanol masing-masing daun ubi, umbi, dan kulit umbi ubi kayu varietas karet serta kontrol sebagai pembanding. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji sidik ragam yang dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT jika berbeda signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan dalam pengaruh antara ekstrak infusa dan ekstrak etanol dari bagian daun, umbi, dan kulit umbi tanaman ubi kayu varietas karet terhadap pertumbuhan gulma jukut pendul. Bagian kulit umbi ubi kayu varietas karet memiliki efek bioherbisida yang signifikan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma jukut pendul berdasarkan pertambahan tinggi tajuk hari ketujuh dan persentase kesehatan tanaman. Analisis uji DMRT membuktikan bahwa metode ekstrak etanol lebih efektif menekan pertambahan tinggi tajuk pada hari ketujuh dan menurunkan persentase kesehatannya. Ekstrak etanol kulit umbi ubi kayu varietas karet dapat dijadikan kandidat bioherbisida yang terbaik karena mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma jukut pendul dengan cara menurunkan persentase kesehatan hingga 41,67% dan menekan pertambahan tinggi tajuk hingga 1,94 cm pada hari ketujuh. Simpulan dari penelitian adalah bagian kulit umbi ubi kayu varietas karet yang diekstrak dengan metode ekstrak etanol terbukti efektif menekan pertumbuhan gulma jukut pendul.

This paper proposes a methodology for managing groundwater monitoring directly in the field through a specific data entry system installed on mobile devices and a relational geographic database that allows the visualization and querying of data via a specific web interface. The study area is the city of Rome, where a monitoring system of approximately 150 piezometers and wells, currently manually monitored twice a year. The proposed method uses the Enterprise cloud platform (ESRI, 2024) managed by ISPRA-SNPA, which guarantees the repository of the data collected in an online cloud system and the use of Web applications. The data of the time series of levels and chemical-physical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity are freely accessible through attribute tables, graphs, and viewer elements. The results highlight numerous possibilities for expanding the network of active wells, enabling the use of groundwater resources for adaptation measures to address ongoing climate change.

The application of constructivist learning theory I considered important nowadays. When songs are introduced in the classroom the students can be more engaged. This study explores the use of constructivist learning theory in teaching English language to grade five elementary students, focusing on the effectiveness of songs as a learning tool. It investigates how songs can enhance student engagement, vocabulary retention, and concept understanding by promoting active participation. Using a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design, data were gathered through direct observations of student engagement and document analysis of learning outcomes. The findings show that incorporating songs significantly improves student participation, making vocabulary retention easier and aiding concept comprehension by providing meaningful context. The study concludes that integrating songs into the learning process creates a more engaging and effective learning environment, helping students deepen their knowledge through active experience and social interaction. Thus, the use of songs as a learning tool can be an effective strategy in improving the quality of English language learning in elementary schools.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are interconnected, integrated technologies that help to visualize AI systems and increase the fidelity and interactivity of VR in the educational field. Using VR and AI technology, teachers can promote thinking and knowledge in learning. This research aims to analyze and highlight several research publications that examine the use of VR to improve ES students’ twenty-first-century skills. The systematic literature review method conducts research to identify, evaluate, explore, and interpret all research results relevant to the research questions. This research has identified the potential of applying AI to twenty-first-century learning to revolutionize education through universal access, adaptation, and intelligent content creation for understanding concepts effectively. VR has a positive impact on students and teachers, as well as increasing motivation, understanding, and effectiveness in learning activities. We discovered that integrating VR into twenty-first-century learning among ES students is associated with increased engagement and motivation, better learning outcomes, and improved creativity and critical thinking skills. The results of this research provide constructive insight for teachers to improve the skills of ES students in the twenty-first century.

The increasing number of mothers working outside the home represents a significant social and economic change. The rise in women's workforce participation has notably impacted family dynamics, particularly influencing working mothers' feeding styles on child development and nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental feeding style and toddler’s nutritional status among working mothers. This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The target population includes all working mothers with toddlers in the Yogyakarta Special Region. Samples were purposively selected, comprising 211 mother-toddler pairs. Data were collected through self-administered online and offline questionnaires on respondent characteristics and feeding styles using the Caregiver Feeding Style Questionnaire. Toddler nutritional status data were measured using weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H) indices, obtained through direct measurements of weight and height. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between feeding style and children's nutritional status. There was a significant negative correlation between the responsive aspect of parenting feeding style and the nutritional status on the H/A index, rₛ(210) =-0.17, p=.014. However, no significant correlations were found between the demanding aspect of feeding style and the nutritional status on the W/A, H/A, and W/H indices (rₛ(210)=-0.03, p=.662; rₛ(210)=-0.07, p=.322; rₛ(210)=-0.08, p=.226, respectively). Similarly, the responsive aspect of parenting style was not significantly correlated with the nutritional status on the W/A and W/H indices (rₛ(210)=0.01, p=.947; rₛ(210)=-0.11, p=.115, respectively). In conclusion, a relationship was found between responsive parenting feeding style and nutritional status on the H/A index. However, no significant relationships were observed between demanding feeding style and nutritional status on the W/A, H/A, and W/H indices, or between responsive style and the W/A and W/H indices. Public health interventions should focus on promoting responsive feeding styles among working mothers to improve child nutritional outcomes.