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Objective: Studies showed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) might be able to prevent vocal fold scar formation when treating laryngeal lesions. We aim to investigate if PDT improves vocal wound healing and reduces scar formation in both prophylactic and remodeling procedures performed in vivo. Study Design: In vivo. Methods: Vocal fold stripping was performed in Sprague–Dawley rats. PDT was performed with intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid (5‐ALA) and 635 nm laser irradiation of 20, 40, and 60 J/cm2. PDT was performed immediately after surgery to study the prophylactic effect and 4 weeks after surgery to study the remodeling effect. Gene expression was evaluated with real‐time PCR at 1 week after PDT. Histologic evaluations were performed 12 weeks after PDT, including hematoxylin–eosin, Masson, Alcian blue staining, and immunohistochemical staining of collagen I and III. Results: PDT induced similar effects on the vocal fold wound healing outcomes in both prophylactic and remodeling procedures. Expression of MMP8, MMP13, HAS2, and TGFβ1 was significantly elevated. Histologic evaluation revealed significantly increased thickness, decreased density of collagen, and increased deposition of hyaluronic acid in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemistry also revealed better distribution and reduced density of collagen I and III. The most obvious changes were seen in the 60 J/cm2 PDT group. Conclusion: PDT could significantly improve vocal wound healing by providing both prophylactic effects and remodeling effects. It may be a minimally invasive treatment for vocal fold lesions with slight vocal scarring, and may be used to treat acute or chronic vocal injury to reduce vocal scarring. Level of Evidence: N/A Laryngoscope, 133:1943–1951, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The success rate of stapedotomy in otosclerosis patients with cochlea involvement was unknown. Aims/objectives: To determine the difference of surgical outcomes and symptomatology in otosclerosis patients with or without cochlea involvement on CT. Material and methods: 79 otosclerosis patients were included and grouped by HRCT, including cochlear-involved otosclerosis (C-group) or non-cochlear-involved otosclerosis (NC-group, control group). Patients were defined as NC-group in the presence of normal or solely fenestral involvement, or C-group if the hypodensities involve other parts of the labyrinthine bone Patients in the control group were collected at a 2:1 ratio to the C-group with similar follow-up times. Detailed complaints and surgical outcomes were compared between these groups. Results: Chief complaints were similar in the C-group and NC-group. Although postoperative AC, BC, and ABG decreased significantly in both groups, the success rate was significantly higher in C-group regarding the postoperative ABG °10 dB. Furthermore, diffuse lesions may indicate a more severe disease and a poorer prognosis. Conclusions and significance: Stapedotomy was effective for clinical otosclerosis. The surgical outcome was inferior favorable for cochlea involvement patients, especially for cases with widely involvement. There was no difference in chief complaints among patients with different CT degree of otosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulnar styloid fractures (USFs) are common concomitant injuries associated with distal radius fractures (DRFs). Recent studies have found conflicting evidence on whether these fractures treated or untreated effect pain and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate pain and function outcomes of consecutively untreated USFs in surgically repaired DRFs. The study hypothesis was that there would be no difference in outcomes whether an USF is present or not, with all cases left untreated. Methods: A prospective study at a single institution of consecutive DRF treated surgically with volar locked plating was undertaken. No patients underwent fixation of an USF if present. There were no treated USF that were excluded. Patients with associated ulnar neck and shaft fractures were excluded. Functional outcome measures were analyzed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (QDASH) and the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores. Outcome measures were collected at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: There was an incidence of 52.2% (n = 70/134) USF associated with surgically treated DRF. By location, there were 52.9% (n = 37/70) ulnar styloid tip fractures and 46.1% (33/70) ulnar styloid base. There were 75.7% of USF (53/70) still not healed by 1-year follow-up. When comparing patients with a DRF without an USF versus DRF with an associated USF at 12 months, there was no statistical difference in the QDASH score (6.7 vs 8.4, P =.47) or the PRWE total score (4.8 vs 7.5, P =.24). Similarly, subgroup analysis showed no statistical difference in QDASH or PRWE scores at final follow-up in united USF versus nonunited USF subjects (QDASH 14.2 vs 6.8, P =.112; PRWE 14.8 vs 5.4, P =.185). Conclusions: USFs are a common concomitant injury occurring in nearly half of DRFs treated surgically. Our prospective cohort analysis showed that neither the presence, type, nor bony union status of a concomitant USF has any significant effect on patient outcomes or reoperations at 1-year postoperatively. Our study confirms our hypothesis that USF of the tip and base should be left untreated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]