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The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the Styku S100 3-dimensional (3D) scanner. Thirty-three participants completed two visits separated by 1-3 days; at each visit, two scans were performed. Intra-class correlation co-efficients (ICCs) and MDC values based on a 90% confidence interval (MDC90) were calculated. For body fat percentage, within-day ICC and MDC[subscript 90] values were 0.997 and 1.1%, respectively, and these values changed to 0.989 and 2% when using single scans on separate days. For 21 circumference sites, 10 of the within-day ICCs were [greater than or equal to] 0.99 and 20 of the MDC[subscript 90] values were < 2 cm. Comparatively, five ICCs were [greater than or equal to] 0.99 and 15 MDC[subscript 90] values were < 2 cm when using single scans on separate days. In conclusion, between-visit differences of 1-2% for body fat percentage and 1-2 cm for most circumference values are needed to exceed typical measurement error.

ABSTRACT The modern patent system is incapable of policing extensive .fraud. This inability to control fraudulent activity has created a system susceptible to abuse. The current remedies offered by the [...]

Three methods of image enhancement, based on the properties of the logarithmic transform domain histogram and histogram equalization are proposed. A human visual system-based quantitative measurement of image contrast improvement has helped in choosing the best parameters and transform for each enhancement.