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The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical quality of soil in integrated crop-livestock systems (ICL) in comparison to continuous pasture and native Cerrado. During two years (2005 and 2006), soil samples from a clayed Rhodic Ferralsol were collected from two layers (0-20 and 70-80 cm), in six areas under different crop rotation and ICL. Continuous pasture and native Cerrado were used as reference. The following physical and hydraulic properties were evaluated: bulk density, water saturation, total porosity, macroporosity, effective microporosity, effective saturation, lab and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil-water retention curve. All the cultivated systems caused impact on the physical and hydraulic properties of the 0-20 cm layer. The continuous pasture provided the best soil physical quality. In the comparison between years, only the soil under conventional tillage had its bulk density increased and its soil porosity decreased. The pasture in the rotation system with ICL, even after four years, does not restore soil physical quality in comparison to continuous pasture.

The main objective of this paper is to present a time-varying harmonic decomposition using the sliding-window Discrete Fourier Transform including a dyadic downsampling. The method has been conceived to decompose and to visualize time-varying harmonics up to 15th order, with a low computational effort. The downsampling must be done carefully in order to impose no aliasing error to the lower order harmonics. The algorithm has been very efficient and helpful when tracking time-varying power harmonic and it has been applied to track harmonic distortion and understand time-dependent power quality events. The method presents potential for other applications such as control and protection.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma nova metodologia de estimação de fasores na presença de decaimento DC exponencial e de harmônicos ímpares no sinal. As estimações são realizadas em meio ciclo mais três amostras da componente fundamental do sistema. O método é baseado na estimação dos parâmetros do decaimento DC exponencial presentes no sinal. Para tal, são utilizadas algumas técnicas de processamento de sinais tais como o janelamento, modulação, a DTFT (Discret Time Fourier Transform) e buscas em tabelas. O desempenho do novo método é avaliado frente a dois métodos de estimação tradicionais, o DFT e o Least Square Error, ambos de meio ciclo.

This paper presents a compilation of issues, future trends and research opportunities in Power Quality (PQ) within the new context of power system development and operation. This article attempts to present an integrated perspective for PQ disturbances showing that the cause-effect paradigm and the interference problems need to be further investigated. The new challenges and problems experienced by the industry are due to the proliferation of new generation sources, the new distribution topologies, and the new non-linear loads connected to the system. Other points highlighted in this paper concern remote load identification, time varying harmonics and PQ in DC systems.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a emergência das espécies de plantas daninhas Euphorbia heterophylla e Bidens pilosa em áreas de produção de feijão e de trigo, após o cultivo de plantas de cobertura. O trabalho foi conduzido em área sob sistema de plantio direto na palha, manejado por cinco anos consecutivos, na Fazenda Capivara, da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, localizada no município de Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. O solo do local é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de sete plantas de cobertura de solo: braquiarão (Brachiaria brizantha) - cv. Marandu; braquiarão em consórcio com o milho (Zea mays) - híbrido HT BRS 3150; guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan); milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) - cv. BN-2; mombaça (Panicum maximum) cv. Mombaça; sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) - cv. BR 304; e estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis) - cv. Mineirão e por duas culturas cultivadas em sucessão nas áreas: feijão cv. Pérola e trigo - Embrapa 42. Todas as plantas de cobertura foram cortadas no mesmo dia, utilizando-se um triturador de palhada, e deixadas na superfície do solo. As semeaduras do feijão e do trigo foram realizadas sessenta dias após o corte das culturas de cobertura. Foram realizadas duas contagens do número de plantas emergidas de E. heterophylla e de B. pilosa, separadas em três estágios de crescimento (plantas com menos de duas folhas, de duas a quatro folhas e com mais de quatro folhas). Entre as plantas de cobertura testadas, braquiarão e mombaça se mostraram as mais promissoras em reduzir a emergência de plantas daninhas em cultivos subseqüentes, apresentando resultados significativos na diminuição do número de plantas de E. heterophylla estabelecidas nas áreas cultivadas com feijão ou com trigo. Não se constataram diferenças quanto à capacidade das culturas de feijão e de trigo em reduzir a população de E. heterophylla e B. pilosa. This study aimed to evaluate Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa emergence in common bean- and wheat-producing areas, after cultivation of coverage plants. The experiment was carried out under a no-tillage system in straw, during five years, at Capivara Farm of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, located in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. The local soil is classified as dystrophic Oxisol. The treatments combined seven coverage plants (Brachiaria brizantha - cv. Marandu; Brachiaria brizantha intercroping with corn (Zea mays) - hybrid HT BRS 3150; Cajanus cajan; Pennisetum glaucum - cv. BN-2; Panicum maximum - cv. Mombaça, Sorghum bicolor - cv. BR 304 and Stylosanthes guianensis - cv. Mineirão and two crops cultivated successively in the areas (common bean - cv. Pérola and wheat - Embrapa 42. All coverage plants were cut together by using a straw crusher and left on the ground; 60 days after being cut, the common bean and wheat plants were sowed. The number of plants obtained from Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa was counted twice and the plants were separated into three growth stages (less than two leaves, from two to four leaves and more than four leaves). Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum coverages were efficient in reducing weed emergence, mainly E. heterophylla in subsequent cultivation of common bean and wheat. No differences were observed in relation to common bean and wheat crop capacity of reducing E. heterophylla and B. pilosa population.