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Background: Craniofacial microsomia (CM) is characterized by changes in the first and second branchial arches. It is a clinical condition whose etiology is still uncertain, but studies have shown that genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors can result in disorders of blastogenesis of the branchial arches. This study evaluates gestational aspects, focusing on possible risk factors associated with CM. Methods: This is a case–control study conducted with patients monitored at a medical genetics service and compared to a control group of patients without evidence of malformations, born in a mother and child hospital, both located in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Mothers' data were obtained using questionnaires and by reviewing medical records. The sample consisted of 43 patients with CM (cases) and 129 patients without evidence of malformations (controls), paired by sex, totaling three controls for each case. Data analysis was performed using the two‐tailed Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi‐square test, and the t‐test. Results: We identified several factors associated with the development of CM, including the use of abortion methods by the mothers of these babies (p =.001), maternal diabetes (p =.009), advanced maternal age (p =.035), and a history of vaginal bleeding (p <.001). Furthermore, these patients exhibited a tendency to be born prematurely (p =.027), with low birth weight (p =.007), and lower Apgar scores (p =.003) when compared to healthy infants. Using a multivariate model, the use of abortion methods (p =.003) and vaginal bleeding (p =.032) remained independently associated with craniofacial microsomia. Conclusions: We have identified several risk factors for the development of CM, including a propensity for premature birth, low birth weight, and respiratory difficulties. Additionally, women of advanced maternal age and/or those who used abortion methods and/or have diabetes have a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with CM. This information can be valuable in clinical practice, especially for the prevention of future cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To evaluate the prognosis and influence of associated factors in patients with congenital heart disease admitted for the first time to the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio/Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, especially those factors associated with death., Methods: Patients were prospectively and consecutively allocated over a period of one year (August 2005 to July 2006). Now, 15 years after the initial selection, we collected data from these patients in the database of the Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre and in the medical records of the hospital., Results: Of the 96 patients, 11 died and 85 were alive until 20 years old. Four patients died in the Intensive Care Unit. The survival probability up to 365 days of life was 95.8%. The survival assessment identified that the deaths occurred mainly before the patients completed one thousand days of life. We found that complex heart disease was independently associated with an odds ratio of 5.19 (95% confidence interval - CI:1.09-24.71; p=0.038) for death., Conclusions: Knowledge about the factors that interfere with the prognosis can be crucial in care practice planning, especially considering that congenital heart disease is an important cause of mortality in the first year of life.