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This study aims to compare the performance of the sit-to-stand test and walking speed in individuals with chronic hemiplegia post-stroke and a control group (CG). Moreover, we will investigate whether lower limb resistance, measured based on the sit-to-stand test, is related to walking speed in individuals with chronic hemiplegia and a CG. Finally, we will verify if there are intra-group differences for the tests by dividing the hemiplegia group (HG) according to motor and sensorimotor function assessment classification. A cross-sectional design was used among a group with chronic hemiplegia (n=28) and a healthy CG (n=22). The HG was classified by the Fugl-Meyer scale, and both groups were evaluated using the 1-minute sit-to-stand test. The walking speed was calculated using a 3D kinematics system. Lower limb resistance among HG differed significantly from the CG, as well as walking speed. We found a strong correlation between the tests (ρ=0.773; p

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of sarcopenia or dinapenia, and the association between handgrip strength (PPF) with health status and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study's findings suggest that, in the presence of sarcopenia, FPP was related to health status and inspiratory muscle strength. In addition, in this same group, FPP influenced the outcome variables in elderly patients with COPD. Elderly; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Sarcopenia. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la presencia de sarcopenia o dinapenia, así como la asociación entre la fuerza de agarre (FPP) con el estado de salud y la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios en pacientes ancianos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Los hallazgos del estudio sugieren que, en presencia de sarcopenia, la FPP estaba relacionada con el estado de salud y la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios. Además, en este mismo grupo, la FPP influyó en las variables de resultado en pacientes ancianos con EPOC. Objetivou-se investigar a presença de sarcopenia, ou de dinapenia, e a associação entre força de preensão palmar (FPP) com o estado de saúde e a força muscular inspiratória, em pacientes idosos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Os achados do estudo sugerem que, diante da presença de sarcopenia, a FPP apresentou relação com o estado de saúde e a força muscular inspiratória. Além disso, nesse mesmo grupo, a FPP exerceu influência nas variáveis de desfecho em pacientes idosos com DPOC.

As disfunções hormonais presentes na mulher durante a gravidez podem causar desordens vestibulares e/ou cocleares. OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de queixas auditivas e vestibulares em gestantes. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Este é um estudo prospectivo no qual participaram 82 gestantes. Para pesquisa das queixas auditivas e vestibulares foi aplicado às gestantes o Protocolo de Anamnese proposto por Castagno (1994). RESULTADOS: Pode-se observar que o zumbido foi a queixa auditiva mais citada (33%), sem diferença entre os trimestres gestacionais. A queixa de tontura esteve presente em 52,44% das gestantes e principalmente no primeiro trimestre gestacional. Quanto aos sintomas relacionados à tontura, no primeiro trimestre o mais frequente foi a vertigem, já no segundo trimestre gestacional foi a instabilidade e o desequilíbrio ao caminhar e no terceiro trimestre gestacional foi a instabilidade seguida da tendência a cair. A náusea é o principal sintoma associado à tontura nas gestantes, sendo mais frequente no primeiro trimestre gestacional. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres durante a gestação referem queixas auditivas e vestibulares, principalmente tontura e zumbido. Hormonal dysfunctions in women during pregnancy can cause vestibular and/or cochlear disorders. AIM: to study hearing and vestibular complaints in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: this is a prospective study. 82 pregnant women participated on this study. For hearing and vestibular complaints, a questionnaire proposed by Castagno (1994) was employed. RESULTS: we could observe that tinnitus was the main auditory complaint (33%), although with no differences between the groups. Tinnitus was present among 52.44% of the pregnant women, mainly in the Group 2. According to symptoms related to dizziness, vertigo was the main auditory complaint in first trimester, whereas instability and gait unbalance were more frequent in the second trimester, and instability and tendency to fall in the third trimester. Nausea was the main symptom associated with dizziness in pregnant women, being more frequent in the first trimester of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: women during gestation have auditory and vestibular complaints, mainly dizziness and tinnitus.

O comportamento cicatricial de um segmento muscular homólogo, conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar a 300%, foi pesquisado no músculo diafragma de cão. Foram utilizados nove cães, adultos, três machos, sem raça definida com peso variando de 10,4 a 21,0kg, separados em três grupos de igual número denominados de I, II e III. Foi criado um defeito no hemidiafragma direito na porção muscular de dimensões 9,0 x 6,0cm, através de toracotomia no 10º espaço intercostal direito para fixação do implante muscular com fio poliglactina 910 3-0, por meio de pontos de Wolff com sobreposição de bordas. Os cães foram observados por um período de 30 dias (grupo I), 75 dias (grupo II) e 120 dias (grupo III) de pós-operatório, quando foram reoperados para observação macroscópica e coleta de amostras para avaliação histológica. Foi verificado nos animais do grupo I, substituição parcial e nos grupos II e III, substituição total da porção muscular do diafragma enxertado por tecido fibrovascular, que ocluía o defeito diafragmático, sendo observado com a evolução pós-operatória, um tecido de menor espessura, quase transparente. O emprego de segmento de músculo diafragma, conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar a 300%, em temperatura ambiente, para reparação de grande defeito no músculo diafragma de cão, é substituído por uma fina camada de tecido conjuntivo fibroso. The repair induced by an homologous muscular segment conserved in 300% supersaturated sugar solution on the diaphragmatic muscle of dogs was investigated. Nine adults mongrel dogs, three males, weights varying from 10.4 to 21.0kg, were used separated in three equally numbered denominated groups I, II and III. A defect was created, on the muscular portion of the right hemidiaphragm, with dimensions of 9.0 x 6.0cm, through thoracotomy in the 10th right intercostal space. The graft was sutured with thread poligalactin 910 3-0, by means of horizontal mattress suture, in an isolated pattern. The dogs were observed for a period of 30 days (subgroups I), 75 days (groups II) and 120 days (groups III) postoperatively. After this period, macroscopic observation and collection of samples for histologic evaluation were performed. It was verified in the animals of the subgroup I, partial substitution and in the subgroups II and III, total substitution of the muscular portion of the diaphragm. A fibrovascular tissue occluding the diaphragmatic defect was observed. With the postoperative evolution, a thin tissue, almost transparent, was identified. The segment of diaphragmatic muscle conserved in 300% supersaturated sugar solution, at room temperature, for repair of great defects in the diaphragmatic muscle of dogs was substituted by a fine layer of fibrous connective tissue.

Os agrotóxicos organofosforados são amplamente utilizados na agricultura, e atualmente fazem parte do grupo de agentes químicos que podem levar à perda auditiva, no qual já estavam incluídos os solventes, os metais e os asfixiantes. OBJETIVO: Analisar a ação ototóxica aguda de um agrotóxico do grupo dos organofosforados na citoarquitetura do sistema vestibulococlear. Trata-se de um estudo experimental prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas cobaias albinas machos, divididas em três grupos, nos quais se administrou água destilada (grupo 1 - controle), agrotóxico - 0,3mg/Kg/dia (grupo 2), agrotóxico - 3 mg/Kg/dia (grupo 3), durante sete dias consecutivos. O agrotóxico utilizado foi Tamaron BR (metamidofós). A avaliação anatômica da cóclea, sáculo e utrículo foi realizada através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após o período de aplicação do agrotóxico. RESULTADOS: As cobaias submetidas ao organofosforado apresentaram alterações morfológicas cocleares, com lesões nas três espiras analisadas, bem como alterações ciliares de sáculo e utrículo, intensificadas de acordo com a dosagem recebida do agente. CONCLUSÃO: As alterações morfológicas observadas nas células ciliadas nos grupos expostos a doses diárias de organofosforado promovem evidências de um efeito agudo degradante dos agrotóxicos no sistema vestibulococlear. Organophosphate toxic agents are used in agriculture and are currently part of the group of toxic agents which can lead to hearing loss, in which we have solvents, metals and asphyxiation agents. AIM: to analyze the acute ototoxic action of a group of organophosphate agents in the vestibulo-cochlear system. This is a prospective experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we used male albino guinea pigs, broken down into three groups, to which we provided distilled water (group 1 - control), agrotoxic agent - 0.3mg/Kg/day (group 2), agrotoxic - 3 mg/Kg/day (group 3), during 7 seven consecutive days. The most used agrotoxic agent was Tamaron BR (metamidophos). The anatomical evaluation of the cochlea, saccule and utricle was carried out by means of electronic scanning microscopy after the use of the agrotoxic agent. RESULTS: the guinea pigs submitted to the organophosphate presented cochlear morphological alterations with lesions on the three turns analyzed, as well as cilia alterations in the saccule and utricle, intensified according to the agent dosage. CONCLUSION: the morphological alterations seen in the hair cells exposed to daily doses of organophosphate promote evidences of an acute deleterious effect of agrotoxic agents on the vestibulo-cochlear system.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The primary pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to damage to the respiratory system. Nevertheless, given that it is a complex and heterogeneous disease, various extrapulmonary manifestations are evidenced in its progression, including peripheral and respiratory muscle dysfunction, reduced functional capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Evidence has shown that patients with COPD also have significant deficits in postural balance and an increased risk of falls. However, the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society’s statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) briefly presents the expansion of the scope of outcome assessment to include balance, although it does not address interventions with the potential to improve it. Hence, it is highly relevant to investigate whether adjuvant modalities, such as inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and/or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), could potentiate the effects of PR and improve postural balance. Given the above, this study sought to analyze the effects of adding multimodal training (IMT and NMES) compared to adding individualized IMT or NMES to PR and compared to conventional PR in patients with COPD. This is a randomized clinical trial (identification no. NCT04387318) with four parallel groups that, in addition to the PR program, performed multimodal training (IMT + NMES), IMT, NMES, or exclusively conventional PR, for eight weeks, twice a week. The primary endpoint was static postural balance assessed by the force platform (COPap: amplitude of displacement of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior direction; COPml: amplitude of displacement of the COP in the medio-lateral direction; COPvel: COP displacement velocity and 95% ellipse area [EA]). Secondary endpoints comprised static and dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go test, Balance Evaluation Systems test, Berg Balance Scale, and Dynamic Foam-Laser Posturography), fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Brazil and Activities-specific Balance Confidence), peripheral muscle strength and endurance (dynamometry and 30-second sit to stand test), and respiratory (manovacuometry, incremental and constant tests), functional capacity (six-minute walk test), HRQoL (Saint George’s Hospital Questionnaire on Respiratory Disease [SGRQ]), peripheral and respiratory muscle architecture (ultrasonography), and laboratory biomarkers (inflammatory profile, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and muscle and DNA damage). The main findings showed that only in the multimodal training group was there a significant reduction in all postural sway variables (eyes open and closed: COPap: p=0.002, p

The maintenance of postural balance occurs through the performance of the postural control system and any impairment of this system can give rise to body imbalance. Frequency analysis has been widely used in the assessment of postural control. The aim of the study was to evaluate postural sway during manipulation of sensory systems in healthy individuals, comparing the sexes and postural sway in relation to the time of collection. This is an experimental cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 48 individuals, 23 males and 25 females, with a mean age of 32.21±10.48 years and a BMI of 22.07±3.05 kg/m², exposed to four tests of Sensory Organization (TOS): eyes open, eyes closed, stable and unstable surface, on a force platform. Three trials of 60 seconds were performed, with a one-minute rest interval between them. Acquisition frequency of 100 Hz and data filtered by a 2nd order Butterworth digital filter, adjusted frequency of 20 Hz, and processed through a Matlab routine. The variables used were the displacement amplitude and the medians of the frequencies present in the center of pressure (COP) signals in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. For the comparison between the four test conditions, ANOVA of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc was used. For the comparison between the sexes and the comparison between the times (0 - 15s; 16 - 30s; 31 - 50s) during the four test conditions a two-way ANOVA was used. 5% significance level. All analyzes were performed using SPSS version 20.0. The displacement variables and the COP oscillation frequencies were influenced by the manipulation of the sensory systems. The change from stable to unstable surface generated an increase in the frequency of oscillation to maintain postural control (p

Introduction: Chronic tinnitus is a subjective multifactorial symptom, in which different treatments are proposed for its management, antioxidants have been shown as an apparently promising perspective. Açaí extract, made of an Amazon native fruit, has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, capable of preventing and reducing diseases, being usually somehow associated with tinnitus. Aim: Verifying the effectiveness of the experimental treatment, açaí extract with everyday supplementation, to decrease the discomfort of chronic tinnitus, comparing its effect isolated and associated to speech therapy counseling in a single session and understanding the mechanisms related to the oxidative metabolism of this population. Methodology: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out with three groups: Placebo Group (starch capsules), Açaí Group (capsules with 100mg of açaí dry extract) and Açaí Group associated with Counseling (100mg of açaí and counseling in one session). The data obtained in the Tinnitus Investigation Anamnesis served as support to identify the symptomatological aspects and health conditions, evaluated with the following procedures in the evaluation and after three months of treatment: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Minimum Masking Level (MML), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, The World Health Organization Quality of Life and oxidative stress biomarkers (Dichlorofluoresceinadiacetate, Lipid Peroxidation, Protein Carbonylation). Results: 45 subjects participated of this study, with a mean age of 52.9 years, 19 males and 26 females, with normal hearing thresholds or sensorineural hearing loss to a mild degree. There was a decrease in the discomfort with tinnitus at the moment after treatment, for the groups that used açaí supplementation, isolated açaí (VAS p = 0.006; THI p = 0.006), açaí associated with Counseling (VAS p = 0.002; THI p = 0.014). Placebo group decreased anxiety scores (p = 0.017) and MML (p = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences for quality of life and oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion: The oral antioxidant supplementation, made of açaí extract, proved to be beneficial to reduce discomfort with chronic tinnitus, either isolated or with speech therapy counseling, regardless of the underlying etiology and it acan be considered as a treatment modality. In addition, monthly follow-up, without supplementation, helped to alleviate anxiety, improving symptom masking levels. However, the effect of this supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers needs further investigation. Introdução: O zumbido crônico é um sintoma subjetivo multifatorial, no qual diferentes tratamentos são propostos para o seu gerenciamento, os antioxidantes têm se mostrado como uma perspectiva aparentemente promissora. O extrato de açaí, fruto nativo da região amazônica, possuiu capacidade anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, capaz de prevenir e reduzir doenças, geralmente interligadas de alguma forma ao zumbido. Objetivo: Verificar a eficácia do tratamento experimental, o extrato de açaí com suplementação diária, para atenuar o incômodo do zumbido crônico, comparando seu efeito isolado e associado ao aconselhamento fonoaudiológico em sessão única e compreender os mecanismos referentes ao metabolismo oxidativo dessa população. Metodologia: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado por placebo, com três grupos: Grupo Placebo (cápsulas de amido), Grupo Açaí (cápsulas com 100mg de extrato seco de açaí) e Grupo Açaí associado ao Aconselhamento (100mg de açaí e aconselhamento em sessão única). Os dados obtidos na Anamnese de Investigação do Zumbido serviram de apoio para identificar os aspectos sintomatológicos e condições de saúde, avaliados com os seguintes procedimentos na avaliação e após três meses de tratamento: Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Nível Mínimo de Mascaramento (NMM), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, The World Health Organization Quality of Life e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo (Diclorofluoresceínadiacetato, Peroxidação Lipídica, Carbonilação de proteínas). Resultados: Participaram 45 sujeitos, com média de 52,9 anos, 19 do gênero masculino e 26 do feminino, com limiares auditivos normais ou perda auditiva neurossensorial até grau leve. Houve diminuição no incômodo com o zumbido no momento pós tratamento, para os grupos que continham a suplementação com açaí, açaí isolado (EVA p= 0,006; THI p=0,006), açaí mais aconselhamento (EVA p=0,002; THI p=0,014). Grupo Placebo diminuiu escores de ansiedade (p=0,017) e NMM (p=0,013). Não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes para a qualidade de vida e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo. Conclusão: A suplementação antioxidante oral, composta por extrato de açaí, mostrou-se benéfica para reduzir o desconforto com o zumbido crônico, seja isolado ou com aconselhamento fonoaudiólogico, independente da etiologia de base e pode ser considerada uma modalidade de tratamento. Além disso, o acompanhamento mensal, sem suplementação, auxiliou na atenuação da ansiedade, melhorando os níveis de mascaramento do sintoma. Entretanto, o efeito dessa suplementação em biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo precisa de maior investigação.

Tinnitus is a symptom whose main cause is hearing loss, treated by otolaryngologists and speech therapists. But in addition to hearing loss there are numerous other causes for tinnitus, multiprofessional approach, treated with complementary therapies. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects on the symptoms of subjects with chronic tinnitus after a single session of cranial osteopathy, and after treatment with cranial osteopathy and acupuncture. The oxidative metabolism of the subjects after the single session of cranial osteopathy was also evaluated. The research sample consisted of volunteers who, complaining of tinnitus for at least six months, sought the Audiology Clinic of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. The first phase, the single session of cranial osteopathy (n = 28) lasted 50 minutes, and the second phase, the treatment with one session per week, for six weeks lasting 30 minutes each, with cranial osteopathy (OCG, n = 12), or with Acupuncture (ACG, n = 12), where subjects were randomized by simple draw method. Osteopathy techniques were directed at cranial sutures, masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and sphenobasilar synchondrosis; and the application of acupuncture followed a protocol whose meridians included Triple Warmer (TW), Gallbladder (GB), Small Intestine (SI) among others. All subjects underwent history taking, audiometry, acuphenometry, and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Questionnaire (THI). The subjects who participated in the single session also had their oxidative metabolism evaluated by blood collection and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), protein carbonation and PicoGreen DNA tests. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was performed before and after the sessions, and it was considered a symptom improvement if two or more points were decreased. The results allowed us to conclude that both single session and Cranial Osteopathy and Acupuncture treatments were effective in the improvement of tinnitus. Protein carbonylation increased shortly after the single session of cranial osteopathy. Cranial osteopathy, an innovative and inexpensive complementary therapy, can be considered as an effective alternative for the treatment of tinnitus. Its biochemical effects still require further elucidation. O zumbido é um sintoma cuja principal causa é a perda auditiva, tratada por Otorrinolaringologistas e Fonoaudiólogos. Mas além da perda auditiva existem inúmeras outras causas para o zumbido, de abordagem multiprofissional, tratadas com terapias complementares. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a sintomatologia de sujeitos com zumbido crônico após uma única sessão de Osteopatia craniana, e, após o tratamento com Osteopatia craniana e Acupuntura. Também foi avaliado o metabolismo oxidativo dos sujeitos após a sessão única de Osteopatia craniana. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por voluntários que, apresentando queixa de zumbido há pelo menos seis meses, procuraram o Ambulatório de Audiologia do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. A primeira fase, a sessão única de Osteopatia craniana (n=28) teve duração de 50 minutos, e a segunda fase, o tratamento com uma sessão por semana, durante seis semanas com duração de 30 minutos cada, com Osteopatia Craniana (GOC, n=12), ou com Acupuntura (GAC, n=12), onde os sujeitos foram randomizados por método simples do tipo sorteio. As técnicas de Osteopatia foram direcionadas às suturas cranianas, músculos mastigatórios, articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e sincondrose esfenobasilar; e a aplicação da Acupuntura seguiu um protocolo cujos meridianos incluiam Triplo Aquecedor (TA), Vesícula Biliar (VB), Intestino delgado (ID) entre outros. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a Anamnese, Audiometria, Acufenometria, e ao Questionário Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Os sujeitos que participaram da sessão única, tiveram ainda, a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo por meio da coleta de sangue e realização dos testes Substâncias Reativas ao Ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), Diclorofluoresceína diacetato (DCFH-DA), Carbonilação de proteínas e DNA PicoGreen. A Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) foi realizada antes e após as sessões, e foi considerada melhora sintomatológica a diminuição de dois ou mais de seus pontos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que tanto a sessão única quanto os tratamentos de Osteopatia craniana e Acupuntura foram eficazes na melhora sintomatológica do zumbido. Houve aumento na carbonilação de proteínas logo após a sessão única de Osteopatia craniana. Pode-se considerar que a Osteopatia craniana, uma terapia complementar inovadora e de baixo custo pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento do zumbido. Seus efeitos a nível bioquímico ainda necessitam maior elucidação.