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Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) is responsible for economic losses in poultry farming and food infections in humans and is a serious public health problem. Recently, there has been an increase in the frequency of isolation of this serotype in batches of broilers raised in Brazil. It is necessary to find new ways to help control this pathogen. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing the compound Original XPC, which is a prebiotic-like fermented compound (PFC), and/or Sangrovit, which is a sanguinarine-based phytobiotic (SAN), on SH infection in broiler chicks. For this purpose, SH colonization in the cecum and its invasion into the spleen and liver were evaluated, as were the histopathological changes caused in these organs. The lowest cecal SH counts were observed in birds that ingested SAN, followed by those fed PFC (P < 0.05), with no added effect when the two bioproducts were used together (SAN + PFC). The mean SH and liver spleen counts did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In general, birds from all groups challenged with SH showed similar macroscopic changes, such as hemorrhagic areas, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, such changes being more intense in the infected control group. The microscopic changes observed in the liver included hepatocyte congestion, heterophil infiltration in the sinusoid capillaries, areas of necrosis, and mononuclear inflammation. In the cecum, heterophilic infiltrate and thickening of the lamina propria were observed. In the ileum, the most common changes were congestion and thickening of the lamina propria and atrophy of the villi and crypts. The microscopic changes were less intense in the supplemented birds than the infected control group, and those supplemented with SAN developed the least changes. As ideal conditions for histomorphometric parameters of the ileum, the villus:crypt ratio in birds should be high, the villi should be long, and the crypts should be shallow. In the present study, higher mean heights and villus areas were observed in uninfected control and SAN group birds, and the crypt depth was lower in birds in the negative control group. The lowest villus:crypt ratio was observed in the birds of the infected control group. Although additional studies are needed, the preliminary results of the current investigation indicated that the addition of bioproducts, especially SAN, to the diet of birds helped to control SH infection, reducing its count in the cecum and improving overall and intestinal health., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSProgeny from vaccinated 30-week-old breeders presented less SH in caecal content compared to the control.High titres of maternal anti- Salmonella IgY could be associated with lower SH faecal shedding.

Avulsion fractures of the apophysis of the iliac crest have rare incidence and are little known. In this article, we report the case of an 11-year-old female patient who presented this injury after indirect trauma. From careful radiographic analysis, an avulsion fracture of the iliac crest was identified. It was decided to use nonsurgical treatment comprising analgesia and load restriction. This case report emphasizes the importance of suspecting avulsion fractures in cases of low-energy trauma, and also guides the treatment, so as to prevent functional deficit and deformities.

Objective: To establish immortalized caprine fibroblastic cell lines permissive for replication of small ruminant lentiviruses., Animals: Carpal synovial membrane explants collected aseptically from a surgically delivered fetus of a lentivirus-seronegative goat., Procedure: Immortalization of goat embryonic fibroblasts was performed by DNA transfection with plasmids coding for simian virus 40 large T antigen. The generated cell lines were phenotypically characterized. Cytogenetics, growth pattern, and sensitivity to viral infection were studied., Results: 3 cell lines, designated TIGEF, mMTSV-54, and mMTSV-93, were generated. They had a more rapid doubling time than did fibroblasts from which they were derived, and retained morphologic and phenotypic fibroblastic characteristics. They were immortalized but not transformed because tumor formation was not promoted after their s.c. injection into athymic nude mice. The 3 cell lines were susceptible to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and visna-maedi virus infections, and supported a complete virus replication cycle., Conclusions: Cultured caprine fibroblastic cells were immortalized, using simian virus 40 large T antigen. The TIGEF, mMTSV-54, and mMTSV-93 immortalized cell lines were permissive to in vitro small ruminant lentivirus replication., Clinical Relevance: Because lentivirus detection, as well as detailed studies of host-lentivirus interactions, are hampered by differences in viral susceptibility of each primary culture, permanent cell lines are essential tools for such analysis.