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1. Average annual cost of Parkinson’s disease in São Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms

Author: Bovolenta TM, Azevedo Silva SM, Saba RA, Borges V, Ferraz HB, and Felicio AC
Subjects: Parkinson’s disease, Health Economics, Cost of Illness, Health Evaluation, Cost Analysis, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Tânia M Bovolenta,1 Sônia Maria Cesar de Azevedo Silva,2 Roberta Arb Saba,3 Vanderci Borges,2 Henrique Ballalai Ferraz,2 Andre C Felicio1 1Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, 2Neurology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, 3Neurology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil Background: Although Parkinson’s disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, its cost in Brazil – South America’s largest country – is unknown.Objective: The goal of this study was to calculate the average annual cost of Parkinson’s disease in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.Subjects and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a bottom-up approach (ie, from the society’s perspective). Patients (N=260) at two tertiary public health centers, who were residents of the São Paulo metropolitan area, completed standardized questionnaires regarding their disease-related expenses. We used simple and multiple generalized linear models to assess the correlations between total cost and patient-related, as well as disease-related variables.Results: The total average annual cost of Parkinson’s disease was estimated at US$5,853.50 per person, including US$3,172.00 in direct costs (medical and nonmedical) and US$2,681.50 in indirect costs. Costs were directly correlated with disease severity (including the degree of motor symptoms), patients’ age, and time since disease onset.Conclusion: In this study, we determined the cost of Parkinson’s disease in Brazil and observed that disease-related motor symptoms are a significant component of the costs incurred on the public health system, patients, and society in general. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, health economics, cost of illness, health evaluation, cost analysis
Published: 2017

2. A surface-tethered dopant method to achieve 3D control over the growth of a nanometers-thin and intrinsically transparent polypyrrole film

Author: Desroches, PE, Fraysse, KS, Silva, SM, Firipis, K, Merenda, A, Han, M, Dumée, LF, Quigley, AF, Kapsa, RMI, O'Connel, CD, Moulton, SE, Greene, GW, Desroches, PE, Fraysse, KS, Silva, SM, Firipis, K, Merenda, A, Han, M, Dumée, LF, Quigley, AF, Kapsa, RMI, O'Connel, CD, Moulton, SE, and Greene, GW
Abstract: The electrochemical growth of conductive polymer films is a convenient synthesis route but challenging to control due to local variability in the reaction kinetics. Here we report a new method for electropolymerizing highly reproducible conductive polypyrrole films that are just nanometers thick, highly conductive and possess intrinsic optical transparencies comparable to ITO. The synthesis method utilizes a surface-tethered dopant molecule, in this case a self-assembled monolayer of the highly anionic protein lubricin (LUB), to template and thus control the 3-dimensional growth of the polypyrrole when the electrochemical polymerization reaction is performed in a pyrrole monomer solution containing no additional dopant molecules or ions. Because the tethered dopant controls where and how much polypyrrole growth occurs, this method effectively decouples the fine film morphology, thickness, and spatial-growth from the polymerization reaction kinetics and represents a paradigm shift in the electrochemical polymerization of conductive polymer films.
Published: 2023

3. 260 Case report of neuroendocrine tumor arising from ovarian teratoma

Author: Severich Torrico, MA, Zanvettor, PH, Oliveira Macedo, R, de Almeida Sousa, T, Amorim Nascimento, MJ, Medeiros Silva, SM, and Falcão, DF
Published: 2019
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4. MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 26 (MMP-26) OVEREXPRESSION IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA

Author: Santos F, da Costa Silva Neto J, Luís Almeida Paes F, da Silva Rl, Souza da Silva Sm, de Lima It, and Almeida Diniz Gurgel Ap
Subjects: Intraepithelial neoplasia, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Area under the curve, Cancer, Hyperplasia, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Prostate cancer, Atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, business
Abstract: IntroductionMatrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been identified as biomarkers for several diseases, including cancer. MMP-26 is constitutively expressed in some cancer cells of epithelial origin. Despite this, there is a lack of studies regarding the expression of MMP-26 on prostatic carcinoma.AimHere, we investigate the expression of the MMP-26 peptide in benign and malign prostatic tissues.Patients and MethodsFor this, 150 specimens, including atrophy (N = 25), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (N = 25), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (N = 50), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) (N = 50), were immunohistochemically (IHC) examined for the expression of MMP-26.ResultsMMP-26 expression was positive in 70 (46.7%) out of the 150 samples, being more prevalent in the PA group (46/50 cases,92%), followed by PIN (22/25 cases, 88%). The BPH group showed only 2/50 (4%) positive cases, and the atrophy group showed no reactivity. ROC curve analysis showed that MMP-26 immunoexpression had a higher area under the curve between PA vs atrophy+PIN+BPH (AUC=0.94; 95% CI 0.9-0.98), PA+PIN vs atrophy+BPH (AUC=0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99) and PA vs atrophy+BPH (AUC=0.97; 95% CI 0.95-1.00) groups. In addition, the expression and intensity of the MMP-26 reaction showed a significant association with total PSA values (P=0.001).ConclusionsOur results showed that MMP-26 immunoexpression was useful to differentiate a group of benign and malignant samples in prostate tumors. This characteristic could assist in the predictive assessment and, consequently, in the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer.
Published: 2021

5. Tractography dissection variability: What happens when 42 groups dissect 14 white matter bundles on the same dataset?

Author: Schilling, KG, Rheault, F, Petit, L, Hansen, CB, Nath, V, Yeh, F-C, Girard, G, Barakovic, M, Rafael-Patino, J, Yu, T, Fischi-Gomez, E, Pizzolato, M, Ocampo-Pineda, M, Schiavi, S, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Daducci, A, Granziera, C, Innocenti, G, Thiran, J-P, Mancini, L, Wastling, S, Cocozza, S, Petracca, M, Pontillo, G, Mancini, M, Vos, SB, Vakharia, VN, Duncan, JS, Melero, H, Manzanedo, L, Sanz-Morales, E, Pena-Melian, A, Calamante, F, Attye, A, Cabeen, RP, Korobova, L, Toga, AW, Vijayakumari, AA, Parker, D, Verma, R, Radwan, A, Sunaert, S, Emsell, L, De Luca, A, Leemans, A, Bajada, CJ, Haroon, H, Azadbakht, H, Chamberland, M, Genc, S, Tax, CMW, Yeh, P-H, Srikanchana, R, Mcknight, CD, Yang, JY-M, Chen, J, Kelly, CE, Yeh, C-H, Cochereau, J, Maller, JJ, Welton, T, Almairac, F, Seunarine, KK, Clark, CA, Zhang, F, Makris, N, Golby, A, Rathi, Y, O'Donnell, LJ, Xia, Y, Aydogan, DB, Shi, Y, Fernandes, FG, Raemaekers, M, Warrington, S, Michielse, S, Ramirez-Manzanares, A, Concha, L, Aranda, R, Meraz, MR, Lerma-Usabiaga, G, Roitman, L, Fekonja, LS, Calarco, N, Joseph, M, Nakua, H, Voineskos, AN, Karan, P, Grenier, G, Legarreta, JH, Adluru, N, Nair, VA, Prabhakaran, V, Alexander, AL, Kamagata, K, Saito, Y, Uchida, W, Andica, C, Abe, M, Bayrak, RG, Wheeler-Kingshott, CAMG, D'Angelo, E, Palesi, F, Savini, G, Rolandi, N, Guevara, P, Houenou, J, Lopez-Lopez, N, Mangin, J-F, Poupon, C, Roman, C, Vazquez, A, Maffei, C, Arantes, M, Andrade, JP, Silva, SM, Calhoun, VD, Caverzasi, E, Sacco, S, Lauricella, M, Pestilli, F, Bullock, D, Zhan, Y, Brignoni-Perez, E, Lebel, C, Reynolds, JE, Nestrasil, I, Labounek, R, Lenglet, C, Paulson, A, Aulicka, S, Heilbronner, SR, Heuer, K, Chandio, BQ, Guaje, J, Tang, W, Garyfallidis, E, Raja, R, Anderson, AW, Landman, BA, Descoteaux, M, Schilling, KG, Rheault, F, Petit, L, Hansen, CB, Nath, V, Yeh, F-C, Girard, G, Barakovic, M, Rafael-Patino, J, Yu, T, Fischi-Gomez, E, Pizzolato, M, Ocampo-Pineda, M, Schiavi, S, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Daducci, A, Granziera, C, Innocenti, G, Thiran, J-P, Mancini, L, Wastling, S, Cocozza, S, Petracca, M, Pontillo, G, Mancini, M, Vos, SB, Vakharia, VN, Duncan, JS, Melero, H, Manzanedo, L, Sanz-Morales, E, Pena-Melian, A, Calamante, F, Attye, A, Cabeen, RP, Korobova, L, Toga, AW, Vijayakumari, AA, Parker, D, Verma, R, Radwan, A, Sunaert, S, Emsell, L, De Luca, A, Leemans, A, Bajada, CJ, Haroon, H, Azadbakht, H, Chamberland, M, Genc, S, Tax, CMW, Yeh, P-H, Srikanchana, R, Mcknight, CD, Yang, JY-M, Chen, J, Kelly, CE, Yeh, C-H, Cochereau, J, Maller, JJ, Welton, T, Almairac, F, Seunarine, KK, Clark, CA, Zhang, F, Makris, N, Golby, A, Rathi, Y, O'Donnell, LJ, Xia, Y, Aydogan, DB, Shi, Y, Fernandes, FG, Raemaekers, M, Warrington, S, Michielse, S, Ramirez-Manzanares, A, Concha, L, Aranda, R, Meraz, MR, Lerma-Usabiaga, G, Roitman, L, Fekonja, LS, Calarco, N, Joseph, M, Nakua, H, Voineskos, AN, Karan, P, Grenier, G, Legarreta, JH, Adluru, N, Nair, VA, Prabhakaran, V, Alexander, AL, Kamagata, K, Saito, Y, Uchida, W, Andica, C, Abe, M, Bayrak, RG, Wheeler-Kingshott, CAMG, D'Angelo, E, Palesi, F, Savini, G, Rolandi, N, Guevara, P, Houenou, J, Lopez-Lopez, N, Mangin, J-F, Poupon, C, Roman, C, Vazquez, A, Maffei, C, Arantes, M, Andrade, JP, Silva, SM, Calhoun, VD, Caverzasi, E, Sacco, S, Lauricella, M, Pestilli, F, Bullock, D, Zhan, Y, Brignoni-Perez, E, Lebel, C, Reynolds, JE, Nestrasil, I, Labounek, R, Lenglet, C, Paulson, A, Aulicka, S, Heilbronner, SR, Heuer, K, Chandio, BQ, Guaje, J, Tang, W, Garyfallidis, E, Raja, R, Anderson, AW, Landman, BA, and Descoteaux, M
Abstract: White matter bundle segmentation using diffusion MRI fiber tractography has become the method of choice to identify white matter fiber pathways in vivo in human brains. However, like other analyses of complex data, there is considerable variability in segmentation protocols and techniques. This can result in different reconstructions of the same intended white matter pathways, which directly affects tractography results, quantification, and interpretation. In this study, we aim to evaluate and quantify the variability that arises from different protocols for bundle segmentation. Through an open call to users of fiber tractography, including anatomists, clinicians, and algorithm developers, 42 independent teams were given processed sets of human whole-brain streamlines and asked to segment 14 white matter fascicles on six subjects. In total, we received 57 different bundle segmentation protocols, which enabled detailed volume-based and streamline-based analyses of agreement and disagreement among protocols for each fiber pathway. Results show that even when given the exact same sets of underlying streamlines, the variability across protocols for bundle segmentation is greater than all other sources of variability in the virtual dissection process, including variability within protocols and variability across subjects. In order to foster the use of tractography bundle dissection in routine clinical settings, and as a fundamental analytical tool, future endeavors must aim to resolve and reduce this heterogeneity. Although external validation is needed to verify the anatomical accuracy of bundle dissections, reducing heterogeneity is a step towards reproducible research and may be achieved through the use of standard nomenclature and definitions of white matter bundles and well-chosen constraints and decisions in the dissection process.
Published: 2021

6. Micropatterning of porous silicon B ragg reflectors with poly(ethylene glycol) to fabricate cell microarrays: Towards single cell sensing

Author: Piya, R, Zhu, Y, Soeriyadi, AH, Silva, SM, Reece, PJ, Gooding, JJ, Piya, R, Zhu, Y, Soeriyadi, AH, Silva, SM, Reece, PJ, and Gooding, JJ
Abstract: The work presented here describes the development of an optical label-free biosensor based on a porous silicon ( PSi) Bragg reflector to study heterogeneity in single cells. Photolithographic patterning of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel with a photoinitiator was employed on RGD peptide-modified PSi to create micropatterns with cell adhesive and cell repellent areas. Macrophage J774 cells were incubated to form cell microarrays and single cell arrays. Moreover, cells on the microarrays were lysed osmotically with Milli-Q™ water and the infiltration of cell lysate into the porous matrix was monitored by measuring the red shift in the reflectivity. On average, the magnitude of red shift increased with the increase in the number of cells on the micropatterns. The red shift from the spots with single cells varied from spot to spot emphasizing the heterogeneous nature of the individual cells.
Published: 2019

7. Depolarization of sperm membrane potential is a common feature of men with subfertility and is associated with low fertilization rate at IVF

Author: Brown, SG, Publicover, SJ, Mansell, SA, Lishko, PV, Williams, HL, Ramalingam, M, Wilson, SM, Barratt, CLR, Sutton, KA, and Da Silva, SM
Subjects: Male, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Potassium Channels, Fertilization in Vitro, sperm dysfunction, Medical and Health Sciences, male infertility, Membrane Potentials, CatSper, Humans, Calcium Signaling, Andrology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Slo1, reproductive and urinary physiology, Infertility, Male, Slo3, urogenital system, Original Articles, Spermatozoa, Studies in Human Society, IVF, Infertility, Fertilization, Sperm Motility, Female, patch clamp electrophysiology, potassium channel
Abstract: © 2016 The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. STUDY QUESTION Are significant abnormalities in outward (K+) conductance and resting membrane potential (Vm) present in the spermatozoa of patients undertaking IVF and ICSI and if so, what is their functional effect on fertilization success? SUMMARY ANSWER Negligible outward conductance (≈5% of patients) or an enhanced inward conductance (≈4% of patients), both of which caused depolarization of Vm, were associated with a low rate of fertilization following IVF. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sperm-specific potassium channel knockout mice are infertile with defects in sperm function, suggesting that these channels are essential for fertility. These observations suggest that malfunction of K+ channels in human spermatozoa might contribute significantly to the occurrence of subfertility in men. However, remarkably little is known of the nature of K+ channels in human spermatozoa or the incidence and functional consequences of K+ channel defects. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Spermatozoa were obtained from healthy volunteer research donors and subfertile IVF and ICSI patients attending a hospital assisted reproductive techniques clinic between May 2013 and December 2015. In total, 40 IVF patients, 41 ICSI patients and 26 normozoospermic donors took part in the study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Samples were examined using electrophysiology (whole-cell patch clamping). Where abnormal electrophysiological characteristics were identified, spermatozoa were further examined for Ca2+ influx induced by progesterone and penetration into viscous media if sufficient sample was available. Full exome sequencing was performed to specifically evaluate potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M α 1 (KCNMA1), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily U member 1 (KCNU1) and leucine-rich repeat containing 52 (LRRC52) genes and others associated with K+ signalling. In IVF patients, comparison with fertilization rates was done to assess the functional significance of the electrophysiological abnormalities. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Patch clamp electrophysiology was used to assess outward (K+) conductance and resting membrane potential (Vm) and signalling/motility assays were used to assess functional characteristics of sperm from IVF and ICSI patient samples. The mean Vm and outward membrane conductance in sperm from IVF and ICSI patients were not significantly different from those of control (donor) sperm prepared under the same conditions, but variation between individuals was significantly greater (P< 0.02) with a large number of outliers (>25%). In particular, in ≈10% of patients (7/81), we observed either a negligible outward conductance (4 patients) or an enhanced inward current (3 patients), both of which caused depolarization of Vm. Analysis of clinical data from the IVF patients showed significant association of depolarized Vm (≥0 mV) with low fertilization rate (P= 0.012). Spermatozoa with electrophysiological abnormities (conductance and Vm) responded normally to progesterone with elevation of [Ca2+]i and penetration of viscous medium, indicating retention of cation channel of sperm (CatSper) channel function. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION For practical, technical, ethical and logistical reasons, we could not obtain sufficient additional semen samples from men with conductance abnormalities to establish the cause of the conductance defects. Full exome sequencing was only available in two men with conductance defects. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data add significantly to the understanding of the role of ion channels in human sperm function and its impact on male fertility. Impaired potassium channel conductance (Gm) and/or Vm regulation is both common and complex in human spermatozoa and importantly is associated with impaired fertilization capacity when the Vm of cells is completely depolarized. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The majority of the data were obtained using funding from MRC project grants (#MR/K013343/1, MR/012492/1). Additional funding was provided by NHS Tayside, TENOVUS, Chief Scientist Office NRS Fellowship and University of Abertay. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Published: 2016

8. 260 Case report of neuroendocrine tumor arising from ovarian teratoma

Author: Severich Torrico, MA, primary, Zanvettor, PH, additional, Oliveira Macedo, R, additional, de Almeida Sousa, T, additional, Amorim Nascimento, MJ, additional, Medeiros Silva, SM, additional, and Falcão, DF, additional
Published: 2019
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9. Versatile Fabrication Approach of Conductive Hydrogels via Copolymerization with Vinyl Monomers

Author: Jiang, L, Gentile, C, Lauto, A, Cui, C, Song, Y, Romeo, T, Silva, SM, Tang, O, Sharma, P, Figtree, G, Gooding, JJ, and Mawad, D
Subjects: Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 03 Chemical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract: Functionalized poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (f-PEDOT) was copolymerized with two vinyl monomers of different hydrophilicity, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, to produce electroconductive hydrogels with a range of physical and electronic properties. These hydrogels not only possessed tailored physical properties, such as swelling ratios and mechanical properties, but also displayed electroactivity dependent on the chemical composition of the network. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the functional PEDOT in the hydrogels is in an oxidized form, most likely accounting for the good electrochemical response of the hydrogels observed in physiological buffer. In vitro cell studies showed that cardiac cells respond differently when seeded on hydrogel substrates with different compositions. This study presents a facile approach for the fabrication of electroconductive hydrogels with a range of properties, paving the way for scaffolds that can meet the requirements of different electroresponsive tissues.
Published: 2017

10. The Impact of the Position of the Redox Label on Charge Transfer and Hybridization Efficiency at DNA Interfaces

Author: Silva, SM, Hoque, S, Gonçales, VR, Gooding, JJ, Silva, SM, Hoque, S, Gonçales, VR, and Gooding, JJ
Abstract: A common electrode construct for electrochemical DNA biosensors consists of tethering a redox-label-modified single stranded DNA to the electrode and comparing the electrochemical response of a redox probe before and after hybridization. Despite the analytical advantages of this construct, contradictory results are found in the literature regarding to the effect of redox-labeling position on the charge transfer process happening at a DNA interface. Herein a contribution to this discussion is made by investigating how a methylene blue redox label placed at different positions along a probe strand of DNA affects the DNA hybridization efficiency. For that, a second redox label, a ferrocene molecule, was attached to the target DNA at a fixed position such that upon hybridization it is positioned at the distal end of the DNA monolayer. The dual label strategy allowed us to explore, for each methylene blue labeling position, how the binding-induced diminution in the methylene blue signaling is associated with the appearance of the ferrocene signaling after hybridization. It was found that the location of the methylene blue redox label in the DNA interface can affect the hybridization efficiency.
Published: 2018

11. Dual Signaling DNA Electrochemistry: An Approach to Understand DNA Interfaces

Author: Silva, SM, Tavallaie, R, Gonçales, VR, Utama, RH, Kashi, MB, Hibbert, DB, Tilley, RD, Gooding, JJ, Silva, SM, Tavallaie, R, Gonçales, VR, Utama, RH, Kashi, MB, Hibbert, DB, Tilley, RD, and Gooding, JJ
Abstract: Electrochemical DNA biosensors composed of a redox marker modified nucleic acid probe tethered to a solid electrode is a common experimental construct for detecting DNA and RNA targets, proteins, inorganic ions, and even small molecules. This class of biosensors generally relies on the binding-induced conformational changes in the distance of the redox marker relative to the electrode surface such that the charge transfer is altered. The conventional design is to attach the redox species to the distal end of a surface-bound nucleic acid strand. Here we show the impact of the position of the redox marker, whether on the distal or proximal end of the DNA monolayer, on the DNA interface electrochemistry. Somewhat unexpectedly, greater currents were obtained when the redox molecules were located on the distal end of the surface-bound DNA monolayer, notionally furthest away from the electrode, compared with currents when the redox species were located on the proximal end, close to the electrode. Our results suggest that a limitation in ion accessibility is the reason why smaller currents were obtained for the redox markers located at the bottom of the DNA monolayer. This understanding shows that to allow the quantification of the amount of redox labeled target DNA strand that hybridizes to probe DNA immobilized on the electrode surface, the redox species must be on the distal end of the surface-bound duplex.
Published: 2018

12. Volumetric capnography for the evaluation of chronic airways diseases

Author: Veronez L, Pereira MC, Doria da Silva SM, Barcaui LA, De Capitani EM, Moreira MM, and Paschoal IA
Subjects: lcsh:RC705-779, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system
Abstract: Liliani de Fátima Veronez,1 Monica Corso Pereira,2 Silvia Maria Doria da Silva,2 Luisa Affi Barcaui,2 Eduardo Mello De Capitani,2 Marcos Mello Moreira,2 Ilma Aparecida Paschoalz2 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Votuporanga (Educational Foundation of Votuporanga), Votuporanga, 2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, BrazilBackground: Obstructive lung diseases of different etiologies present with progressive peripheral airway involvement. The peripheral airways, known as the silent lung zone, are not adequately evaluated with conventional function tests. The principle of gas washout has been used to detect pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity and to estimate the location of the underlying disease process. Volumetric capnography (VC) analyzes the pattern of CO2 elimination as a function of expired volume.Objective: To measure normalized phase 3 slopes with VC in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCB) and in bronchitic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in order to compare the slopes obtained for the groups.Methods: NCB and severe COPD were enrolled sequentially from an outpatient clinic (Hospital of the State University of Campinas). A control group was established for the NCB group, paired by sex and age. All subjects performed spirometry, VC, and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Two comparisons were made: NCB group versus its control group, and NCB group versus COPD group. The project was approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical tests used were Wilcoxon or Student’s t-test; P
Published: 2014

13. Light-activated electrochemistry without surface-bound redox species

Author: Kashi, MB, Silva, SM, Yang, Y, Gonçales, VR, Parker, SG, Barfidokht, A, Ciampi, S, Gooding, JJ, Kashi, MB, Silva, SM, Yang, Y, Gonçales, VR, Parker, SG, Barfidokht, A, Ciampi, S, and Gooding, JJ
Abstract: Semiconducting electrodes that are in depletion, can support appreciable electron transfer only when illuminated. This phenomenon has been implemented on silicon electrodes passivated by a protective organic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to confine electrochemistry to microscale regions on an unstructured electrode surface by shining light only on those regions. This method, referred to as light-activated electrochemistry (LAE), has so far only been studied using electrodes with surface-bound redox mediators that are either covalently or electrostatically attached to a SAM-modified silicon electrode. In the current report, we extend LAE to redox species in solution using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) attached to the SAM-modified silicon electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry showed that faradaic electron transfer to redox species in solution can be switched on/off using light. Furthermore, the modified silicon electrodes were stable to more than 650 redox cycles, even when scanning to anodic potentials, with negligible oxide growth and no noticeable change in the voltammograms. Using a variety of redox species in solution, it was shown that with n−-Si-SAM-AuNP electrodes negligible current was observed in the dark but appreciable faradaic electrochemistry was observed upon illumination. It was also shown that to ensure electron transfer proceeded via the AuNPs only, nonspecific adsorption of the redox species to the monolayer surface needed to be avoided.
Published: 2017

14. Specific loss of CatSper function is sufficient to compromise fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa

Author: Williams, HL, Mansell, S, Alasmari, W, Brown, SG, Wilson, SM, Sutton, KA, Miller, MR, Lishko, PV, Barratt, CLR, Publicover, SJ, and Da Silva, SM
Subjects: Male, Adult, failed fertilization, unexplained infertility, Sperm Count, ion channels, Fertilization in Vitro, sperm dysfunction, electrophysiology, Spermatozoa, Medical and Health Sciences, calcium stores, male fertility, contraception, Studies in Human Society, CatSper, Infertility, Fertilization, Humans, sperm motility, Calcium Channels, Calcium Signaling, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Progesterone
Abstract: © The Author 2015. study question: Are significant abnormalities of CatSper function present in IVF patients with normal sperm concentration and motility and if so what is their functional significance for fertilization success? summaryanswer: Sperm with a near absence of CatSper current failed to respond to activation of CatSper by progesterone and there was fertilization failure at IVF. what is known already: In human spermatozoa,Ca2+influx induced by progesterone is mediated by CatSper, a sperm-specificCa2+ channel.Asuboptimal Ca2+ influx is significantly associated with, and more prevalent in, men with abnormal semen parameters, and is associated with reduced fertilizing capacity. However, abnormalities in CatSper current can only be assessed directly using electrophysiology. There is only one report of a CatSper-deficient man who showed no progesterone potentiated CatSper current. ACatSper 2 genetic abnormality was present but there was no information on the [Ca2+]i response to CatSper activation by progesterone. Additionally, the semen samples had indicating significant abnormalities (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia) multiple suboptimal functional responses in the spermatozoon. As such it cannot be concluded that impaired CatSper function alone causes infertility or that CatSper blockade is a potential safe target for contraception. study design, size, duration: Spermatozoa were obtained from donors and subfertile IVF patients attenDing a hospital assisted reproductive techniques clinic between January 2013 and December 2014. In total 134 IVF patients, 28 normozoospermic donors and 10 patients recalled due to a history of failed/low fertilization at IVF took part in the study. participants/materials, setting, methods: Samples were primarily screened using the Ca2+ influx induced by progesterone and, if cell number was sufficient, samples were also assessed by hyperactivation and penetration into viscous media. A defective Ca2+ response to progesterone was defined using the 99% confidence interval fromthe distribution of response amplitudes in normozoospermic donors. Samples showing a defective Ca2+ response were further examined in order to characterize the potential CatSper abnormalities. In men where there was a consistent and robust failure of calcium signalling, a direct assessment of CatSper function was performed using electrophysiology (patch clamping), and a blood sample was obtained for genetic analysis. main results and the role of chance: Atotal of 101/102 (99%) IVF patients and 22/23 (96%) donors exhibited a normal Ca2+ response. The mean (+SD) normalized peak response did not differ between donors and IVF patients (2.57+0.68 [n 34 ejaculates from 23 different donors] versus 2.66+0.68 [n 102 IVF patients], P 0.63). In recall patients, 9/10 (90%) showed a normal Ca2+ response. Three men were initially identified with a defective Ca2+ influx. However, only one (Patient 1) had a defective response in repeat semen samples. Electrophysiology experiments on sperm from Patient 1 showed a near absence of CatSper current and exon screening demonstrated no mutations in the coDing regions of the CatSper complex. There was no increase in penetration of viscous media when the spermatozoa were stimulated with progesterone and importantly there was failed fertilization at IVF. limitations, reasons for caution: A key limitation relates to working with a specific functional parameter (Ca2+ influx induced by progesterone) in fresh sperm samples from donors and patients that have limited viability. Therefore, for practical, technical and logistical reasons, some men (22% of IVF patients) could not be screened. As such the incidence of significant Ca2+ abnormalities induced by progesterone may be higher than the 1% observed here. Additionally, we used a strict definition of a defective Ca2+ influx such that only substantial abnormalities were selected for further study. Furthermore, electrophysiology was only performed on one patient with a robust and repeatable defective calcium response. This man had negligible CatSper current but more subtle abnormalities (e.g. currents present but significantly smaller) may have been present in men with either normal or below normal Ca2+ influx. wider implications of the findings: These data add significantly to the understanDing of the role of CatSper in human sperm function and its impact on male fertility.Remarkably, these findings provide the first direct evidence that CatSper is a suitable and specific target for human male contraception. study funding/competing interest(s): Initial funDing was fromNHSTayside, Infertility Research Trust,TENOVUS, Chief Scientist Office NRS Fellowship, the Wellcome Trust, University of Abertay. The majority of the data were obtained using funDing from a MRC project grant (# 4190). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. trial registration number: Not applicable.
Published: 2015

15. Comparative Study Between Endorectal Tridimensional Ultrasound and Transvaginal Ultrasound on the Diagnosis of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) with Rectal Involvement

Author: Almeida, RM, primary, Oliveira, PG, additional, Sousa, JB, additional, Correa, FJS, additional, Silva, SM, additional, Garrido, AG, additional, and Murad-Regadas, SM, additional
Published: 2016
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16. How Does Rectal Endometriosis Appears on Tridimensional Endorectal Ultrasound?

Author: Almeida, RM, primary, Oliveira, PG, additional, Sousa, JB, additional, Correa, FJS, additional, Silva, SM, additional, and Murad-Regadas, SM, additional
Published: 2016
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17. Unique Sensing Interface That Allows the Development of an Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Whole Blood

Author: Jiang, C, Alam, MT, Silva, SM, Taufik, S, Fan, S, Gooding, JJ, Jiang, C, Alam, MT, Silva, SM, Taufik, S, Fan, S, and Gooding, JJ
Abstract: Electrochemical affinity biosensors that can operate in whole blood are a rarity because biofouling of electrode surfaces compromises the performance of the final device. The common anti-biofouling layers that can be applied to electrodes, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) layers, form a high impedance layer on the electrode, effectively passivating the electrode. In response to this issue, we have developed effective anti-biofouling chemistry, that employs short chain zwitterionic species, derived from aryl diazonium salts, that give low impedance layers compatible with amperometry. Herein, we demonstrate the application of this surface chemistry to mixed layers of phenyl phosphorylcholine (PPC) and phenyl butyric acid (PBA), to develop immunosensors that can be used in whole blood. The capability of these new modification layers is demonstrated with an immunosensor for detecting tumor necrosis factor α in whole blood. The immunosensor is shown to specifically and precisely detect TNF-α in whole blood samples with a minimum detection limit of 10 pg/mL with a wide linear range of 0.01 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL. The results are comparable with those from commercial ELISA kit, indicating the developed immunosensor has great potential for future clinic use.
Published: 2016

18. In vitro antileishmanial activity of Brazilian plant species

Author: Paula, RC, primary, da Silva, SM, additional, Frezard, F, additional, Faria, KF, additional, Campana, PRV, additional, Silva, AF, additional, Pieters, L, additional, Silva, CG, additional, and Almeida, VL, additional
Published: 2015
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19. Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

Author: Silva, SM., Clozato, CL., Moraes-Barros, N., and Morgante, JS.
Subjects: interação macho-fêmea, male-female interactions, common three-toed sloth, comportamento de reconhecimento, Preguiça-de-três-dedos-comum, recognition behaviour
Abstract: The common three-toed sloth is a widespread species, but the location and the observation of its individuals are greatly hindered by its biological features. Their camouflaged pelage, its slow and quiet movements, and the strictly arboreal habits resulted in the publication of sparse, fragmented and not patterned information on the common sloth behaviour. Thus, herein we propose an updated standardized behavioural categories' framework to the study of the species. Furthermore we describe two never reported interaction behaviours: a probable mating / courtship ritual between male and female; and apparent recognition behaviour between two males. Finally we highlight the contribution of small-duration field works in this elusive species ethological study. A preguiça-de-três-dedos comum é uma espécie amplamente distribuída. No entanto, a biologia da espécie dificulta a sua deteção e observação na natureza. A camuflagem da sua pelagem, seus movimentos lentos e silenciosos e seus hábitos estritamente arbóreos resultaram na publicação de dados comportamentais esparsos, fragmentados e não padronizados. Assim, no presente trabalho propomos uma tabela atualizada e padronizada de comportamentos de preguiça-comum. Além disso, descrevemos dois novos comportamentos de interação para a espécie: um provável evento de corte ou acasalamento entre macho e fêmea e um aparente comportamento de reconhecimento entre dois machos. Finalmente, discutimos a contribuição de trabalhos de campo de curta-duração no estudo etológico desta espécie tão elusiva.
Published: 2013

20. The interaction between students and teachers in times of performativity

Author: Borgnakke, K, Dovemark, M, Silva, SM, Kakos, M, Borgnakke, K, Dovemark, M, Silva, SM, and Kakos, M
Abstract: Scholarly discussions about performativity in education have implied or explicitly suggest that performativity has been imposed upon teachers and educational communities as an external force which ‘alienates who they are’ (Ball, 2003: 215). This chapter presents the findings from a case study of an English secondary school which set out to examine the effects of performativity on the interaction between teachers and students and on the incorporation of democratic, participatory pedagogies which schools have been encouraged to adopt as appropriate for the implementation of the citizenship education curriculum. The findings suggest that the regulatory framework currently monitoring schools’ and teachers’ performance has led to the interaction between students and teachers operating in the shadow of an invisible audience which scripts the objectives and restricts the content of this interaction. This seems to be detrimental for the incorporation of practices and of content which are of high educational value but do not compliment directly the attainment of these objectives. However, I will suggest that the depersonalisation of this interaction which contributes to the alienation of teachers from their role and which is attributed to performativity may be an inherent trait of schooling. Performativity may be what currently occupies the vacuum generated because of this depersonalisation.
Published: 2014

21. Combined results of searches for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

Author: Chatrchyan, S, Khachatryan, V, Sirunyan, AM, Tumasyan, A, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Dragicevic, M, Ero, J, Fabjan, C, Friedl, M, Fruhwirth, R, Meschini, M, Polic, D, Gupta, R, Rompotis, N, Korablev, A, Racz, A, Stadie, H, Juillot, P, Gomber, B, Vila, I, Silverwood, H, Murray, M, Rakness, G, Duric, S, Kleinwort, C, Mohr, N, Palmer, C, Silva, P, Goldenzweig, P, Nash, J, Iorio, AOM, Ceard, L, Perera, L, Martschei, D, Gaddi, A, Snow, GR, Sánchez-Hernández, A, Sanabria, JC, Reithler, H, De, C, Mason, D, Maguire, C, Suarez, J, De, EA, Carlin, R, Bylsma, B, Tsang, KV, Antonelli, L, Sander, C, Khalid, S, Bobrovskyi, S, Sudhakar, K, Troitsky, S, Jindal, M, Stone, R, Joshi, U, Walzel, G, Adair, A, Sharma, V, Pakhotin, Y, Hoorani, HR, Damgov, J, Simon, M, Checchia, P, Ronga, FJ, Kim, DH, Klapoetke, K, Schum, T, Singh, AP, Golutvin, I, Maggi, G, Boutle, S, Sen, N, Petrushanko, S, Pagano, D, Lyons, L, Qian, SJ, Tonjes, MB, Son, DC, Liao, J, Ferguson, W, Wan, Z, Kumar, A, Sphicas, P, Mavrommatis, C, Hoch, M, Jenkins, M, Alcaraz, J, Razis, PA, Weinberg, M, Pozzobon, N, Ma, T, Pozdnyakov, A, Müller, T, Romanowska-Rybinska, K, Dolen, J, Duru, F, Salvati, E, Smith, VJ, Mott, A, De, N, Redaelli, N, Popov, V, Choi, Y, Korytov, A, Dobson, M, Yoon, AS, Grogg, KS, Jiang, CH, Tosi, M, Lanev, A, De, A, Busza, W, Spiga, D, Mohapatra, A, Pollack, B, Low, JF, Cornelis, T, Spiropulu, M, Wolf, R, Stoynev, S, Volkov, A, Markou, C, Van, P, Cuevas, J, Heredia-de La Cruz, I, Moeller, A, Melo, A, Boulahouache, C, Thomas, S, Venturi, A, Herve, A, Pellett, D, Stoye, M, Butler, PH, Musienko, Y, Chuang, SH, Tsirou, A, Jensen, H, Snowball, M, Liu, H, Luyckx, S, Li, W, Gallo, E, Danielson, T, Olaiya, E, Kubik, A, De, G, Wendland, L, Mankel, R, Blumenfeld, B, Jeng, GY, Palmonari, F, Marco, R, Sola, V, Kim, JY, Cihangir, S, De, E, Stoykova, S, Tu, Y, Jessop, C, Grab, C, Colino, N, Holzner, A, Perfilov, M, Kao, SC, Tomalin, IR, Choudhury, RK, Panagiotou, A, Yi, K, Souza, MHG, Giurgiu, G, Ivova, M, Speer, T, Sogut, K, Shreyber, I, Shrestha, S, Bonacorsi, D, Villasenor-Cendejas, LM, Maeshima, K, Kumar, V, Teng, H, Solano, A, Friis, E, Mnich, J, Sparrow, A, Kennedy, BW, Zhang, Z, Weng, J, Gomez-Reino, R, Dissertori, G, Krokhotin, A, Hebbeker, T, Bedjidian, M, Parida, B, Veverka, J, Kirn, M, Bialas, W, Dozen, C, Cutajar, M, Dobrzynski, L, Ille, B, Osipenkov, I, Lagana, C, Marraffino, JM, Meyer, AB, Sillou, D, Osorio, AF, Kong, DJ, Kanishchev, K, Marinho, F, Kropivnitskaya, A, Doesburg, R, Valls, N, Romeo, F, Staiano, A, Zuranski, A, Lomidze, D, Held, H, Bellan, R, Boccali, T, Bourilkov, D, Manzoni, RA, Rovelli, T, Nachtman, J, Tapper, A, Morelos, A, Molnar, J, Iles, G, Rodrigo, T, Titov, M, Waltenberger, W, Lanske, D, Zeinali, M, Schlieckau, E, Rosin, M, Gyun, D, Cremaldi, LM, Chen, GM, Brom, JM, Nürnberg, A, Adzic, P, Focardi, E, Radburn-Smith, BC, Gouskos, L, Krychkine, V, Toback, D, Hoffmann, KH, Vilela, A, Sen, S, Shukla, P, Chang, P, Bocci, A, Yazgan, E, Oberst, O, Kramer, M, Beni, N, Bagliesi, G, Ntomari, E, Weiler, T, Tourneur, S, Vazquez, M, Virdee, T, Strobbe, N, Rose, K, Hos, I, Nägeli, C, Ahmad, M, Karchin, PE, Chen, M, Grundler, U, Martínez-Ortega, J, Jo, M, Chung, YS, Drozdetskiy, A, Snigirev, A, Xu, M, Caebergs, T, Scodellaro, L, Matchev, K, Klute, M, Bilei, GM, Dermenev, A, Khan, WA, Gray, R, Silvestre, C, Sellers, P, Maity, M, Sprenger, D, Wilkinson, R, Prokofyev, O, Dragoiu, C, Veres, GI, Kozhuharov, V, Obertino, MM, Benelli, G, Matos, D, Park, SK, Kalakhety, H, Krofcheck, D, Lu, YJ, Banerjee, S, Sakumoto, W, Hinzmann, A, Bonato, A, Leonidov, A, Tuo, S, Roe, J, Lee, YJ, Katkov, I, Lacroix, F, Weber, HA, Schnetzer, S, Sever, R, Girgis, S, Fabbri, F, Autermann, C, Lohmann, W, Kazana, M, O'Dell, V, Womersley, WJ, Temple, J, Kotlinski, D, Letts, J, De, J, Marone, M, Godinovic, N, Plager, C, Schmitt, M, Topakli, H, Klein, B, Mulders, M, Heath, GP, Fulcher, J, Dominik, W, Spanier, S, Khalil, S, Seo, H, Giunta, M, Sudano, E, Hagopian, S, Horisberger, R, Chang, YH, Vlasov, E, Brown, RM, Moroni, L, Gilmore, J, Reucroft, S, Keller, J, Agram, JL, Alverson, G, Rohe, T, Garcia, G, Hugon, J, Meng, X, Lassila-Perini, K, Yilmaz, Y, Jeitler, M, Fouz, MC, Steinbrück, G, Dutta, V, Gamsizkan, H, Saka, H, Lehti, S, Sakharov, A, Rahbaran, B, Fabozzi, F, Sanders, DA, Pivarski, J, Uzun, D, Ryan, MJ, Eggert, N, Belyaev, A, Barney, D, Saha, A, Wakefield, S, De, B, Mishra, K, Ribeiro, PQ, Nourbakhsh, S, Kadastik, M, Nessi-Tedaldi, F, Schettler, H, Naimuddin, M, Marienfeld, M, Zhukova, V, Pierro, GA, Rizzi, A, Bakken, JA, Messineo, A, Kim, JH, Siroli, G, Chang, S, Acosta, JG, Baffioni, S, Timciuc, V, Wardle, N, Kravchenko, I, Cutts, D, Mignerey, AC, Spagnolo, P, Hegner, B, Rossi, AM, Burkett, K, Kluge, H, Sill, A, Langenegger, U, Katsas, P, Ryutin, R, Grothe, M, Wardrope, D, Harris, P, Dierlamm, A, Dorigo, T, Palichik, V, Zhu, B, Organtini, G, Kypreos, T, Eno, SC, Rappoccio, S, Bilinskas, MJ, Adiguzel, A, Eugster, J, Cuplov, V, Bainbridge, R, Draeger, J, Massironi, A, Dias, FA, Gonzalez, I, Whyntie, T, Leonard, J, Ecklund, KM, Kodolova, O, Bilmis, S, Migliore, E, Garcia-Abia, P, de, JF, Gouzevitch, M, Beaudette, F, Remington, R, Barrett, M, Sala, L, De, M, Kreczko, L, Frosali, S, Chen, J, Ruiz-Jimeno, A, Dremin, I, Ferguson, T, Ott, J, Lomtadze, T, Finger, M, Bochenek, J, Vichoudis, P, Meneghelli, M, Paus, C, Bai, Y, Velasco, M, Surat, UE, Brigljevic, V, Neu, C, Kim, H, Fanzago, F, Lutz, B, Cerizza, G, Vuosalo, C, Assran, Y, Casimiro, E, Da, EM, Selvaggi, M, Krasnikov, N, Raupach, F, Etesami, SM, Schwarz, T, Ralph, D, Wang, M, Kang, S, McCliment, E, Folgueras, S, Hooberman, B, Lusito, L, Ziebarth, EB, Veszpremi, V, Rogan, C, Pacifico, N, Kozlov, G, Menichelli, M, Branca, A, Sanchez, AK, Azzolini, V, Correa, M, Baur, U, Palinkas, J, Grassi, M, Wrochna, G, Panwalkar, S, Tourtchanovitch, L, Atac, M, Gobbo, B, Kotov, K, Olschewski, M, Ghezzi, A, Serban, AT, Sibille, J, Lamichhane, P, Velicanu, D, Doroba, K, Lebourgeois, M, Musich, M, Vergili, LN, Longo, E, Martelli, A, Seo, E, Erbacher, R, Hansen, M, Della, G, Fanfani, A, Monaco, V, Sexton-Kennedy, E, Sharma, S, Spalding, WJ, Starodumov, A, Beranek, S, Kalavase, P, Houtz, R, Barfuss, AF, Karapinar, G, Höing, RS, Krucker, D, Geurts, FJM, Pi, H, Hsiung, Y, Takahashi, M, Andrea, J, Bodek, A, Merlo, J-P, Arora, S, Chadwick, M, Auzinger, G, Fernandez, J, Montanari, A, Ciesielski, R, Hammad, GH, Elliott-Peisert, A, Guneratne, A, Polatoz, A, Kurca, T, Kurt, P, Contreras-Campana, C, Ivanov, A, Conte, E, Gokieli, R, Abbrescia, M, Zanetti, M, Everett, A, Roh, Y, Symonds, P, Deiters, K, Loveless, R, Cimmino, A, Nikitenko, A, Luthra, A, Lincoln, D, Urscheler, C, Sakuma, T, Bakirci, MN, Cerati, GB, Bargassa, P, Karim, M, Sawley, M-C, Carlsmith, D, Gaz, A, Rossato, K, Bergholz, M, Piedra, J, Klimkovich, T, Hreus, T, Tenchini, R, Florez, C, Jarvis, C, Feld, L, Zhu, RY, Pela, J, Incandela, J, Battilana, C, Margoni, M, Coughlan, JA, Pedrini, D, Yalvac, M, Bolla, G, Berryhill, J, Sperka, D, Arfaei, H, Sanders, S, De, D, Chen, Z, Alves, GA, Alda Junior, WL, Lae, CK, Wang, J, Vlimant, JR, Pierini, M, Gilbert, A, Marlow, D, Zang, SL, Gao, Y, Akin, IV, Sammet, J, Liko, D, Barone, L, Mekterovic, D, Ball, AH, Wright, D, Yang, ZC, Rodozov, M, Fantasia, C, Macneill, I, Alexander, J, Thompson, J, Josa, MI, Zhukov, V, Vinogradov, A, Gokbulut, G, Sznajder, A, Sikler, F, Redjimi, R, Dimitrov, A, Ferapontov, A, Paramesvaran, S, Kousouris, K, Gotra, Y, Hegeman, J, Dirkes, G, Mercadante, PG, Walsh, S, Lu, Y, Lungu, G, Sultanov, G, Valdata, M, Villella, I, Newman, HB, Kinnunen, R, Feindt, M, Marfin, I, Bontenackels, M, Lei, YJ, Lloret, L, Nappi, A, Custodio, A, Bortoletto, D, Bornheim, A, Newman-Holmes, C, Malik, S, du Pree, T, Teo, WD, Azzurri, P, Szleper, M, Hollar, J, Perloff, A, Spiegel, L, D'Hondt, J, Ramirez, JE, Grimes, M, Polese, G, Ribeiro, PM, Lander, R, Lucaroni, A, Salazar, HA, Buontempo, S, Tuuva, T, Dutta, D, Benvenuti, AC, Hormann, N, Kaschube, K, Mannelli, M, Hildreth, M, Mäki, T, De, S, Kirakosyan, M, Freudenreich, K, Mäenpää, T, Zito, G, Daskalakis, G, Arisaka, K, Yang, M, Tan, P, Anjos, TS, Rinkevicius, A, Maes, T, Meijers, F, Moortgat, F, Azarkin, M, D'Enterria, D, Morse, DM, Malvezzi, S, Huang, XT, Flugge, G, Sulak, L, Gennai, S, Quan, X, Stein, M, Taylor, L, Worm, SD, Goerlach, U, Fiori, F, Marco, J, Harder, K, Stahl, A, Rougny, R, Quertenmont, L, Vishnevskiy, D, Mossolov, V, Hall-Wilton, R, Bartalini, P, Favart, D, Barge, D, Calderon, M, Miné, P, Bhat, PC, Mohammadi, M, Nespolo, M, Goy, S, Beretvas, A, Kargoll, B, Tkaczyk, S, Creanza, D, Gebbert, U, Mironov, C, Uplegger, L, Ma, Y, Wöhri, HK, Odorici, F, Bian, JG, Tschudi, Y, Kailas, S, Geralis, T, Maes, M, Vaandering, EW, Searle, M, Denegri, D, Chatterjee, A, Troshin, S, Lobelle, P, Somalwar, S, Cavallo, FR, Kenny Iii, RP, Diez, C, Haupt, J, Micheli, F, Lenzi, P, Jussen, R, Seitz, C, Teodorescu, L, Markina, A, Antunovic, Z, Wickens, J, Akchurin, N, 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Lazzizzera, I, Killewald, P, Yohay, R, Ryckbosch, D, Chen, KF, Botta, C, Goldberg, S, Pimiä, M, Naumann-Emme, S, Fernandez, C, Banzuzi, K, Gibbons, LK, Choudhary, BC, Slaunwhite, J, Dudero, PR, Avdeeva, E, Petridis, K, Strom, D, Gomez, JA, Salfeld-Nebgen, J, Eartly, DP, Apollinari, G, Tiko, A, Cure, B, Müntel, M, Anagnostou, G, Dero, V, Gele, D, Karapostoli, G, Boutemeur, M, Acosta, D, Baarmand, MM, Khurana, R, Krpic, D, Cartiglia, N, Schmidt, R, Song, S, Jang, DW, Czellar, S, Fassi, F, Charaf, O, Guo, Y, Gray, L, Funk, W, Pastika, N, Perez, E, Geffert, P, Aranyi, A, Kubota, Y, Meschi, E, Patterson, JR, Castello, R, Busson, P, Wood, JS, Conway, J, Berry, E, Piperov, S, Erfle, J, To, W, Winn, D, Korpela, A, Martinez, P, Ignatenko, M, Basso, L, Deniz, M, Dietz-Laursonn, E, Mucibello, L, Capiluppi, P, Bhatnagar, V, John, J, Vitulo, P, Hu, G, Mucia, N, Beliy, N, Riccardi, C, Mirman, N, Kovalskyi, D, Costa, M, Grachov, O, Biselli, A, Lazic, D, Demaria, N, Gonzi, S, Broutin, C, Cali, IA, Cavallo, N, Olbrechts, A, Tucker, J, Varelas, N, Avery, P, Gleyzer, SV, Peruzzi, M, Graziano, A, Rose, A, Azzi, P, Marinov, A, Gregores, EM, Genchev, V, Robmann, P, Marionneau, M, Smirnov, V, Gregoire, G, Delgado, A, Zatserklyaniy, A, Hektor, A, Long, OR, Otiougova, P, Heinrich, M, Loukas, D, Gonzalez, R, Christiansen, T, Shipkowski, SP, Petrakou, E, Bauerdick, LAT, Chung, J, Musenich, R, Yu, SS, Iiyama, Y, Golovtsov, V, Gascon, S, Tcholakov, V, Kroeger, R, Sturdy, J, Park, IC, Deisher, A, Khurshid, T, Sfiligoi, I, Schmitz, SA, Ershov, A, Luo, W, Manolakos, I, Gritsan, AV, Belknap, D, Rovere, M, Berry, D, Choi, M, Taroni, S, Montanino, D, Braibant-Giacomelli, S, Goulianos, K, Viret, S, Ocalan, K, Yoo, J, Karavakis, E, Hammer, J, Parashar, N, Gershtein, Y, Ekmedzic, M, Mikulec, I, Bachtis, M, Militaru, O, Ruchti, R, Walsh, R, Plestina, R, Padula, SS, Bhattacharya, S, Cheung, HWK, Schröder, M, Markou, A, Patel, R, Tuominen, E, Thomsen, J, Reid, ID, Knutsson, A, Nowack, A, Valuev, V, Sakulin, H, Coarasa, JA, Bodin, D, Orsini, L, Baden, A, Nuttens, C, Munoz, FJ, Eerola, P, Efron, J, Hidas, P, Dinardo, ME, Anastassov, A, Demina, R, Borras, K, Zarubin, A, Daci, N, Ciulli, V, Apanasevich, L, Tuominiemi, J, Schul, N, Giordano, F, Lethuillier, M, Grigelionis, I, Besancon, M, Harr, R, Bloch, D, Van, H, Charlot, C, Rosowsky, A, Santanastasio, F, Schäfer, C, Schwick, C, Rodriguez, JL, Onel, Y, Lokhtin, I, Lopez-Fernandez, R, Ahuja, S, Kapusi, A, Field, RD, Perrotta, A, Won, S, Tambe, N, Rohlf, J, Rossin, R, Sulimov, V, Pompili, A, Sarkar, S, Zakaria, M, Jabeen, S, Tosi, S, York, A, Ozpineci, A, Rutherford, B, Mariotti, C, Chasco, M, Zeise, M, Golf, F, Kalogeropoulos, A, Ko, W, Van, W, Lee, S, Shumeiko, N, Dell'Orso, R, Nguyen, H, Travaglini, R, Albayrak, EA, Stuart, D, Schöfbeck, R, Sim, KS, Askew, A, Zaganidis, N, Flossdorf, A, Klabbers, P, Mattson, M, Seez, C, Malberti, M, Flowers, K, Sacchi, R, Kossov, M, Cushman, P, Mertzimekis, TJ, Wehrli, L, Abdullin, S, Gomez, B, Verdini, PG, Seixas, J, Moser, R, Pant, LM, Haas, J, Pieri, M, Kohli, JM, Lu, R-S, Janulis, M, Dallavalle, GM, Moisenz, P, Kuznetsova, E, Prosper, H, Dutta, S, Agostino, L, Soares, MS, Ryd, A, Rudolph, M, Carrera, E, Ofierzynski, RA, Werner, JS, Traczyk, P, Bolton, T, Thomas, L, Harkonen, J, Mccoll, N, Krolikowski, J, Wetzel, J, Cerrada, M, Mussgiller, A, Bitioukov, S, Gribushin, A, Brona, G, Golubev, N, Metson, S, Pavlov, B, Perrozzi, L, Pol, ME, Benaglia, A, Rogerson, S, Di, S, Bianchi, G, Laird, E, Ro, SR, Rohringer, C, Anderson, M, Padhi, S, Shepherd-Themistocleous, CH, Hackstein, C, Szillasi, Z, Perchalla, L, Evangelou, I, Maruyama, S, Guler, AM, Segoni, I, Grishin, V, Renker, D, Honc, S, D'Agnolo, RT, Linn, A, Ball, G, Vizan, JM, Hartl, C, Wood, J, D'Alessandro, R, Maksimovic, P, Lampen, T, Schoerner-Sadenius, T, Calabria, C, Marinelli, N, Lawson, P, Vartak, A, Andrews, W, Nishu, N, Reyes-Santos, MA, Nam, SK, Ivanov, Y, Calderon, A, Abbaneo, D, Dogangun, O, Siegrist, P, Bean, A, Tyurin, N, Marcellini, S, Kalinowski, A, Wagner-Kuhr, J, Carrillo, CA, Ferencek, D, Kirsanov, M, Choi, S, Pordes, R, Vischia, P, Burgmeier, A, Breto, G, Gozzelino, A, Yildirim, E, Elmer, P, Iaydjiev, P, Maselli, S, Hoehle, F, West, C, Nelson, R, Albrow, M, Gorski, M, Kovac, M, Spiridonov, A, Milstène, C, Djordjevic, M, Gottschalk, E, Gerbaudo, D, Ranjan, K, Summers, D, Rumerio, P, Silvestris, L, Hollingsworth, M, Apresyan, A, and CMS Collaboration
Abstract: Combined results are reported from searches for the standard model Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV in five Higgs boson decay modes: gamma pair, b-quark pair, tau lepton pair, W pair, and Z pair. The explored Higgs boson mass range is 110-600 GeV. The analysed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6-4.8 inverse femtobarns. The expected excluded mass range in the absence of the standard model Higgs boson is 118-543 GeV at 95% CL. The observed results exclude the standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 127-600 GeV at 95% CL, and in the mass range 129-525 GeV at 99% CL. An excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed at the low end of the explored mass range making the observed limits weaker than expected in the absence of a signal. The largest excess, with a local significance of 3.1 sigma, is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-600 (110-145) GeV is estimated to be 1.5 sigma (2.1 sigma). More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess., This is the Pre-print version of the Article - Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier, This work is supported from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).
Published: 2012

22. Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

Author: Silva, SM., primary, Clozato, CL., additional, Moraes-Barros, N., additional, and Morgante, JS., additional
Published: 2013
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23. Mitochondrial targeting for photochemotherapy. Can selective tumor cell killing be predicted based onn-octanol/water distribution coefficients?

Author: Belostotsky, I, primary, da Silva, SM, additional, Paez, MG, additional, and Indig, GL, additional
Published: 2010
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24. Mitochondrial targeting for photochemotherapy. Can selective tumor cell killing be predicted based on n-octanol/water distribution coefficients?

Author: Belostotsky, I, da Silva, SM, Paez, MG, and Indig, GL
Subjects: *PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY, *MITOCHONDRIA, *BASIC dyes, *RHODAMINE B, *FLUORESCENCE microscopy
Abstract: The concept of mitochondrial targeting for chemo- and photochemotherapy of neoplastic diseases has its origin in the observation that enhanced mitochondrial transmembrane potential is a common tumor cell phenotype. As a result of this enhanced transmembrane potential, a number of cationic dyes accumulate in larger amounts and are retained for longer periods in the mitochondria of tumor cells than in normal cells. Only a relatively small number of (photo)toxic dyes known to localize in energized cell mitochondria are capable of inducing the destruction of tumor cells with desirable degrees of selectivity, however. We investigated how lipophilic character may affect the degree of specificity with which cationic dyes localize in energized cell mitochondria and how mitochondrial specificity may affect tumor cell selectivity. To this end, we used fluorescence microscopy to characterize the subcellular localization of ethyl violet and seven analogs of the prototypical mitochondria-specific dye, rhodamine 123. All cationic rhodamines studied here (−0.62 < log Dow < 1.60, where Dow represents the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient) were found to show considerable mitochondrial specificity, while the more lipophilic ethyl violet ( log Dow == 2.37) did not. Ethyl violet was found to localize not only in mitochondria, but also in lysosomes. We also compared the degree of selective tumor cell killing induced by ethyl violet and two phototoxic rhodamines, i.e., the dibromo derivatives of rhodamine 123 and its n-octyl ester analog. While ethyl violet induces the destruction of human uterine sarcoma (MES-SA) cells and normal green monkey kidney cells (CV-1) with comparable efficiency, the mitochondria-specific dibromorhodamines were found to induce the destruction of MES-SA cells with considerable selectivity. Our findings are consistent with the premise that mitochondrial localization per se does not provide successful selective tumor cell killing using mitochondrial targeting. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that while most cationic dyes can be expected to localize at least to some extent in energized cell mitochondria, only those showing virtually absolute mitochondrial specificity can actually mediate the destruction of tumor cells with desirable selectivity. These findings also support the hypothesis that the probability of success of mitochondrial targeting in photochemotherapy of neoplastic diseases is bound to be higher when the Dow associated with the drug candidate falls within approximately two orders of magnitude of that of rhodamine 123. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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25. Evaluation of the microleakage of restorative materials in deciduous teeth

Author: Carrara Ce, Ruy Cesar Camargo Abdo, and da Silva Sm
Subjects: Dental restoration^i1^sperman, Materials science, Dental restoration, Dentistry, Dental leakage, lcsh:Medicine, Tooth^i1^sdecidu, Deciduous teeth, medicine, tooth, dental restoration, business.industry, lcsh:R, Marginal leakage, DOAJ:Dentistry, BASIC FUCHSIN, Infiltração dentária, dental leakage, lcsh:RK1-715, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dente decíduo, lcsh:Dentistry, Adhesive, business, DOAJ:Health Sciences, Restauração dentária permanente, Tooth
Abstract: Analisou-se a infiltração marginal nas paredes cervical e oclusal de cavidades classe V, preparadas na face vestibular de 40 caninos decíduos extraídos e restauradas com os materiais Chelon-Fil, Vitremer, Compoglass-F e Z100. Compararam-se ainda dois métodos de avaliação da penetração do corante no teste de infiltração: escore e medida linear até a parede da câmara pulpar. Os espécimes passaram por ciclagem térmica de 500 ciclos nas temperaturas de 5 e 55ºC, foram imersos em solução de fucsina básica a 0,5% por 24 horas e seccionados para visualização da infiltração marginal nas paredes cervical e oclusal. Observou-se que o Chelon-Fil apresentou maior grau de infiltração que os demais materiais. Vitremer, Compoglass-F e Z100 apresentaram infiltração semelhante. O Chelon-Fil e o Vitremer apresentaram infiltração maior na parede cervical que na oclusal, fenômeno este que não ocorreu com o Compoglass-F e a Z100, que apresentaram infiltração semelhante em ambas as paredes. Não houve diferença entre os métodos de avaliação da penetração do corante (p < 0,01). The microleakage of Chelon-Fil, Vitremer, Compoglass-F and Z100 was evaluated in deciduous teeth. Class V restorations were placed in the buccal aspect of 40 extracted primary canines; they were thermocycled, and immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin. Three slices of each tooth were obtained in order to analyze the penetration of dye in the gingival and occlusal walls, under magnification of 40 X. The results showed that Chelon-Fil had the highest degree of marginal leakage. Vitremer, Compoglass-F and Z100 presented similar penetration of dye. The microleakage of Chelon-Fil and Vitremer was greater in the gingival wall than in the occlusal wall. Microleakage was the same in both gingival and occlusal walls when cavities were filled, either with Z100 or with Compoglass-F.

26. On laparoscopic photoplethysmography and pulse oximetry.

Author: López-Silva SM, Dotor ML, Giannetti R, López-Silva, S M, Dotor, M L, and Giannetti, R
Abstract: Here we comment on the paper entitled "A novel laparoscopic pulse oximeter device. An easy, efficient and cost-effective way of detecting arterial structures." authored by Theodosopoulos et al., and recently published in the April issue of the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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27. Transmission potential, skin inflammatory response, and parasitism of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Author: Goto H, de Carvalho SM, Silva SMMS, Mendonça IL, Lemos CM, Verçosa BLA, and Costa FAL
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and it is transmitted by sandfly of the genus Lutzomyia. Dogs are an important domestic reservoir, and control of the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) to humans includes the elimination of infected dogs. However, though dogs are considered to be an important element in the transmission cycle of Leishmania, the identification of infected dogs representing an immediate risk for transmission has not been properly evaluated. Since it is not possible to treat infected dogs, they are sacrificed when a diagnosis of VL is established, a measure that is difficult to accomplish in highly endemic areas. In such areas, parameters that allow for easy identification of reservoirs that represents an immediate risk for transmission is of great importance for the control of VL transmission. In this study we aimed to identify clinical parameters, reinforced by pathological parameters that characterize dogs with potential to transmit the parasite to the vector. Results The major clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from an endemic area were onicogriphosis, skin lesions, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and weight loss. The transmission potential of these dogs was assessed by xenodiagnosis using Lutzomyia longipalpis. Six of nine symptomatic dogs were infective to Lutzomyia longipalpis while none of the five asymptomatic dogs were infective to the sandfly. Leishmania amastigotes were present in the skin of all clinically symptomatic dogs, but absent in asymptomatic dogs. Higher parasite loads were observed in the ear and ungueal region, and lower in abdomen. The inflammatory infiltrate was more intense in the ears and ungueal regions of both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. In clinically affected dogs in which few or none Leishmania amastigotes were observed, the inflammatory infiltrate was constituted mainly of lymphocytes and macrophages. When many parasites were present, the infiltrate was also comprised of lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as a larger quantity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Conclusion Dogs that represent an immediate risk for transmission of Leishmania in endemic areas present clinical manifestations that include onicogriphosis, skin lesions, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and weight loss. Lymphadenopathy in particular was a positive clinical hallmark since it was closely related to the positive xenodiagnosis.
Published: 2008
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28. T cells, adhesion molecules and modulation of apoptosis in visceral leishmaniasis glomerulonephritis.

Author: Costa FA, Prianti MG, Silva TC, Silva SM, Guerra JL, Goto H, Costa, Francisco A L, Prianti, Maria G, Silva, Teresa C, Silva, Silvana M M S, Guerra, José L, and Goto, Hiro
Abstract: Background: Immune complex deposition is the accepted mechanism of pathogenesis of VL glomerulopathy however other immune elements may participate. Further in the present study, no difference was seen between immunoglobulin and C3b deposit intensity in glomeruli between infected and non-infected dogs thus T cells, adhesion molecules and parameters of proliferation and apoptosis were analysed in dogs with naturally acquired VL from an endemic area. The dog is the most important domestic reservoir of the protozoa Leishmania (L.) chagasi that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The similarity of VL manifestation in humans and dogs renders the study of canine VL nephropathy of interest with regard to human pathology.Methods: From 55 dogs with VL and 8 control non-infected dogs from an endemic area, kidney samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin and C3b deposits, staining for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, ICAM-1, P-selectin and quantified using morphometry. Besides proliferation marker Ki-67, apoptosis markers M30 and TUNEL staining, and related cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha were searched and quantified.Results: We observed similar IgG, IgM and IgA and C3b deposit intensity in dogs with VL and non-infected control dogs. However we detected the Leishmania antigen in cells in glomeruli in 54, CD4+ T cells in the glomeruli of 44, and CD8+ T cells in 17 of a total of 55 dogs with VL. Leishmania antigen was absent and T cells were absent/scarse in eight non-infected control dogs. CD 4+ T cells predominate in proliferative patterns of glomerulonephritis, however the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were not different in intensity in different patterns of glomerulonephritis. The expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin was significantly greater in the glomeruli of infected dogs than in control dogs. In all patterns of glomerulonephritis the expression of ICAM-1 ranged from minimum to moderately severe and P-selectin from absent to severe. In the control animals the expression of these molecules ranged from absent to medium intensity. It was not observed any correlation between severity of the disease and these markers. There was a correlation between the number of Leishmania antigen positive cells and CD4+ T cells, and between the number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. In dogs presenting different histopathological patterns of glomerulonephritis, parameters of proliferation and apoptosis were studied. Ki-67, a proliferative marker, was not detected locally, but fewer apoptotic cells and lower TNF-alpha expression were seen in infected animals than in non-infected controls.Conclusion: Immunopathogenic mechanisms of VL glomerulonephritis are complex and data in the present study suggest no clear participation of immunoglobulin and C3b deposits in these dogs but the possible migration of CD4+ T cells into the glomeruli, participation of adhesion molecules, and diminished apoptosis of cells contributing to determine the proliferative pattern of glomerulonephritis in VL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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29. Persistent PORT-A-CATH((R))-Related Fistula and Fibrosis in a Breast Cancer Patient Successfully Treated With Local Ozone Application.

Author: Clavo B, Santana-Rodriguez N, López-Silva SM, Dominguez E, Mori M, Gutierrez D, Hernandez MA, and Robaina F
Published: 2012

30. Surgical removal of an oral pyogenic granuloma and subsequent root coverage with a pedicle graft.

Author: Oliveira TM, Greghi SL, Taveria LA, Santos CF, Machado MA, and Silva SM
Published: 2008

31. Oral management of a child with mixed dentition affected by amelogenesis imperfecta.

Author: Moretti AB, Sakai VT, Oliveira TM, Fujiwara SH, Santos CF, Machado MA, and Silva SM
Published: 2007

32. Validation of tele-assessment of disability and health after stroke using WHODAS 2.0 through video call in a middle-income country.

Author: Cardoso da Silva A, Cordeiro de Oliveira L, Martins Dos Santos H, Caldeira Monteiro B, Santos Pereira G, Sulyvan de Castro S, and Silva SM
Abstract: Background: The validity, reliability, and accuracy of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) for face-to-face assessment in the stroke population are well established. However, the validity and reliability of WHODAS 2.0 through tele-assessment remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability, agreement, internal consistency, criterion and discriminant validity of WHODAS 2.0 when administered through video calls., Methods: A longitudinal methodological study included fifty individuals with chronic stroke. Both in-person and video call assessments were conducted, and their sequence was randomized. The reliability was determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1). Measurement errors were assessed using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α. Criterion validity was determined by conducting Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis between in-person and video call assessments. Discriminant validity was examined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to distinguish disability levels, with the Modified Rankin Scale as the reference standard., Results: The participants had a mean age of 56.10 ± 10.8 years, with an equal distribution of genders. Adequate reliability was observed between the two methods (ICC2,1 = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79-0.93; p < 0.001), and internal consistency was also adequate (Cronbach's α = 0.88). The criterion validity revealed a strong correlation ( r = 0.78; p < 0.001). Discriminant validity demonstrated satisfactory accuracy in distinguishing disability levels via video call (AUC = 0.67; p = 0.04)., Discussion: This study offers evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the WHODAS 2.0 assessment through video call. Teleassessment using WHODAS 2.0 proves suitable for individuals who have had a stroke, enabling remote evaluation and care.
Published: 2024
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33. Assessing Participation in Stroke Survivors: Psychometric Properties of the Participation Measurement Scale (PM-Scale) Brazil.

Author: Pereira GS, Corrêa FI, Dos Santos HM, De Amorim VHA, Thonnard JL, Kossi O, Corrêa JCF, and Silva SM
Abstract: Initial evidence supports the reliability of the Participation Measurement Scale (PM-Scale) in Brazil, but further exploration of its psychometric properties is needed for Brazilian stroke survivors. The aim of the study is to analyze the reliability, convergent validity, internal consistency, and accuracy of the PM-Scale Brazil. A methodological study involved three assessments over intervals of 7-14 days. Reliability was evaluated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient to evaluate the alignment of the PM-Scale Brazil with the SATIS-Stroke. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach's α. Accuracy was estimated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The study involved 110 stroke survivors, revealing adequate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. A significant weak correlation was observed between the PM-Scale and SATIS-Stroke. Internal consistency and accuracy were adequate. The PM-Scale Brazil demonstrates good reliability, internal consistency, and sensitivity. However, its weak correlation with SATIS-Stroke suggests limited convergent validity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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34. The CryoEM structure of human serum albumin in complex with ligands.

Author: Catalano C, Lucier KW, To D, Senko S, Tran NL, Farwell AC, Silva SM, Dip PV, Poweleit N, and Scapin G
Subjects: Humans, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Cryoelectron Microscopy methods, Serum Albumin, Human chemistry
Abstract: Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most prevalent plasma protein in the human body, accounting for 60 % of the total plasma protein. HSA plays a major pharmacokinetic function, serving as a facilitator in the distribution of endobiotics and xenobiotics within the organism. In this paper we report the cryoEM structures of HSA in the apo form and in complex with two ligands (salicylic acid and teniposide) at a resolution of 3.5, 3.7 and 3.4 Å, respectively. We expand upon previously published work and further demonstrate that sub-4 Å maps of ∼60 kDa proteins can be routinely obtained using a 200 kV microscope, employing standard workflows. Most importantly, these maps allowed for the identification of small molecule ligands, emphasizing the practical applicability of this methodology and providing a starting point for subsequent computational modeling and in silico optimization., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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35. Confronting the Legacy of Eugenics and Ableism: Towards Anti-Ableist Bioscience Education.

Author: Da Silva SM and Hubbard K
Subjects: Humans, Disabled Persons education, Students, Curriculum, Biological Science Disciplines education, Disability Discrimination, Eugenics
Abstract: Society and education are inherently ableist. Disabled people are routinely excluded from education, or have poorer outcomes within educational systems. Improving educational experiences and outcomes for people of color has required educators to design antiracist curricula that explicitly address racial inequality. Here, we explore parallel antiableist approaches to bioscience education in an essay coauthored by a disabled bioscience student and able-bodied faculty member in bioscience. Our work is underpinned by Critical Disability Theory and draws on disability and pedagogical scholarship as well as our own experiences. The biosciences has a unique need to confront its history in the discredited pseudoscience of eugenics, which has led to discrimination and human rights abuses against disabled people. We provide a brief history of the relationship between biological sciences research and eugenics and explore how this legacy impacts bioscience education today. We then present a recommended structure for antiableist biology education. Our approach goes beyond providing disability access, to a model that educates all students about disability issues and empowers them to challenge ableist narratives and practices.
Published: 2024
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36. A Longitudinal Study of the Use and Effects of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs in Residential Aged Care.

Author: Wabe N, Huang G, Silva SM, Nguyen AD, Seaman K, Raban MZ, Gates P, Day R, Close JCT, Lord SR, and Westbrook JI
Subjects: Humans, Male, Longitudinal Studies, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Retrospective Studies, Homes for the Aged statistics & numerical data, Australia epidemiology, Cardiovascular Agents adverse effects, Cardiovascular Agents therapeutic use, Nursing Homes statistics & numerical data, Accidental Falls statistics & numerical data, Psychotropic Drugs adverse effects
Abstract: Objectives: Fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs)-psychotropics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) drugs-may elevate the risk of falling, with strong evidence observed in psychotropic FRIDs, whereas findings from cardiovascular disease (CVD) FRIDs remain inconclusive. Existing studies on FRIDs and falls are often hampered by methodologic limitations. Leveraging longitudinal observational data, we aimed to determine the long-term patterns of FRID use and their association with falls in residential aged care (RAC) homes., Design: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study., Setting and Participants: A total of 4207 permanent residents newly admitted to 27 RAC homes in Sydney, Australia., Method: The outcomes were incidence of all and injurious falls. We measured exposure to each FRID over 60 months using the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) metric. We used group-based multitrajectory modeling to determine concurrent usage patterns of psychotropics and CVD FRIDs and applied negative binomial regression to assess their associations with the outcomes., Results: A total of 83.6% (n = 3516) and 77.3% (n = 3254) residents used psychotropic and CVD FRIDs, respectively. The PDC values ranged from 67.3% (opioids) to 86.9% (antidepressants) for specific psychotropics and 79.0% (α-adrenoceptor antagonists) to 89.6% (β blockers) for CVD FRIDs. We identified 4 groups: group 1, low psychotropics-low CVDs use (16.7%, n = 701); group 2, low psychotropics-high CVDs (25.0%, n = 1054); group 3, high psychotropics-high CVDs (41.0%, n = 1723); and group 4, high psychotropics-low CVDs (17.3%, n = 729). Group 4 had a significantly higher rate of falls than the other groups for both outcomes, including relative to group 3, in which exposure to both FRID classes was high., Conclusions and Implications: Our findings reveal concerningly high FRID use in RAC homes and highlight a critical difference in the impact of the 2 major FRID classes on falls. Psychotropics were strongly associated with falls, whereas the studied CVD FRIDs did not elevate risk of falling., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Wired for Success: Probing the Effect of Tissue-Engineered Neural Interface Substrates on Cell Viability.

Author: Nascimento ATD, Mendes AX, Duchi S, Duc D, Aguilar LC, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Nisbet DR, Stoddart PR, Silva SM, and Moulton SE
Subjects: Animals, PC12 Cells, Rats, Gold chemistry, Gold pharmacology, Graphite chemistry, Graphite pharmacology, Platinum chemistry, Electric Stimulation, Nanotubes chemistry, Cell Proliferation, Tissue Engineering methods, Cell Survival, Tin Compounds chemistry, Tin Compounds pharmacology, Hydrogels chemistry, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Neurons physiology, Neurons cytology
Abstract: This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of GelMA-based hydrogels and their interactions with PC12 neural cells under electrical stimulation in the presence of conducting substrates. Focusing on indium tin oxide (ITO), platinum, and gold mylar substrates supporting conductive scaffolds composed of hydrogel, graphene oxide, and gold nanorods, we explored how the substrate materials affect scaffold conductivity and cell viability. We examined the impact of an optimized electrical stimulation protocol on the PC12 cell viability. According to our findings, substrate selection significantly influences conductive hydrogel behavior, affecting cell viability and proliferation as a result. In particular, the ITO substrates were found to provide the best support for cell viability with an average of at least three times higher metabolic activity compared to platinum and gold mylar substrates over a 7 day stimulation period. The study offers new insights into substrate selection as a platform for neural cell stimulation and underscores the critical role of substrate materials in optimizing the efficacy of neural interfaces for biomedical applications. In addition to extending existing work, this study provides a robust platform for future explorations aimed at tailoring the full potential of tissue-engineered neural interfaces.
Published: 2024
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38. A one-step low-cost molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 detection suitable for community testing using minimally processed saliva.

Author: da Silva SM, Amaral C, Malta-Luís C, Grilo D, Duarte AG, Morais I, Afonso G, Faria N, Antunes W, Gomes I, Sá-Leão R, Miragaia M, Serrano M, and Pimentel C
Abstract: The gold standard for coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic testing relies on RNA extraction from naso/oropharyngeal swab followed by amplification through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with fluorogenic probes. While the test is extremely sensitive and specific, its high cost and the potential discomfort associated with specimen collection made it suboptimal for public health screening purposes. In this study, we developed an equally reliable, but cheaper and less invasive alternative test based on a one-step RT-PCR with the DNA-intercalating dye SYBR Green, which enables the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly from saliva samples or RNA isolated from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Importantly, we found that this type of testing can be fine-tuned to discriminate SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. The saliva RT-PCR SYBR Green test was successfully used in a mass-screening initiative targeting nearly 4500 asymptomatic children under the age of 12. Testing was performed at a reasonable cost, and in some cases, the saliva test outperformed NP rapid antigen tests in identifying infected children. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the antigen testing failure could not be attributed to a specific lineage of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, this work strongly supports the view that RT-PCR saliva tests based on DNA-intercalating dyes represent a powerful strategy for community screening of SARS-CoV-2. The tests can be easily applied to other infectious agents and, therefore, constitute a powerful resource for an effective response to future pandemics., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2024
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39. Salivary immunoglobulin levels and periodontal indices in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes.

Author: Ribeiro TR, Silva SM, Martins RARC, Santos CF, Silva PGB, Forti ACE, Costa FWG, Fonteles MC, and Fonteles CSR
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Brazil epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Reference Values, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Adolescent, Linear Models, Age Factors, Immunoglobulins analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 immunology, Saliva chemistry, Saliva immunology, Periodontal Index, Dental Plaque Index, Immunoglobulin A analysis
Abstract: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between salivary immunoglobulins, plaque index, and gingival index in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for the reporting of observational studies was followed. The DM1 group had 38 children, and an equal number of volunteers matched by sex and age were recruited as controls. Clinical examination was performed for plaque index and gingival index determination. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected. Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by ELISA test. Data were tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman tests and a multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) was performed. Gingival index was higher in the Control (DM1: 0.16±0.17; Control: 0.24±0.23, p=0.040). In DM1, there was a correlation between IgA and age (rho=0.371, p=0.024), IgM and IgG (rho=0.459, p=0.007), and IgM and gingival index (rho=0.394, p=0.014). In DM1, multiple linear regression showed that age (p=0.041; β=0.363), gingival index (p=0.041; β=0.398), and plaque index (p=0.008; β=-0.506) were good predictors of IgA levels in saliva. Thus, IgA was the only researched immunoglobulin that was directly associated with plaque and gingival indices in Brazilian children with DM1, but not in control subjects.
Published: 2024
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40. High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure Determination of Haemophilus influenzae Tellurite-Resistance Protein A via 200 kV Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Author: Tran NL, Senko S, Lucier KW, Farwell AC, Silva SM, Dip PV, Poweleit N, Scapin G, and Catalano C
Subjects: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission methods, Membrane Proteins chemistry, Membrane Proteins ultrastructure, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Cryoelectron Microscopy methods, Haemophilus influenzae ultrastructure, Haemophilus influenzae chemistry, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins ultrastructure, Detergents chemistry
Abstract: Membrane proteins constitute about 20% of the human proteome and play crucial roles in cellular functions. However, a complete understanding of their structure and function is limited by their hydrophobic nature, which poses significant challenges in purification and stabilization. Detergents, essential in the isolation process, risk destabilizing or altering the proteins' native conformations, thus affecting stability and functionality. This study leverages single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the structural nuances of membrane proteins, focusing on the SLAC1 bacterial homolog from Haemophilus influenzae ( Hi TehA) purified with diverse detergents, including n-dodecyl β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM), glycodiosgenin (GDN), β-D-octyl-glucoside (OG), and lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG). This research not only contributes to the understanding of membrane protein structures but also addresses detergent effects on protein purification. By showcasing that the overall structural integrity of the channel is preserved, our study underscores the intricate interplay between proteins and detergents, offering insightful implications for drug design and membrane biology.
Published: 2024
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41. Development and internal validation of a dynamic fall risk prediction and monitoring tool in aged care using routinely collected electronic health data: a landmarking approach.

Author: Wabe N, Meulenbroeks I, Huang G, Silva SM, Gray LC, Close JCT, Lord S, and Westbrook JI
Subjects: Aged, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Electronics, Homes for the Aged, Dementia
Abstract: Objectives: Falls pose a significant challenge in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Existing falls prediction tools perform poorly and fail to capture evolving risk factors. We aimed to develop and internally validate dynamic fall risk prediction models and create point-based scoring systems for residents with and without dementia., Materials and Methods: A longitudinal cohort study using electronic data from 27 RACFs in Sydney, Australia. The study included 5492 permanent residents, with a 70%-30% split for training and validation. The outcome measure was the incidence of falls. We tracked residents for 60 months, using monthly landmarks with 1-month prediction windows. We employed landmarking dynamic prediction for model development, a time-dependent area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) for model evaluations, and a regression coefficient approach to create point-based scoring systems., Results: The model identified 15 independent predictors of falls in dementia and 12 in nondementia cohorts. Falls history was the key predictor of subsequent falls in both dementia (HR 4.75, 95% CI, 4.45-5.06) and nondementia cohorts (HR 4.20, 95% CI, 3.87-4.57). The AUROCC across landmarks ranged from 0.67 to 0.87 for dementia and from 0.66 to 0.86 for nondementia cohorts but generally remained between 0.75 and 0.85 in both cohorts. The total point risk score ranged from -2 to 57 for dementia and 0 to 52 for nondementia cohorts., Discussion: Our novel risk prediction models and scoring systems provide timely person-centered information for continuous monitoring of fall risk in RACFs., Conclusion: Embedding these tools within electronic health records could facilitate the implementation of targeted proactive interventions to prevent falls., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association.)
Published: 2024
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42. Content analysis of the Measure of the Quality of the Environment by linkage with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Author: Alflen VEV, Pereira GS, Condé MS, Andrade FG, Fougeyrollas P, and Silva SM
Subjects: Humans, Disability Evaluation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Consensus, Activities of Daily Living, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Disabled Persons
Abstract: Background: This study explores the linkage between the Measurement of Environmental Quality (MQE) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Stemming from the Human Development Model-Disability Creation Process (HDM-DCP), MQE enhances understanding of how environmental quality impacts disability development across diverse socio-cultural contexts. Integrating MQE with ICF expands the perspective on disability formation beyond HDM-DCP, encompassing ICF's functioning approach., Objective: To link the MQE with the concepts and categories of the ICF., Methods: Two health professionals with adequate taxonomic knowledge of the ICF performed the initial linkage, which was based on updated standardized rules considering all hierarchical levels of the ICF. Linkage agreement between the first two assessors was measured using the Kappa (k) coefficient and respective 95% confidence intervals. In the absence of a consensus between the two assessors (k > 0.60), a third assessor was consulted to make the arbitrary decision of the final categories linked to the MQE., Results: Insufficient agreement between the two assessors was found for the linkage process (k = 0.52; p < 0.001), requiring the final decision from the third assessor. At the end of the process, 26 ICF categories were linked to the main concepts (MC) measured by the 26 items of the short version of the MQE. Ten ICF categories were linked to the additional concepts (AC) measured by the MQE. Moreover, the MQE addresses the five domains of the ICF component "environmental factors," with a predominance of the "services, systems and policies" domain (MC = 45.8% and AC = 40%)., Conclusion: The linkage of the concepts measured by the MQE to ICF categories enabled mapping the content of the MQE, identifying it as a promising tool for measuring environmental factors in accordance with ICF percepts., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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43. Biopsychosocial factors associated with the state of disability after hemiparesis in the chronic phase of stroke: exploratory analysis based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Author: Martins Dos Santos H, Pereira GS, de Oliveira LC, Da Silva PK, Gonçalves Lima M, Faria CDCM, and Silva SM
Subjects: Adult, Humans, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Paresis etiology, Disability Evaluation, Activities of Daily Living, Stroke Rehabilitation psychology, Stroke complications, Stroke psychology
Abstract: Objective: To identify the main biopsychosocial factors associated with disability level after stroke using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with chronic stroke survivors. Disability was assessed using the World Health Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. The independent variables were: Body functions: emotional functioning and whether the dominant upper limb was affected. For the Activities & Participation component, satisfaction regarding the execution of activities and participation were assessed using the SATIS-Stroke, as well as the locomotion ability for adults (ABILOCO), manual ability (ABILHAND) and the return to work. For environmental factors, income and facilitators and obstacles were assessed using the Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE). Personal factors: age and sex. Multiple Linear Regression was employed., Results: Limited locomotor ability (β = -0.281; t = -3.231 p = 0.002), dissatisfaction regarding activities and participation (β = -0.273; t = -3.070 p = 0.003), and the non-return to work (β = 0.162; t = 2.085 p = 0.04) were associated with disability., Conclusion: The reduction in locomotor ability, dissatisfaction regarding activities and participation and the non-return to work were associated with disability in the chronic phase following a stroke.
Published: 2024
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44. Aqueous Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold-Tin Alloy Nanoparticles.

Author: Cha JH, Silva SM, Branco AJ, and Ross MB
Subjects: Silver chemistry, Gold chemistry, Tin, Alloys chemistry, Gold Alloys, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract: This protocol describes the synthesis of Au nanoparticle seeds and the subsequent formation of Au-Sn bimetallic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have potential applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, imaging, and drug delivery. Previously, methods for producing alloy nanoparticles have been time-consuming, require complex reaction conditions, and can have inconsistent results. The outlined protocol first describes the synthesis of approximately 13 nm Au nanoparticle seeds using the Turkevich method. The protocol next describes the reduction of Sn and its incorporation into the Au seeds to generate Au-Sn alloy nanoparticles. The optical and structural characterization of these nanoparticles is described. Optically, prominent localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are apparent using UV-visible spectroscopy. Structurally, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) reflects all particles to be less than 20 nm and shows patterns for Au, Sn, and multiple Au-Sn intermetallic phases. Spherical morphology and size distribution are obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM reveals that after Sn incorporation, the nanoparticles grow to approximately 15 nm in diameter.
Published: 2024
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45. Predictors of the Social Participation of Adults with Down Syndrome: An Analysis Based on the Biopsychosocial Model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Author: de Andrade ML, Silva SM, de Moraes JF, de Jesus SC, Dos Santos Pedro E, Corrêa JCF, and Corrêa FI
Subjects: Adult, Humans, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Models, Biopsychosocial, Disability Evaluation, Activities of Daily Living psychology, Social Participation psychology, Down Syndrome
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the predictors of social participation in Down syndrome adults from the biopsychosocial model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health., Methods: An exploratory, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with Down syndrome adults. The social participation was assessed using the Life Habits Assessment. The independent variables were determined using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health biopsychosocial model: body functions were assessed by body mass index, cognition function (Mini-Mental State Examination), and lower limbs muscle strength (Sit-to-Stand Test). Activities were assessed by the 8-Foot Up and Go Test. Environmental factors were assessed by the measure of the quality of the environment, and personal factors were assessed by age, sex, and education level., Results: The total Life Habits Assessment score indicates that individuals show moderate restriction in social participation, with major restriction in the education, employment, and responsibilities domains. The 8-Foot Up and Go Test was the best social participation predictor variable, followed by Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Sit-to-Stand Test. Contextual factors were not predictors of participation., Conclusions: It was concluded that individuals with Down syndrome present the most restrictions to social participation in activities that involve social roles. The predictors influencing social participation are functional mobility, cognition, and lower limb muscle strength., Competing Interests: Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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46. Stereotactic anatomy of the third ventricle.

Author: da Silva AC, Silva SM, Alves H, Cunha-Cabral D, Pinto FF, Fernandes-Silva J, Arantes M, and Andrade JP
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Brain, Ventriculostomy methods, Cadaver, Treatment Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Third Ventricle diagnostic imaging, Third Ventricle surgery, Neuroendoscopy methods, Hydrocephalus diagnostic imaging, Hydrocephalus surgery, Hydrocephalus pathology
Abstract: Purpose: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a surgical procedure that can lead to complications and requires detailed preoperative planning. This study aimed to provide a more accurate understanding of the anatomy of the third ventricle and the location of important structures to improve the safety and success of ETV., Methods: We measured the stereotactic coordinates of six points of interest relative to a predefined stereotactic reference point in 23 cadaver brain hemi-sections, 200 normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and 24 hydrocephalic brain MRI scans. The measurements were statistically analyzed, and comparisons were made., Results: We found some statistically significant differences between genders in MRIs from healthy subjects. We also found statistically significant differences between MRIs from healthy subjects and both cadaver brains and MRIs with hydrocephalus, though their magnitude is very small and not clinically relevant. Some stereotactic points were more posteriorly and inferiorly located in cadaver brains, particularly the infundibular recess and the basilar artery. It was found that all stereotactic points studied were more posteriorly located in brains with hydrocephalus., Conclusion: The study describes periventricular structures in cadaver brains and MRI scans from healthy and hydrocephalic subjects, which can guide neurosurgeons in planning surgical approaches to the third ventricle. Overall, the study contributes to understanding ETV and provides insights for improving its safety and efficacy. The findings also support that practicing on cadaveric brains can still provide valuable information and is valid for study and training of neurosurgeons unfamiliar with the ETV technique., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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47. Task-related brain activity in upper limb dystonia revealed by simultaneous fNIRS and EEG.

Author: Marques Paulo AJ, Sato JR, de Faria DD, Balardin J, Borges V, de Azevedo Silva SM, Ballalai Ferraz H, and de Carvalho Aguiar P
Subjects: Humans, Electroencephalography, Dystonia, Dystonic Disorders, Sensorimotor Cortex, Motor Cortex
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to explore differences in brain activity and connectivity using simultaneous electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with focal dystonia during handwriting and finger-tapping tasks., Methods: Patients with idiopathic right upper limb focal dystonia and controls were assessed by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography during the writing and finger-tapping tasks in terms of the mu-alpha, mu-beta, beta and low gamma power and effective connectivity, as well as relative changes in oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin using a channel-wise approach with a mixed-effect model., Results: Patients exhibited higher oxy-Hb levels in the right and left motor cortex and supplementary motor area during writing, but lower oxy-Hb levels in the left sensorimotor and bilateral somatosensory area during finger-tapping compared to controls. During writing, patients showed increased low gamma power in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex and less mu-beta and beta attenuation compared to controls. Additionally, patients had reduced connectivity between the supplementary motor area and the left sensorimotor cortex during writing. No differences were observed in terms of effective connectivity in either task. Finally, patients failed to attenuate the mu-alpha, mu-beta, and beta rhythms during the finger-tapping task., Conclusions: Cortical blood flow and EEG spectral power differ between controls and dystonia patients, depending on the task. Writing increased blood flow and altered connectivity in dystonia patients, and it also decreased slow-band attenuation. Finger-tapping decreased blood flow and slow-band attenuation., Significance: Simultaneous fNIRS and EEG may show relevant information regarding brain dynamics in movement disorders patients in unconstrained environments., (Copyright © 2023 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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48. Calcium ions have a detrimental impact on the boundary lubrication property of hyaluronic acid and lubricin (PRG-4) both alone and in combination.

Author: Han M, Russo MJ, Desroches PE, Silva SM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, and Greene GW
Subjects: Humans, Lubrication, Hyaluronic Acid chemistry, Calcium metabolism, Friction, Synovial Fluid chemistry, Cartilage, Articular metabolism, Osteoarthritis, Glycoproteins
Abstract: Cartilage demineralisation in Osteoarthritis (OA) patients can elevate calcium ion levels in synovial fluid, as evidenced by the prevalence of precipitated calcium phosphate crystals in OA synovial fluid. Although it has been reported that there is a potential connection between elevated concentrations of calcium ions and a deterioration in the lubrication and wear resistance of cartilage tissues, the mechanism behind the strong link between calcium ion concentration and decreased lubrication performance is unclear. In this work, the AFM friction, imaging, and normal force distance measurements were used to investigate the lubrication performances of hyaluronic acid (HA), Lubricin (LUB), and HA-LUB complex in the presence of calcium ions (5 mM, 15 mM, and 30 mM), to understand the possible mechanism behind the change of lubrication property. The results of AFM friction measurements suggest that introducing calcium ions to the environment effectively eliminated the lubrication ability of HA and HA-LUB, especially with relatively low loading applied. The AFM images indicate that it is unlikely that structural or morphological changes in the surface-bound layer upon calcium ions addition are primarily responsible for the friction results demonstrated. Further, the poor correlation between the effect of calcium ions on the adhesion forces and its impact on friction suggests that the decrease in the lubricating ability of both layers is likely a result of changes in the hydration of the HA-LUB surface bound layers than changes in intermolecular or intramolecular binding. This work provides the first experimental evidence lending towards the relationship between bone demineralisation and articular cartilage degradation at the onset of OA and the mechanism through which elevated calcium levels in the synovial fluid act on joint lubrication., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: George W. Greene, Mingyu Han reports financial support was provided by Australian Research Council. George W. Greene, Mingyu Han reports equipment, drugs, or supplies was provided by Lubris BioPharma., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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49. The Ketone Bridge Between the Heart and the Bladder: How Fast Should We Go?

Author: Faria-Costa G, Oliveira J, Vilas-Boas I, Campelo I, Silva EA, Brás-Silva C, Silva SM, Antunes-Lopes T, and Charrua A
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with both cardiovascular and bladder dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity, in particular, are the main risk factors. In these patients, vicious pathological cycles exacerbate abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and sustain an inflammatory state, with serious implications for both the heart and bladder. Ketone bodies serve as an alternative energy source in this context. They are considered a "super-fuel" because they generate adenosine triphosphate with less oxygen consumption per molecule, thus enhancing metabolic efficiency. Ketone bodies have a positive impact on all components of MS. They aid in weight loss and glycemic control, lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and enhance endothelial function. Additionally, they possess direct anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. A shared key player in dysfunction of both the heart and bladder dysfunction is the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which ketone bodies inhibit. Interventions that elevate ketone body levels-such as fasting, a ketogenic diet, ketone supplements, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-have been shown to directly affect cardiovascular outcomes and improve lower urinary tract symptoms derived from MS. This review explores the pathophysiological basis of the benefits of ketone bodies in cardiac and bladder dysfunction.
Published: 2024
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50. Effectiveness of fall prevention interventions in residential aged care and community settings: an umbrella review.

Author: Meulenbroeks I, Mercado C, Gates P, Nguyen A, Seaman K, Wabe N, Silva SM, Zheng WY, Debono D, and Westbrook J
Subjects: Aged, Humans, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Vitamin D, Fractures, Bone, Vitamins
Abstract: Introduction: Preventing falls is a priority for aged care providers. Research to date has focused on fall prevention strategies in single settings (e.g., residential aged care (RAC) or community settings). However, some aged care providers deliver care, including fall prevention interventions, across RAC and community settings. We conducted an umbrella review to identify what type of fall prevention interventions had the greatest impact on falls outcomes in RAC and community settings., Methods: Five databases were searched for systematic reviews of falls prevention randomised control trials in older adults living in the community or RAC. Data extracted included systematic review methods, population characteristics, intervention characteristics, setting details (RAC or community), and fall-related outcomes (falls, people who have had a fall, fall-related hospitalisations, and fall-related fractures). Review quality was appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 tool., Results: One-hundred and six systematic reviews were included; 63 and 19 of these stratified results by community and RAC settings respectively, the remainder looked at both settings. The most common intervention types discussed in reviews included 'exercise' (61%, n = 65), 'multifactorial' (two or more intervention types delivered together) (26%, n = 28), and 'vitamin D' (18%, n = 19). In RAC and community settings, 'exercise' interventions demonstrated the most consistent reduction in falls and people who have had a fall compared to other intervention types. 'Multifactorial' interventions were also beneficial in both settings however demonstrated more consistent reduction in falls and people who fall in RAC settings compared to community settings. 'Vitamin D' interventions may be beneficial in community-dwelling populations but not in RAC settings. It was not possible to stratify fall-related hospitalisation and fall-related fracture outcomes by setting due to limited number of RAC-specific reviews (n = 3 and 0 respectively)., Conclusion: 'Exercise' interventions may be the most appropriate falls prevention intervention for older adults in RAC and community settings as it is beneficial for multiple fall-related outcomes (falls, fall-related fractures, and people who have had a fall). Augmenting 'exercise' interventions to become 'multifactorial' interventions may also improve the incidence of falls in both settings., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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